Abstract:
:Bipolaron states, in which two electrons or two holes occupy a single molecule or conjugated polymer segment, are typically considered to be negligible in organic semiconductor devices due to Coulomb repulsion between the two charges. Here we use charge modulation spectroscopy to reveal a bipolaron sheet density >1010 cm-2 at the interface between an indium tin oxide anode and the common small molecule organic semiconductor N,N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine. We find that the magnetocurrent response of hole-only devices correlates closely with changes in the bipolaron concentration, supporting the bipolaron model of unipolar organic magnetoresistance and suggesting that it may be more of an interface than a bulk phenomenon. These results are understood on the basis of a quantitative interface energy level alignment model, which indicates that bipolarons are generally expected to be significant near contacts in the Fermi level pinning regime and thus may be more prevalent in organic electronic devices than previously thought.
journal_name
Nat Communjournal_title
Nature communicationsauthors
Dhanker R,Gray CL,Mukhopadhyay S,Nunez S,Cheng CY,Sokolov AN,Giebink NCdoi
10.1038/s41467-017-02459-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-21 00:00:00pages
2252issue
1issn
2041-1723pii
10.1038/s41467-017-02459-3journal_volume
8pub_type
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