Abstract:
:The competition between bimolecular nucleophilic substitution and base-induced elimination is of fundamental importance for the synthesis of pure samples in organic chemistry. Many factors that influence this competition have been identified over the years, but the underlying atomistic dynamics have remained difficult to observe. We present product velocity distributions for a series of reactive collisions of the type X- + RY with X and Y denoting the halogen atoms fluorine, chlorine and iodine. By increasing the size of the residue R from methyl to tert-butyl in several steps, we find that the dynamics drastically change from backward to dominant forward scattering of the leaving ion relative to the reactant RY velocity. This characteristic fingerprint is also confirmed by direct dynamics simulations for ethyl as residue and attributed to the dynamics of elimination reactions. This work opens the door to a detailed atomistic understanding of transformation reactions in even larger systems.The competition between chemical reactions critically affects our natural environment and the synthesis of new materials. Here, the authors present an approach to directly image distinct fingerprints of essential organic reactions and monitor their competition as a function of steric substitution.
journal_name
Nat Communjournal_title
Nature communicationsauthors
Carrascosa E,Meyer J,Zhang J,Stei M,Michaelsen T,Hase WL,Yang L,Wester Rdoi
10.1038/s41467-017-00065-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-21 00:00:00pages
25issue
1issn
2041-1723pii
10.1038/s41467-017-00065-xjournal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Variation in body iron is associated with or causes diseases, including anaemia and iron overload. Here, we analyse genetic association data on biochemical markers of iron status from 11 European-population studies, with replication in eight additional cohorts (total up to 48,972 subjects). We find 11 genome-wide-sign...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms5926
更新日期:2014-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Distinct subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors can segregate to specific synaptic inputs in a given neuron. Using functional mapping by focal glutamate uncaging in CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs), we observe that kainate receptors (KARs) are strictly confined to the postsynaptic elements of mossy fibre (mf) synapses an...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms12738
更新日期:2016-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Research on surface plasmon resonance coupling of metallic nanostructures is an important area in the field of plasmonics because distinctive collective optical properties can be realized that are different from the individual constituents. Here we report the localized surface plasmon resonance of hybrid metal-organic...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03453-z
更新日期:2018-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Although environmental selection and spatial separation have been shown to shape the distribution and abundance of marine microorganisms, the effects of advection (physical transport) have not been directly tested. Here we examine 25 samples covering all major water masses of the Southern Ocean to determine the effect...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms3457
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a key regulatory step in gene transcription. Recently, the little elongation complex (LEC)-which contains the transcription elongation factor ELL/EAF-was found to be required for the transcription of Pol II-dependent small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms6941
更新日期:2015-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::While free electrons in metals respond to ultrafast excitation with refractive index changes on femtosecond time scales, typical relaxation mechanisms occur over several picoseconds, governed by electron-phonon energy exchange rates. Here, we propose tailoring these intrinsic rates by engineering a non-uniform electro...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10840-7
更新日期:2019-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::There is no agnostic GWAS evidence for the genetic control of IL-1β expression in periodontal disease. Here we report a GWAS for "high" gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β expression among 4910 European-American adults and identify association signals in the IL37 locus. rs3811046 at this locus (p = 3.3 × 10-22) is associa...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05940-9
更新日期:2018-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::The rapidly increasing use of sensors throughout different research disciplines and the demand for more efficient devices with less power consumption depends critically on the emergence of new sensor materials and novel sensor concepts. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides have a huge potential for sensor ...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms14776
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Spectrally-selective monitoring of ultraviolet radiations (UVR) is of paramount importance across diverse fields, including effective monitoring of excessive solar exposure. Current UV sensors cannot differentiate between UVA, B, and C, each of which has a remarkably different impact on human health. Here we show spec...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06273-3
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudo-topotactic conversion of carbon nanotubes into one-dimensional carbon nanowires is a challenging but feasible path to obtain desired diameters and morphologies. Here, a previously predicted but experimentally unobserved carbon allotrope, T-carbon, has been produced from pseudo-topotactic conversion of a multi-w...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00817-9
更新日期:2017-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::The 26S proteasome is the primary machinery that degrades ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugated proteins, including many proteotoxic proteins implicated in neurodegeneraton. It has been suggested that the elevation of proteasomal activity is tolerable to cells and may be beneficial to prevent the accumulation of protein aggregate...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms6633
更新日期:2014-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers strive to produce nanoparticles with complexity in composition and structure. Although traditional spherical, cylindrical and membranous, or planar, nanostructures are ubiquitous, scientists seek more complicated geometries for potential functionality. Here we report the simple solution construction of mul...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms3297
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cladodontomorph sharks are Palaeozoic stem chondrichthyans thought to go extinct at the end-Permian mass extinction. This extinction preceded the diversification of euselachians, including modern sharks. Here we describe an outer-platform cladodontomorph shark tooth assemblage from the Early Cretaceous of southern Fra...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms3669
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension induces structural remodelling of arteries, which leads to arteriosclerosis and end-organ damage. Hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and infiltration of immune cells are the hallmark of hypertensive arterial remodelling. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of arterial remodelling re...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms7241
更新日期:2015-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Ferromagnetism is usually deemed incompatible with superconductivity. Consequently, the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism is usually observed only in elegantly designed multi-ingredient structures in which the two competing electronic states originate from separate structural components. Here we repo...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms11210
更新日期:2016-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Discarding by fisheries is perceived as contrary to responsible harvesting. Legislation seeking to end the practice is being introduced in many jurisdictions. However, discarded fish are food for a range of scavenging species; so, ending discarding may have ecological consequences. Here we investigate the sensitivity ...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms4893
更新日期:2014-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc-finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) are becoming major tools for genome editing. Importantly, knock-in in several non-rodent species has been finally achieved thanks to these custo...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms10548
更新日期:2016-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy perturbation represents an emerging therapeutic strategy in cancer. Although LATS1 and LATS2 kinases, core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway, have been shown to exert tumor suppressive activities, here we report a pro-survival role of LATS1 but not LATS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Speci...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13591-7
更新日期:2019-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolism is coordinated among tissues and organs via neuronal signals. Levels of circulating amino acids (AAs), which are elevated in obesity, activate the intracellular target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1)/S6kinase (S6K) pathway in the liver. Here we demonstrate that hepatic AA/mTORC1/S6K signalling modulates sys...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms8940
更新日期:2015-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of the complete set of translated genes of viruses is important to understand viral replication and pathogenesis as well as for therapeutic approaches to control viral infection. Here, we use chemical proteomics, integrating bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging and high-resolution mass spectr...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18718-9
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::The Arctic marine biome, shrinking with increasing temperature and receding sea-ice cover, is tightly connected to lower latitudes through the North Atlantic. By flowing northward through the European Arctic Corridor (the main Arctic gateway where 80% of in- and outflow takes place), the North Atlantic Waters transpor...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15485-5
更新日期:2020-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Striated muscle contraction is regulated by the translocation of troponin-tropomyosin strands over the thin filament surface. Relaxation relies partly on highly-favorable, conformation-dependent electrostatic contacts between actin and tropomyosin, which position tropomyosin such that it impedes actomyosin association...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15922-5
更新日期:2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitive detection of protein interactions and post-translational modifications of native proteins is a challenge for research and diagnostic purposes. A method for this, which could be used in point-of-care devices and high-throughput screening, should be reliable, cost effective and robust. To achieve this, here we...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms8294
更新日期:2015-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of fractionalized excitations, such as Majorana quasi-particles, would be a striking signal of the realization of exotic quantum states of matter. While the paramount demonstration of such excitations would be a probe of their non-Abelian statistics via controlled braiding operations, alternative pr...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms12280
更新日期:2016-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::HOXA9 and MEIS1 have essential oncogenic roles in mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL)-rearranged leukaemia. Here we show that they are direct targets of miRNA-196b, a microRNA (miRNA) located adjacent to and co-expressed with HOXA9, in MLL-rearranged leukaemic cells. Forced expression of miR-196b significantly delays MLL-fu...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms1681
更新日期:2012-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Using asymmetric catalysis to simultaneously form carbon-carbon bonds and generate single isomer products is strategically important. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is widely used in the academic and industrial sectors to synthesize drugs, agrochemicals and biologically active and advanced materials. However, widely ap...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms15762
更新日期:2017-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Doping is a primary tool for the modification of the properties of materials. Occlusion of guest molecules in crystals generally reduces their symmetry by the creation of polar domains, which engender polarization and pyroelectricity in the doped crystals. Here we describe a molecular-level determination of the struct...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms13351
更新日期:2016-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::The reconstruction of human-driven, Earth-shaping dynamics is important for understanding past human/environment interactions and for helping human societies that currently face global changes. However, it is often challenging to distinguish the effects of the climate from human activities on environmental changes. He...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms4211
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11801-w
更新日期:2019-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent maturation of IL-1β have been implicated in acute lung injury (ALI), resulting in inflammation and fibrosis. We investigated the role of vimentin, a type III intermediate filament, in this process using three well-characterized murine models of ALI known to require N...
journal_title:Nature communications
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncomms7574
更新日期:2015-03-12 00:00:00