Abstract:
:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of traveler's diarrhea as well as of endemic diarrhea and stunting in children in developing areas. However, a small-mammal model has been badly needed to better understand and assess mechanisms, vaccines, and interventions. We report a murine model of ETEC diarrhea, weight loss, and enteropathy and investigate the role of zinc in the outcomes. ETEC strains producing heat-labile toxins (LT) and heat-stable toxins (ST) that were given to weaned C57BL/6 mice after antibiotic disruption of normal microbiota caused growth impairment, watery diarrhea, heavy stool shedding, and mild to moderate intestinal inflammation, the latter being worse with zinc deficiency. Zinc treatment promoted growth in zinc-deficient infected mice, and subinhibitory levels of zinc reduced expression of ETEC virulence genes cfa1, cexE, sta2, and degP but not of eltA in vitro Zinc supplementation increased shedding and the ileal burden of wild-type (WT) ETEC but decreased shedding and the tissue burden of LT knockout (LTKO) ETEC. LTKO ETEC-infected mice had delayed disease onset and also had less inflammation by fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) assessment. These findings provide a new murine model of ETEC infection that can help elucidate mechanisms of growth, diarrhea, and inflammatory responses as well as potential vaccines and interventions.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Bolick DT,Medeiros PHQS,Ledwaba SE,Lima AAM,Nataro JP,Barry EM,Guerrant RLdoi
10.1128/IAI.00183-18subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-21 00:00:00issue
7eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522pii
IAI.00183-18journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Inactivation of sortase gene srtA in Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R6 caused the release of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase A (NanA) from the cell wall into the surrounding medium. Both of these surface proteins contain the LPXTG motif in the C-terminal domain. Complementation with plasmid-borne srtA reversed p...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.5.2758-2765.2003
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility that gonococcal energy might play a role in the interaction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells was examined. Respiratory chain inhibitors including KCN and amobarbital resulted in reduction in gonococcal association with human neutrophils. Similar results were seen wi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.3.785-790.1989
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a hydrogen peroxide-generating enzyme that uses a D-amino acid as a substrate. We hypothesized that DAO may protect against bacterial infection, because hydrogen peroxide is one of the most important molecules in the antibacterial defense systems in mammals. We show here that DAO suppress...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.06214-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conjunctival infection of guinea pigs by the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis confers immunity. However, the mechanism of resistance to this intracellular pathogen is not yet defined. In the study reported here, serum immunoglobulin was passively transferred with resultant titers in excess of th...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.7.4.597-599.1973
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen freshly isolated strains of Streptococcus sanguis were obtained from the dental plaque of five healthy adults. Whole saliva was collected concomitant with the plaque isolates from the five subjects, and a second whole saliva sample was collected 10 weeks later. All possible combinations of the first five sali...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.26.3.1104-1110.1979
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature on chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis contains multiple reports which suggest that loss of cell-mediated immunity in this disease may be related in part to the presence of an inhibitory factor(s) present in patient plasma. One such inhibitory factor has been suggested to be mannan polysaccharide released...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.43.3.1041-1046.1984
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A set of strain- and size-variant highly immunogenic membrane surface protein antigens of Mycoplasma bovis, which has been identified by a monoclonal antibody, is shown in this report to make up a family of antigenically and structurally related lipid-modified proteins, designated Vsps (variable surface proteins). By ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.11.5075-5084.1994
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the ability of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B to induce vaccine-specific antibody and spleen cell proliferative responses in mice after being administered intranasally (i.n.) and/or subcutaneously (s.c.). A series of four weekly i.n. doses (25 microg) with...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.8.5010-5015.2001
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antigen-specific T-cell responses and histopathological changes were studied in mice experimentally inoculated with Borrelia burgdorferi B31. Inbred mice with different H-2 haplotypes and/or different genetic backgrounds were inoculated with B. burgdorferi organisms and tested for antigen-specific T-cell responses in ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.1.41-47.1989
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of macrophages, relying on the presence of a conjugative virulence plasmid harboring a 21-kb pathogenicity island (PAI) for growth in host macrophages. The PAI encodes a family of 6 virulence-associated proteins (Vaps) in addition to 20 other proteins. The contr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00230-15
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell wall lytic enzyme (Kyowa lytic no. 2 enzyme) liberated arthritogenic hydrosoluble peptidoglycans from both arthritogenic and non-arthritogenic bacterial cell walls. From these cell walls, mutanolysin (peptidoglycan-degrading enzyme) also liberated hydrosoluble peptidoglycans which, however, lacked arthritogenicit...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.16.3.861-866.1977
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct instillation of coxsackievirus B1 into the gastrointestinal tracts of albino mice caused viremia in more than 85% of the animals within 1 day. In pregnant mice infected early in gestation (7 days), the geometric mean titer of virus in the blood was lower (P = 0.02) and the duration of viremia was shorter (P = 0...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.37.1.222-226.1982
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We utilized magnetic resonance imaging to visualize lesions in the lungs of guinea pigs infected by low-dose aerosol exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lesions were prominent in such images, and colorized three-dimensional reconstructions of images revealed a very uniform distribution in the lungs. Lesion numbers...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.10.5963-5971.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brucella spp. are gram-negative intracellular pathogens that survive and multiply within phagocytic cells of their hosts. Smooth organisms present O polysaccharides (OPS) on their surface. These OPS help the bacteria avoid the bactericidal action of serum. The wboA gene, coding for the enzyme glycosyltransferase, is e...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.7.4407-4416.2001
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Citrobacter rodentium, an attaching-effacing bacterial pathogen, establishes an acute infection of the murine colonic epithelium and induces a mild colitis in immunocompetent mice. This study describes the role of T-cell subsets and B lymphocytes in immunity to C. rodentium. C57Bl/6 mice orally infected with C. rodent...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.9.5077-5086.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously described a new system for the delivery of recombinant antigens in live Salmonella vaccines as genetic fusions to the C terminus of fragment C of tetanus toxin (TetC) driven by the anaerobically inducible nirB promoter. It has been reported that preimmunization with tetanus toxoid (TT) can suppress ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.7.2564-2569.1995
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane and soluble fractions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. pulmonis, and M. laidlawii B were prepared by hypotonic lysis of whole cells. The membranes of M. pneumoniae and M. laidlawii B contained, as percentage of dry weight: 34 to 37% protein, 59 to 61% lipid, 3 to 4% carbohydrate as hexose, and 0.2% ribonucleic ac...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.2.3.326-339.1970
更新日期:1970-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::At pH 7.4 and in the presence of NaHCO3, human milk and bovine colostrum inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O111. Adding sufficient iron to saturate the iron-binding capacity of the lactoferrin present in the milk or colostrum prevented bacteriostasis. At pH 6.8 neither molk nor colostrum inhibited E. coli 0111....
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.15.2.396-401.1977
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common after renal transplantation, and cytomegaloviruria occurs in about two-thirds of the recipients. These observations suggest that the allografts may be a site of latent infection with CMV and its reactivation may be the source of viruria. To investigate this possibility, 130 ki...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.2.699-703.1978
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chlamydial cryptic plasmid encodes eight putative open reading frames (ORFs), designated pORF1 to -8. Antibodies raised against these ORF proteins were used to localize the endogenous proteins during chlamydial infection. We found that the pORF5 protein (also known as pgp3) was detected mainly in the cytosol of Ch...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01377-07
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida albicans is a commensal organism that under certain circumstances can become pathogenic. During systemic infection C. albicans is disseminated via the circulation to distant organs, where it causes multiple organ failure. Despite the severity of systemic C. albicans infection, little is known about the mechani...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00518-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have suggested that interleukin-4 (IL-4) has a protective effect in host defense to Borrelia burgdorferi infection, both in limiting the severity of arthritis and in controlling spirochete numbers in tissues, and a mapping study revealed suggestive linkage to a cluster of genes on mouse chromosome 11,...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.10.5603-5609.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been reported that Neisseria gonorrhoeae possesses a very high level of catalase activity, but the regulation of catalase expression has not been investigated extensively. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, it has been demonstrated that OxyR is a positive regulator of hydrogen pero...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.1.550-556.2003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals living in areas where malaria is endemic are repeatedly exposed to many different malaria parasite antigens. Studies on naturally acquired antibody-mediated immunity to clinical malaria have largely focused on the presence of responses to individual antigens and their associations with decreased morbidity....
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01585-07
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-toxin, the major cytolysin of Staphylococcus aureus, preferentially attacks human platelets and cultured monocytes, thereby promoting coagulation and the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Titers of naturally occurring antibodies in human blood are not high enough to substantially inhibit these ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.10.3214-3220.1989
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We identified a gene (atlA) encoding autolytic activity from Streptococcus mutans Xc. The AtlA protein predicted to be encoded by atlA is composed of 979 amino acids with a molecular weight of 107,279 and has a conserved beta-1,4-N-acetylmuramidase (lysozyme) domain in the C-terminal portion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate ex...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.6.3512-3520.2005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes, there is a profound depletion of T (Thy-1+ Ig-) lymphocytes between days 1 and 4, followed by an increase in T cells to three times normal levels by day 9. The recovery of T cell numbers required cell proliferation, being sensitive to vinblastin and cyclophosph...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.38.2.694-698.1982
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antiinflammatory cytokine response during urosepsis was determined by measurement of concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) types I and II, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII), and interleukin 10 in sera and urine of 30 patients with cultur...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.8.3527-3534.1998
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two published sequences of the pertussis toxin operon differ in 3 bp in the S1 subunit gene. In this report, we provide evidence that Bordetella pertussis strains are able to produce active pertussis toxin only when they contain one of the two possible nucleotide sequences. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.3.1177-1179.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult murine models of Cryptosporidium infection involving Cryptosporidium muris and C. parvum were used to study immunity to cryptosporidiosis in the mammalian host. Immunocompetent BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice developed a highly patent infection with the RN 66 strain of C. muris but overcame the infection and were immune ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.8.3325-3331.1992
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00