Abstract:
:It is known that temperature estimates of macroscopic systems in equilibrium are most precise when their energy fluctuations are large. However, for nanoscale systems deviations from standard thermodynamics arise due to their interactions with the environment. Here we include such interactions and, using quantum estimation theory, derive a generalised thermodynamic uncertainty relation valid for classical and quantum systems at all coupling strengths. We show that the non-commutativity between the system's state and its effective energy operator gives rise to quantum fluctuations that increase the temperature uncertainty. Surprisingly, these additional fluctuations are described by the average Wigner-Yanase-Dyson skew information. We demonstrate that the temperature's signal-to-noise ratio is constrained by the heat capacity plus a dissipative term arising from the non-negligible interactions. These findings shed light on the interplay between classical and non-classical fluctuations in quantum thermodynamics and will inform the design of optimal nanoscale thermometers.
journal_name
Nat Communjournal_title
Nature communicationsauthors
Miller HJD,Anders Jdoi
10.1038/s41467-018-04536-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-06 00:00:00pages
2203issue
1issn
2041-1723pii
10.1038/s41467-018-04536-7journal_volume
9pub_type
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