Abstract:
:On the basis of immunological results, it is not in doubt that the immune system is able to recognize and eliminate transformed cells. A plethora of studies have investigated the immune system of patients with cancer and how it is prone to immunosuppression, due in part to the decrease in lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic activity. The series of experiments published following the demonstration by Dr Allison's group of the potential effect of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) paved the way for a new perception in cancer immunotherapy: Immune checkpoints. Several T cell‑co-stimulatory molecules including cluster of differentiation (CD)28, inducible T cell co-stimulatory, 4-1BB, OX40, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related gene and CD27, and inhibitory molecules including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cells activation, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain, and B and T lymphocyte attenuator have been described in regulating T cell functions, and have been demonstrated to be essential targets in immunotherapy. In preclinical studies, glioblastoma multiforme, a high-grade glioma, the monotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 resulted in increased survival times. An improved understanding of the pharmacodynamics and immune monitoring on glioma cancers, particularly in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), an orphan type of cancer, is expected to have a major contribution to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. On the basis of the recent preclinical and clinical studies of glioma, but not of DIPG, the present review makes a claim for the importance of investigating the tumor microenvironment, the immune response and the use of immune checkpoints (agonists or antagonists) in preclinical/clinical DIPG samples by immune monitoring approaches and high-dimensional analysis. Evaluating the potential predictive and correlative biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies may assist in answering certain crucial questions that may be useful to improve the clinical response in patients with DIPG.
journal_name
Int J Oncoljournal_title
International journal of oncologyauthors
Scutti JABdoi
10.3892/ijo.2018.4283subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
1041-1056issue
4eissn
1019-6439issn
1791-2423journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), often used in combination with levofolene (LF), can induce, as an important side effect, the hand-foot syndrome (HFS) due to toxicity on keratinocytes. This can also damage workers involved in its handling. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of the toxicity induced by 5-FU alon...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.2904
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optimal conditions have been defined to grow primary cultures of malignant melanoma suitable for in vitro pharmacological studies. A feasibility of primary cultures was observed in 60% of 62 clinical melanoma lymph node metastases. The neoplastic nature of the cells grown in culture, as assessed by the highly specific...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.1.6.619
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer‑related deaths in woman and the incidence of the disease has increased worldwide, in part due to improvements in early detection. Several drugs with anticancer effects have been extracted from plants in the last 20 years, many of which are particularly effective against brea...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
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doi:10.3892/ijo.2014.2302
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abstract::Myofibroblasts in the stroma of pancreatic cancers promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis by increasing extracellular matrix and secretion of several growth factors. In contrast, the role of myofibroblasts at peritoneally disseminated sites of pancreatic cancer has not yet been determined. This study was...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2014.2391
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-2 (IL-2) which has no cross-resistance with chemotherapy, has given responses in tumors resistant to chemotherapy, and shown to be more effective when tumor burden is low. 13-cis retinoic acid (RA) has immunomodulatory properties, potentially synergistic with IL-2. The objective of this pilot phase II stud...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
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abstract::CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) is a cyclin-dependent kinase subunit (CKS) family member that participates in cell cycle regulation. Few studies have investigated its involvement in gastric cancer. In this study, we focused on the clinical and biological significance of CKS2 over-expression in gastric...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
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doi:10.3892/ijo.2011.1056
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abstract::Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer for which more effective treatments are needed. In this study, strong to moderate staining of MET and ERK5 was detected in 67.1 and 48% of the analyzed 73 human mesothelioma tumors, and significant correlation of MET and ERK5 expression was identified (P<0.0...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2017.4021
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between p53 point mutation and patient survival was examined in 328 colorectal cancer patients. Point mutation was detected in 51% (166/328) of cases and was associated with a poorer prognosis in univariate and multivariate analysis. However, subcohort analysis showed that this relationship was restri...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.15.3.491
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that podophyllotoxin acetate (PA) radiosensitizes NCI-H460 cells. Here, we confirmed that PA treatment also induces cell death among two other non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: NCI-H1299 and A549 cells (IC50 values = 7.6 and 16.1 nM, respectively). Our experiments further showed tha...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.3123
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 90% of all pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). PDAC is a highly aggressive malignancy and is one of the deadliest. This poor clinical outcome is due to the prominent resistance of pancreatic cancer to drug and radiation therapies. Regucalcin plays a pivotal role as a suppress...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2016.3409
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum ferritin is elevated in many cancers. Using the subtraction-enhanced display technique, we isolated several cDNA clones including ferritin-H which is overexpressed in rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine. We investigated hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of ferritin-H in patients wi...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.11.1.187
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer (PanC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, and resistance towards gemcitabine, the front-line chemotherapy, is the main cause for dismal rate of survival in PanC patients; overcoming this resistance remains a major challenge to treat this deadly malignancy. Whereas several molecular mechanisms ar...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.2885
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A slowly proliferating cell fraction in tumors shows reduced sensitivity to cell cycle-dependent anticancer agents. To understand the molecular basis of drug resistance observed in brain tumors, we examined the relationship between alteration of p16, a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor whose functions are frequently l...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.17.3.501
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-bearing mice with two different locally growing malignant tumors (epithelial like, MCG 101; malignant melanoma, K1735-M2) were used to evaluate the putative role of prostaglandins for survival and local tumor growth in experimental cancer. Daily systemic injections of indomethacin (1 mu g/g bw) were used to bloc...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.7.6.1405
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are potentially mutagenic/carcinogenic lesions. Induction of DSBs triggers phosphorylation of histone H2AX on Ser-139. Phosphorylated H2AX (gammaH2AX) can be detected immunocytochemically, and the intensity of gammaH2AX immunofluorescence (IF), reflecting the number of gammaH2AX-IF foci...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult to diagnose early, resulting in only 30% resection rate. HCC is a relatively chemo-resistant tumor, molecular targeted therapy can only benefit approximately 30% patients with liver cancer. Bufalin (Bu) is one of the topoisomerase II inhibitors, many studies have recently fo...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2016.3667
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide or interferon-gamma have been shown to be cytotoxic to tumor cells by releasing nitric oxide. Here, we report that unstimulated rat alveolar macrophages cultured with certain tumor cells produce nitric oxide and are cytotoxic to these tumor cells. Alveolar macrophages were t...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2.6.1053
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although epidemiological studies have suggested a positive correlation between environmental radon exposure and prostate cancer, the mechanism involved is not clear. In the present study, we examined the oncogenic transforming potency of alpha-particles using non-tumorigenic, telomerase-immortalized human benign prost...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of different human MDR (multidrug-resistant) cell lines including a HeLa-MDR1 transfectant which exhibit high overexpression of the MDR1/P-glycoprotein gene, but no enhanced expression of the MRP (multidrug resistance associated protein) gene, showed different ratios of relative resistances to the taxanes tax...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.8.5.951
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.2964
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abstract::Epidemiologic studies on the protective role of omega-3 fatty acids (n:3) on breast cancer prevention remain inconclusive but studies in preclinical models provide more positive outcome. However, the mechanisms accounting for the protective effect of n:3 are not defined. In the present study, conducted in the N-methyl...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2011.1133
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journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.11.6.1185
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RON receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) play a role in epithelial tumorigenesis. We report here a novel RON variant that antagonizes the RON-MSP pathway in various cancer cells. The variant is an 85 kDa soluble protein from an mRNA transcript with an insertion of 49 nucleot...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo_00000642
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy-two archival specimens of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for HER2 gene status. Gene amplification and concomitant protein overexpression were detected in 15.2% of cases. Intratumor topographical variability of HER2 amplification was ...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced expression of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27, has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of p27 in ovarian cancer development and progression. Immunohistochemical expression of p27 was determined using 1...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.18.5.953
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we have investigated a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and simultaneous hyperthermia (HT) on osteosarcoma (HOSM-1) cells, squamous cell carcinoma (KB) cells and fibroblasts (HF), including an assessment of the differences in the sensitivity of these cel...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two mouse HPV16-transformed cell lines, viz. MK16 cells, which induce metastasizing tumors, and TC-1 cells, which induce non-metastasizing tumors were transduced with the gene for mouse endostatin. Two clones constitutively expressing endostatin were isolated from each of them. They were denoted ME3 and ME9, and TE2 a...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo_00000331
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate STK15 amplification in histologically benign urothelium and invasive tumor tissue of urothelial bladder cancer patients in relation to clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics, and to analyze a hypothesized association between the STK15 single nucleotide polymorphism at ...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue samples from a malignant melanoma of the anal canal and its local metastasis were short-term cultured and analyzed cytogenetically. Complex chromosome aberrations were found in the primary tumor, yielding the karyotype 49-50,X,-Y,der(1)t(1;13)(q44;q12),+der(2)t(2;8) (q31;q12),der(6)t(5;6)(q13;q21),+del(6)(q12q2...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.6.3.555
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen tension measurements were made in three tumors: (i) the murine FSaII fibrosarcoma, (ii) the rat 9L gliosarcoma and (iii) the rat 13672 mammary adenocarcinoma using a pO2 histograph. Tumor oxygenation measurements were made while the animals breathed air or breathed carbogen (95% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide). Pento...
journal_title:International journal of oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3892/ijo.2.1.13
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00