Structure of tumour necrosis factor.

abstract：:The Pax-6 transcription-factor gene, containing a paired domain and a paired-type homeodomain, is conserved in structure and ubiquitously present among Metazoa. It is required for development of the central nervous system, and is mutated in human aniridia, mouse and rat small eye and Drosophila eyeless. We identified ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang Y,Emmons SW

更新日期：1995-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteolysis is essential for the execution of many cellular functions. These include removal of incorrectly folded or damaged proteins, the activation of transcription factors, the ordered degradation of proteins involved in cell cycle control, and the generation of peptides destined for presentation by class I molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Glas R,Bogyo M,McMaster JS,Gaczynska M,Ploegh HL

更新日期：1998-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum computation, a paradigm of computing that is completely different from classical methods, benefits from theoretically proved speed-ups for certain problems and can be used to study the properties of quantum systems1. Yet, because of the inherently fragile nature of the physical computing elements (qubits), ach...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kandala A,Temme K,Córcoles AD,Mezzacapo A,Chow JM,Gambetta JM

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural products containing phosphorus-carbon bonds have found widespread use in medicine and agriculture. One such compound, phosphinothricin tripeptide, contains the unusual amino acid phosphinothricin attached to two alanine residues. Synthetic phosphinothricin (glufosinate) is a component of two top-selling herbic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cicchillo RM,Zhang H,Blodgett JA,Whitteck JT,Li G,Nair SK,van der Donk WA,Metcalf WW

更新日期：2009-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Neurotoxins bind to cholinergic receptor, block transmission, and induce sprouting of retinal terminals in the toad tectum. New connections retain an orderliness that suggests a selective affinity between presynaptic terminals. The results suggest that postsynaptic cells exert a control, associated with receptor...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Freeman JA

更新日期：1977-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A complex between HLA-DR3 and a fragment of invariant chain called CLIP was isolated from a human cell line defective in antigen presentation and its X-ray crystal structure determined. Previous data indicate that this complex is an intermediate in class II histocompatibility maturation, occurring between invariant ch...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ghosh P,Amaya M,Mellins E,Wiley DC

更新日期：1995-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence has provided a paradigmatic framework for understanding the successive somatic genetic changes and consequent clonal expansions that lead to cancer1. However, our understanding of the earliest phases of colorectal neoplastic changes-which may occur in morphologically normal ti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee-Six H,Olafsson S,Ellis P,Osborne RJ,Sanders MA,Moore L,Georgakopoulos N,Torrente F,Noorani A,Goddard M,Robinson P,Coorens THH,O'Neill L,Alder C,Wang J,Fitzgerald RC,Zilbauer M,Coleman N,Saeb-Parsy K,Martincorena

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous mutations are the source of genetic variation required for evolutionary change, and are therefore important for many aspects of evolutionary biology. For example, the divergence between taxa at neutrally evolving sites in the genome is proportional to the per nucleotide mutation rate, u (ref. 1), and this ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haag-Liautard C,Dorris M,Maside X,Macaskill S,Halligan DL,Houle D,Charlesworth B,Keightley PD

更新日期：2007-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Only three elements are ferromagnetic at room temperature: the transition metals iron, cobalt and nickel. The Stoner criterion explains why iron is ferromagnetic but manganese, for example, is not, even though both elements have an unfilled 3d shell and are adjacent in the periodic table: according to this criterion, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ma'Mari FA,Moorsom T,Teobaldi G,Deacon W,Prokscha T,Luetkens H,Lee S,Sterbinsky GE,Arena DA,MacLaren DA,Flokstra M,Ali M,Wheeler MC,Burnell G,Hickey BJ,Cespedes O

更新日期：2015-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is a synthetic chemical identified by the US Department of Agriculture in 1946 in a screen for repellents to protect soldiers from mosquito-borne diseases1,2. Since its discovery, DEET has become the world's most widely used arthropod repellent and is effective against invertebrates s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dennis EJ,Dobosiewicz M,Jin X,Duvall LB,Hartman PS,Bargmann CI,Vosshall LB

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Secretory-protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is thought to be catalysed by integral membrane proteins. Genetic selections uncovered three Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (SEC61, SEC62 and SEC63), mutations in which block import of precursor proteins into the ER lumen in vivo and in vitro. The DNA...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deshaies RJ,Sanders SL,Feldheim DA,Schekman R

更新日期：1991-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) is a common feature of cancer genomes, leading to loss of heterozygosity. aUPD is associated not only with loss-of-function mutations of tumour suppressor genes, but also with gain-of-function mutations of proto-oncogenes. Here we show unique gain-of-function mutations of the C-CBL (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sanada M,Suzuki T,Shih LY,Otsu M,Kato M,Yamazaki S,Tamura A,Honda H,Sakata-Yanagimoto M,Kumano K,Oda H,Yamagata T,Takita J,Gotoh N,Nakazaki K,Kawamata N,Onodera M,Nobuyoshi M,Hayashi Y,Harada H,Kurokawa M,Chiba

更新日期：2009-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The RNA polymerase II general transcription factor TFIIH is composed of several polypeptides. The observation that the largest subunit of TFIIH is the excision-repair protein XPB/ERCC3 (ref. 1), a helicase implicated in the human DNA-repair disorders xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne's syndrome, suggests a funct...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Drapkin R,Reardon JT,Ansari A,Huang JC,Zawel L,Ahn K,Sancar A,Reinberg D

更新日期：1994-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The three-dimensional structure of intact human rhinovirus 14 (HRV-14) complexed with Fab fragments (Fab17-IA) from a strongly neutralizing antibody that binds bivalently to the virion has been determined to 4.0 angstrom resolution by a combination of X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. In contradictio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Smith TJ,Chase ES,Schmidt TJ,Olson NH,Baker TS

更新日期：1996-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of cis-regulatory sequences have been annotated in the human genome, but defining their target genes remains a challenge. One strategy is to identify the long-range looping interactions at these elements with the use of chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based techniques. However, previous studies lac...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jin F,Li Y,Dixon JR,Selvaraj S,Ye Z,Lee AY,Yen CA,Schmitt AD,Espinoza CA,Ren B

更新日期：2013-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:At most synapses in the brain, short-term plasticity dynamically modulates synaptic strength. Rapid frequency-dependent changes in synaptic strength have key roles in sensory adaptation, gain control and many other neural computations. However, some auditory, vestibular and cerebellar synapses maintain constant streng...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Turecek J,Jackman SL,Regehr WG

更新日期：2017-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleotide reductase, an essential enzyme for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides, is formed by the association of two nonidentical subunits in almost all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The same model probably holds for the herpes simplex virus (HSV)-encoded ribonucleotide reductase; two polypeptides of relat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cohen EA,Gaudreau P,Brazeau P,Langelier Y

更新日期：1986-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is the only satellite in the Solar System with a substantial atmosphere. The atmosphere is poorly understood and obscures the surface, leading to intense speculation about Titan's nature. Here we present observations of Titan from the imaging science experiment onboard the Cassini sp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Porco CC,Baker E,Barbara J,Beurle K,Brahic A,Burns JA,Charnoz S,Cooper N,Dawson DD,Del Genio AD,Denk T,Dones L,Dyudina U,Evans MW,Fussner S,Giese B,Grazier K,Helfenstein P,Ingersoll AP,Jacobson RA,Johnson TV,McE

更新日期：2005-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gulf Stream transports approximately 31 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) of water and 1.3 x 10(15) W of heat into the North Atlantic ocean. The possibility of abrupt changes in Gulf Stream heat transport is one of the key uncertainties in predictions of climate change for the coming centuries. Given the limited length...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lund DC,Lynch-Stieglitz J,Curry WB

更新日期：2006-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:TMV RNA is not an efficient template for translation of the viral coat protein, in spite of containing nucleotide sequences coding for the protein. Efficient translation requires the prior synthesis within infected cells of a smaller RNA carrying only a portion of the information encoded in the whole genome. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hunter TR,Hunt T,Knowland J,Zimmern D

更新日期：1976-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Marouli E,Graff M,Medina-Gomez C,Lo KS,Wood AR,Kjaer TR,Fine RS,Lu Y,Schurmann C,Highland HM,Rüeger S,Thorleifsson G,Justice AE,Lamparter D,Stirrups KE,Turcot V,Young KL,Winkler TW,Esko T,Karaderi T,Locke AE,Mas

更新日期：2017-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:When an intense laser pulse is focused into a gas, the light-atom interaction that occurs as atoms are ionized results in an extremely nonlinear optical process--the generation of high harmonics of the driving laser frequency. Harmonics that extend up to orders of about 300 have been reported, some corresponding to ph...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bartels R,Backus S,Zeek E,Misoguti L,Vdovin G,Christov IP,Murnane MM,Kapteyn HC

更新日期：2000-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypermethylation is associated with the silencing of tumour susceptibility genes in several forms of cancer; however, the mechanisms responsible for this aberrant methylation are poorly understood. The prototypic DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, has been widely assumed to be responsible for most of the methylation of the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rhee I,Jair KW,Yen RW,Lengauer C,Herman JG,Kinzler KW,Vogelstein B,Baylin SB,Schuebel KE

更新日期：2000-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Mountain glaciers and ice caps are contributing significantly to present rates of sea level rise and will continue to do so over the next century and beyond. The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, located off the northwestern shore of Greenland, contains one-third of the global volume of land ice outside the ice sheets, but...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gardner AS,Moholdt G,Wouters B,Wolken GJ,Burgess DO,Sharp MJ,Cogley JG,Braun C,Labine C

更新日期：2011-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schiermeier Q

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Kyoto Protocol permits countries to meet part of their emission reduction obligations by cutting back on gases other than CO2 (ref. 1). This approach requires a definition of trade-offs among the radiatively active gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has suggested global warming potentials for thi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Manne AS,Richels RG

更新日期：2001-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the discovery of insulin nearly 70 years ago, there has been no problem more fundamental to diabetes research than understanding how insulin works at the cellular level. Insulin binds to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor which activates the tyrosine kinase in the beta subunit, but the molecular events li...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sun XJ,Rothenberg P,Kahn CR,Backer JM,Araki E,Wilden PA,Cahill DA,Goldstein BJ,White MF

更新日期：1991-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The electronic properties of heterostructures of atomically thin van der Waals crystals can be modified substantially by moiré superlattice potentials from an interlayer twist between crystals1,2. Moiré tuning of the band structure has led to the recent discovery of superconductivity3,4 and correlated insulating phase...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kerelsky A,McGilly LJ,Kennes DM,Xian L,Yankowitz M,Chen S,Watanabe K,Taniguchi T,Hone J,Dean C,Rubio A,Pasupathy AN

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The B cells of the immune system, which secrete antibodies against foreign antigens, are fully specific and effective only after maturation in lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. Immunocompetent T cells play a crucial part in this process, but the molecular details of the way in which the two cell types interact h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clark EA,Ledbetter JA

更新日期：1994-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A DNA probe from a human Y chromosome-derived cosmid detects a single-copy genomic DNA fragment which can appear in different allelic forms shared by both sex chromosomes. Variants at this DNA locus show an autosomal pattern of inheritance, undergo recombination with sexual phenotype and can therefore be described as ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Simmler MC,Rouyer F,Vergnaud G,Nyström-Lahti M,Ngo KY,de la Chapelle A,Weissenbach J

更新日期：1985-10-24 00:00:00