Double-stranded RNA binding protein, Staufen, is required for the initiation of RNAi in coleopteran insects.

abstract：:Members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases play central roles in coordinating the stereotypical events that occur during apoptosis. Because the major executioner caspases, caspase-3 and caspase-7, exhibit almost indistinguishable activity toward certain synthetic peptide substrates, this has led to the widesp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walsh JG,Cullen SP,Sheridan C,Lüthi AU,Gerner C,Martin SJ

更新日期：2008-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein-protein interactions are essential for life. Yet, our understanding of the general principles governing binding is not complete. In the present study, we show that the interface between proteins is built in a modular fashion; each module is comprised of a number of closely interacting residues, with few intera...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reichmann D,Rahat O,Albeck S,Meged R,Dym O,Schreiber G

更新日期：2005-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Glass formation in the CaO-Al2O3 system represents an important phenomenon because it does not contain typical network-forming cations. We have produced structural models of CaO-Al2O3 glasses using combined density functional theory-reverse Monte Carlo simulations and obtained structures that reproduce experiments (X-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akola J,Kohara S,Ohara K,Fujiwara A,Watanabe Y,Masuno A,Usuki T,Kubo T,Nakahira A,Nitta K,Uruga T,Weber JK,Benmore CJ

更新日期：2013-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:How did language evolve? A popular approach points to the similarities between the ontogeny and phylogeny of language. Young children's language and nonhuman primates' signing both appear formulaic with limited syntactic combinations, thereby suggesting a degree of continuity in their cognitive abilities. To evaluate ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang C

更新日期：2013-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A retinoid was isolated by a multistep procedure from the small intestines of vitamin A-deficient rats given a single dose of retinoic acid. The compound, designated 8II, was pure, as demonstrated by four high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures. It was positively identified as 5,8-oxyretinoic acid by ultraviol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Napoli JL,McCormick AM,Schnoes HK,DeLuca HF

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The covalent joining of topoisomerases to DNA is normally a transient step in the reaction cycle of these important enzymes. However, under a variety of circumstances, the covalent complex is converted to a long-lived or dead-end product that can result in chromosome breakage and cell death. We have discovered and par...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang SW,Burgin AB Jr,Huizenga BN,Robertson CA,Yao KC,Nash HA

更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The operon model was proposed by Jacob and Monod in 1961 to explain the regulation of enzyme synthesis in bacteria. The model requires two genetic elements: a locus i which directs the synthesis of a repressor, and a locus called the operon which contains an operator gene and associated structural genes. The repressor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zubay G,Lederman M

更新日期：1969-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human epidermal stem cells express higher levels of beta1 integrins and are more adhesive than keratinocytes that are destined to differentiate. To investigate whether high beta1 integrin expression and adhesiveness are essential for maintaining keratinocytes in the stem cell compartment, we introduced a dominant-nega...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu AJ,Haase I,Watt FM

更新日期：1999-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The rigidity of numerous biological filaments and crafted microrods has been conveniently deduced from the analysis of their thermal fluctuations. However, the difficulty of measuring nanometric displacements with an optical microscope has so far limited such studies to sufficiently flexible rods, of which the persist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gerbal F,Wang Y

更新日期：2017-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Sour taste is detected by a subset of taste cells on the tongue and palate epithelium that respond to acids with trains of action potentials. Entry of protons through a Zn(2+)-sensitive proton conductance that is specific to sour taste cells has been shown to be the initial event in sour taste transduction. Whether th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye W,Chang RB,Bushman JD,Tu YH,Mulhall EM,Wilson CE,Cooper AJ,Chick WS,Hill-Eubanks DC,Nelson MT,Kinnamon SC,Liman ER

更新日期：2016-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A defined, minimal medium for the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is reported. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Franke J,Kessin R

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that the primary visual cortex contains multiple functional maps of visual properties (e.g., ocular dominance, orientation preference, and spatial-frequency preference), but as yet no consistent picture has emerged as to how these maps are related to one another. Three divergent, prior o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sirovich L,Uglesich R

更新日期：2004-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern practice for training classification deepnets involves a terminal phase of training (TPT), which begins at the epoch where training error first vanishes. During TPT, the training error stays effectively zero, while training loss is pushed toward zero. Direct measurements of TPT, for three prototypical deepnet a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Papyan V,Han XY,Donoho DL

更新日期：2020-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Amorphous silicon oxycarbide polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs), synthesized from organometallic precursors, contain carbon- and silica-rich nanodomains, the latter with extensive substitution of carbon for oxygen, linking Si-centered SiO(x)C(4-x) tetrahedra. Calorimetric studies demonstrated these PDCs to be thermodynam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sen S,Widgeon SJ,Navrotsky A,Mera G,Tavakoli A,Ionescu E,Riedel R

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legumes were among the first plant species to be domesticated, and accompanied cereals in expansion of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent into diverse environments across the Mediterranean basin, Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Although several recent studies have outlined the molecular basis for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weller JL,Liew LC,Hecht VF,Rajandran V,Laurie RE,Ridge S,Wenden B,Vander Schoor JK,Jaminon O,Blassiau C,Dalmais M,Rameau C,Bendahmane A,Macknight RC,Lejeune-Hénaut I

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the technique of DNA fingerprinting, we investigated the genetic structure within and among four wild-caught colonies (n = 50 individuals) of a eusocial mammal, the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber; Rodentia: Bathyergidae). We found that DNA fingerprints of colony-mates were strikingly similar and that betw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeve HK,Westneat DF,Noon WA,Sherman PW,Aquadro CF

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subcellular localization of Ocrl, the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that is mutated in Lowe syndrome, was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Ocrl was localized to endosomes and Golgi membranes along with clathrin, giantin, the mannose 6-phosphate receptor, transferrin, and the early endosomal antigen ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ungewickell A,Ward ME,Ungewickell E,Majerus PW

更新日期：2004-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand non-trivial biological functions, it is crucial to develop minimal synthetic models that capture their basic features. Here, we demonstrate a sequence-independent, reversible control of transcription and gene expression using a photosensitive nucleic acid binder (pNAB). By introducing a pNAB whose affini...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Estévez-Torres A,Crozatier C,Diguet A,Hara T,Saito H,Yoshikawa K,Baigl D

更新日期：2009-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The diradical form of thiol-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore resides in the minor groove of DNA, where it has access to hydrogen atoms at the C-5', C-1', and C-4' positions of deoxyribose on each strand. In a dodecamer oligodeoxyribonucleotide containing the sequence AGC.GCT, a bistranded lesion staggered two nu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kappen LS,Goldberg IH

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Misfolded proteins are eliminated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by retrotranslocation into the cytosol, a pathway hijacked by certain viruses to destroy MHC class I heavy chains. The translocation of polypeptides across the ER membrane requires their polyubiquitination and subsequent extraction from the membrane...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye Y,Shibata Y,Kikkert M,van Voorden S,Wiertz E,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2005-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have established that humans and monkeys with damage to striate cortex are able to detect and localize bright targets within the resultant scotoma. Electrophysiological evidence in monkeys suggests that residual vision also might include sensitivity to direction of visual motion. We tested whether mac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moore T,Rodman HR,Gross CG

更新日期：2001-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The chronometric redshift-distance relation z = tan 2(1/2rho), where rho is the distance in radians in the Einstein metric, is derived by an elementary geometric analysis comparable to that in traditional analysis of the expanding universe model. The differential dTt of Einstein time evolution Tt through time t, as ap...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Segal IE

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab2) were purified from a cancer patient treated with NP-4, a murine monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These Ab2 were specific for NP-4 and inhibited the binding between NP-4 and CEA. BALB/c mice immunized with these human Ab2 produced anti-Ab2 antibodies that were also r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Losman MJ,Hansen HJ,Sharkey RM,Goldenberg DM,Monestier M

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:By using a structure-based computer-assisted search, we have found a butyrophenone derivative that is a selective inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease. The computer program creates a negative image of the active site cavity using the crystal structure of the HIV-1 protease. This image was c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DesJarlais RL,Seibel GL,Kuntz ID,Furth PS,Alvarez JC,Ortiz de Montellano PR,DeCamp DL,Babé LM,Craik CS

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that geographic differences in cancer mortalities in Europe are related to (in order of importance): geographic distances (reflecting environmental differences), ethnohistoric distances (encompassing cultural and genetic attributes), and genetic distances of the populations in the areas studie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sokal RR,Oden NL,Rosenberg MS,Thomson BA

更新日期：2000-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Focally evoked calcium waves in astrocyte cultures have been thought to propagate by gap-junction-mediated intercellular passage of chemical signal(s). In contrast to this mechanism we observed isolated astrocytes, which had no physical contact with other astrocytes in the culture, participating in a calcium wave. Thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hassinger TD,Guthrie PB,Atkinson PB,Bennett MV,Kater SB

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsZ, the ancestral homolog of eukaryotic tubulins, is a GTPase that assembles into a cytokinetic ring structure essential for cell division in prokaryotic cells. Similar to tubulin, purified FtsZ polymerizes into dynamic protofilaments in the presence of GTP; polymer assembly is accompanied by GTP hydrolysis. We used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Margalit DN,Romberg L,Mets RB,Hebert AM,Mitchison TJ,Kirschner MW,RayChaudhuri D

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We developed a microfluidics-based model to quantify cell-level processes modulating the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD). This in vitro model enabled quantitative investigations of the kinetics of cell sickling, unsickling, and cell rheology. We created short-term and long-term hypoxic conditions to simul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Du E,Diez-Silva M,Kato GJ,Dao M,Suresh S

更新日期：2015-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription initiation factor TFIID is a multimeric protein complex that plays a central role in transcriptional regulation by facilitating promoter responses to various activators. cDNAs encoding the 110-kDa subunit of Drosophila TFIID (p110) were isolated with a degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide probe based on an am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kokubo T,Gong DW,Roeder RG,Horikoshi M,Nakatani Y

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The three-dimensional structures of avian H5 and swine H9 influenza hemagglutinins (HAs) from viruses closely related to those that caused outbreaks of human disease in Hong Kong in 1997 and 1999 were determined bound to avian and human cell receptor analogs. Emerging influenza pandemics have been accompanied by the e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ha Y,Stevens DJ,Skehel JJ,Wiley DC

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00