Executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7 are functionally distinct proteases.

abstract：:The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmid BV,Büntgen U,Easterday WR,Ginzler C,Walløe L,Bramanti B,Stenseth NC

更新日期：2015-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic morphine administration is associated with the development of tolerance, both clinically and in animal models. Many assume that tolerance is a continually progressive response to chronic opioid dosing. However, clinicians have long appreciated the ability to manage cancer pain in patients for months on stable ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu J,Faskowitz AJ,Rossi GC,Xu M,Lu Z,Pan YX,Pasternak GW

更新日期：2015-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The Esx secretion pathway is conserved across Gram-positive bacteria. Esx-1, the best-characterized system, is required for virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although its precise function during infection remains unclear. Esx-3, a paralogous system present in all mycobacterial species, is required for growth in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Siegrist MS,Unnikrishnan M,McConnell MJ,Borowsky M,Cheng TY,Siddiqi N,Fortune SM,Moody DB,Rubin EJ

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Although neurotrophins are primarily associated with long-term effects on neuronal survival and differentiation, recent studies have shown that acute changes in synaptic transmission can also be produced. In the hippocampus, an area critically involved in learning and memory, we have found that brain-derived neurotrop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine ES,Dreyfus CF,Black IB,Plummer MR

更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent cryoEM density maps of Abeta(42) fibrils obtained at low pH revealed two protofilaments winding around a hollow core raising the question if such tubular structures also exist at physiological pH. Based on the cryoEM measurements and on NMR data, we probe amyloid fibril organizations corresponding to the observ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller Y,Ma B,Tsai CJ,Nussinov R

更新日期：2010-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The rate of leucine incorporation into a specific estrogen-induced protein of immature rat isolated by gel electrophoresis declines rapidly between 2-4 hr after estrogen stimulation in vivo followed by incubation in vitro. Actinomycin D present during the in vitro phase prevents this decline, and elicits a "superinduc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeAngelo AB,Fujimoto GI

更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-assembled heterocapsule 1.2, which is formed by the hydrogen bonds of tetra(4-pyridyl)-cavitand 1 and tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cavitand 2, encapsulates 1 molecule of guests such as 1,4-diacetoxybenzene 3a, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dimethylbenzene 3b, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dialkoxybenzenes (3c, OCH(3); 3d, OC(2)H(5); 3e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kitagawa H,Kobori Y,Yamanaka M,Yoza K,Kobayashi K

更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Germ-line missense mutations of the receptor-like tyrosine kinase ret are the causative genetic event of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and type 2B syndromes and of the familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. We have used the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12, as a model system to investigate the mech...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Califano D,D'Alessio A,Colucci-D'Amato GL,De Vita G,Monaco C,Santelli G,Di Fiore PP,Vecchio G,Fusco A,Santoro M,de Franciscis V

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:After treatment with nitrite, Japanese soy sauce was strongly mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without S9 mixture. Two precursors of the mutagen were isolated from Japanese soy sauce, and these were identified as (-)-(1S,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid [(-)-(1S,3S)-MTCA] and i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wakabayashi K,Ochiai M,Saitô H,Tsuda M,Suwa Y,Nagao M,Sugimura T

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key barrier to the realization of personalized medicine for cancer is the identification of biomarkers. Here we describe a two-stage strategy for the discovery of serum biomarker signatures corresponding to specific cancer-causing mutations and its application to prostate cancer (PCa) in the context of the commonly ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cima I,Schiess R,Wild P,Kaelin M,Schüffler P,Lange V,Picotti P,Ossola R,Templeton A,Schubert O,Fuchs T,Leippold T,Wyler S,Zehetner J,Jochum W,Buhmann J,Cerny T,Moch H,Gillessen S,Aebersold R,Krek W

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system, glycogen-derived bioenergetic resources in astrocytes help promote tissue survival in response to focal neuronal stress. However, our understanding of the extent to which these resources are mobilized and utilized during neurodegeneration, especially in nearby regions that are not active...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper ML,Pasini S,Lambert WS,D'Alessandro KB,Yao V,Risner ML,Calkins DJ

更新日期：2020-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:An enhancer specific to erythroid cells was identified previously in the 3' flanking sequence of the chicken adult beta-globin gene and shown to act on the beta-globin promoter. This enhancer lies between the adult beta-globin gene and the embryonic epsilon-globin gene, about equidistant from the two promoters. To det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nickol JM,Felsenfeld G

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Left ventricular remodeling that occurs after myocardial infarction (MI) and pressure overload is generally accepted as a determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. The molecular mechanism of this process, however, remains to be elucidated. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamaguchi O,Higuchi Y,Hirotani S,Kashiwase K,Nakayama H,Hikoso S,Takeda T,Watanabe T,Asahi M,Taniike M,Matsumura Y,Tsujimoto I,Hongo K,Kusakari Y,Kurihara S,Nishida K,Ichijo H,Hori M,Otsu K

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:An expression in the exterior algebra of a Peano space yielding Pappus' theorem was originally given by Doubilet, Rota, and Stein [Doubilet, P., Rota, G.-C. & Stein, J. (1974) Stud. Appl. Math. 8, 185-216]. Motivated by an identity of Rota, I give an identity in a Grassmann-Cayley algebra of step 3, involving joins an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hawrylycz M

更新日期：1994-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The N-terminal domain of HIV-1 integrase contains a pair of His and Cys residues (the HHCC motif) that are conserved among retroviral integrases. Although His and Cys residues are often involved in binding zinc, the HHCC motif does not correspond to any recognized class of zinc binding domain. We have investigated the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zheng R,Jenkins TM,Craigie R

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In a subtropical gyre, the convergent Ekman layer forces water downward into the geostrophic flow below. The properties and depth of the mixed layer vary considerably during the course of the year, but this variability does not penetrate into the geostrophic region. Evidently there is some process at work that selects...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stommel H

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Like protein enzymes, RNA enzymes (ribozymes) provide specific binding sites for their substrates. We now show that equilibrium dissociation constants for complexes between the Tetrahymena ribozyme and its RNA substrates and products can be directly measured by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing divalen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pyle AM,McSwiggen JA,Cech TR

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In human adults, learning and memory under acute stress are characterized by an increased use of rigid habitual response strategies at the cost of flexible cognitive strategies. The immediate effects of stress on cognitive functioning early in life are not well understood. Here we show experimentally that acute stress...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seehagen S,Schneider S,Rudolph J,Ernst S,Zmyj N

更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Richards J,Guzman R,Imagawa W,Nandi S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) mediating inhibitory transmission in the nervous system. Its transmembrane domain (TMD) is the target of allosteric modulators such as general anesthetics and ethanol and is a major locus for hyperekplexic congenital mutations altering the al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moraga-Cid G,Sauguet L,Huon C,Malherbe L,Girard-Blanc C,Petres S,Murail S,Taly A,Baaden M,Delarue M,Corringer PJ

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Mapping biological pathways across microbial genomes is a highly important technique in functional studies of biological systems. Existing methods mainly rely on sequence-based orthologous gene mapping, which often leads to suboptimal mapping results because sequence-similarity information alone does not contain suffi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mao F,Su Z,Olman V,Dam P,Liu Z,Xu Y

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A climate/vegetation model simulates episodic wetter and drier periods at the 21,000-y precession period in eastern North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Levant over the past 140,000 y. Large orbitally forced wet/dry extremes occur during interglacial time, ∼130 to 80 ka, and conditions between these two extrem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kutzbach JE,Guan J,He F,Cohen AS,Orland IJ,Chen G

更新日期：2020-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Porcine aortic endothelial cells were isolated and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DME medium)/10% citrate-treated human plasma. They were stimulated by DME medium/10% human serum to grow from a density of 10,100 +/- 500 per well to a final density of 83,000 +/- 1,800 per well over a 9-day period. On...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clemmons DR,Isley WL,Brown MT

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide sequence of intracellular 26S mRNA of Sindbis virus has been determined by direct sequence analysis of the cDNA made to this RNA with reverse transcriptase. From this, the amino acid sequences of the encoded virus structural proteins, which include a basic capsid protein and two integral membrane glycop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rice CM,Strauss JH

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gelation of colloidal nanocrystals emerged as a strategy to preserve inherent nanoscale properties in multiscale architectures. However, available gelation methods to directly form self-supported nanocrystal networks struggle to reliably control nanoscale optical phenomena such as photoluminescence and localized surfa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saez Cabezas CA,Ong GK,Jadrich RB,Lindquist BA,Agrawal A,Truskett TM,Milliron DJ

更新日期：2018-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Confronted with an object of perception, an individual will spontaneously try to identify unambiguously and consistently all its parts; except in rare instances of "illusory phenomena," he will immediately succeed. This elementary fact is formalized in a law of visual perception. It is used to define sets of stable st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shiman LG

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Curved DNA molecules and unusually small circles have been obtained by ligation of synthetic 21-base precursors: (sequence in text). The ligation resulted in the formation of double-stranded oligo-(precursor)s possessing a strong 10.5-base-pair (bp) periodicity of the runs of adenines. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ulanovsky L,Bodner M,Trifonov EN,Choder M

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the activated RAS2Val19 gene or lacking both cAMP phosphodiesterase genes, PDE1 and PDE2, have impaired growth control and display an acute sensitivity to heat shock. We have isolated two classes of mammalian cDNAs from yeast expression libraries that suppress the heat shock...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Colicelli J,Nicolette C,Birchmeier C,Rodgers L,Riggs M,Wigler M

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Galanin is a neuropeptide with a wide variety of biological functions, including that of a strong endogenous anticonvulsant. No nonpeptide ligands, capable of activating galanin receptors, are available today. Based on known pharmacophores of galanin, a combinatorial library was designed, synthesized, and screened at ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saar K,Mazarati AM,Mahlapuu R,Hallnemo G,Soomets U,Kilk K,Hellberg S,Pooga M,Tolf BR,Shi TS,Hökfelt T,Wasterlain C,Bartfai T,Langel U

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Positional cloning has already produced the sequences of more than 70 human genes associated with specific diseases. In addition to their medical importance, these genes are of interest as a set of human genes isolated solely on the basis of the phenotypic effect of the respective mutations. We analyzed the protein se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mushegian AR,Bassett DE Jr,Boguski MS,Bork P,Koonin EV

更新日期：1997-05-27 00:00:00