Abstract:
:Formin family proteins (formins) represent an evolutionary conserved protein family encoded in the genome of a wide range of eukaryotes. Formins are hallmarked by a formin homology 1 (FH1) domain juxtaposed to an FH2 domain whereby they control actin and microtubule dynamics. Not surprisingly, formins are best known as key regulators of the cytoskeleton in a variety of morphogenetic processes. However, mounting evidence implicates several formins in the assembly and organization of actin within and around the nucleus. In addition, actin-independent roles for formins have recently been discovered. In this mini-review, we summarize these findings and highlight the novel nuclear and perinulcear functions of formins. In light of the emerging new biology of formins, we also discuss the fundamental principles governing the versatile activity and multimodal regulation of these proteins.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Isogai T,Innocenti Mdoi
10.1042/BST20160187subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-15 00:00:00pages
1701-1708issue
6eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20160187journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::It is clear that considerable conformational distortions may occur in peripheral proteins on interaction with anionic lipid bilayers. Specific lipid interactions do occur at least in the case of cytochrome c, and each perturbation and interaction may well take place before insertion into, or translocation across, a bi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0251119
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipids are key molecules for membranes, energy storage and signalling. I have been privileged to have worked in such a diverse field and in organisms from microbes to humans. Here I will describe some of those contrasting areas which range from environmental impacts to food production and on to human health. It has be...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160406
更新日期:2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The human RAD30B gene has recently been shown to encode a novel DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase iota (poliota). The role of poliota within the cell is presently unknown, and the only clues to its cellular function come from its biochemical characterization in vitro. The aim of this short review is, therefore, to summar...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290183
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cros...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20190312
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Genes encoding an alpha-oxygenase, in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana, have been recently isolated. However, the reaction mechanism of the enzyme has not so far been elucidated. In this study, a cDNA encoding the fatty acid alpha-oxygenase gene in rice plants was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence sh...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular, biochemical and genetic characterization of ornithine decarboxylase, S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase establishes that these polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes are essential for growth and survival of the agents that cause African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis and ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310415
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal epithelium represents one of our most important interfaces with the external environment. It must remain tightly balanced to allow nutrient absorption, but maintain barrier function and immune homoeostasis, a failure of which results in chronic infection or debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)....
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150090
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipoprotein oxidation is thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main source of oxidized lipid in the arterial wall. Oxidation of LDL alters its properties in a number of ways, making it more atherogenic, but oxidation of other lipoprotein classes may al...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311062
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We study how mechanical forces integrate spatially and temporally with regulatory signals at the leading edge of migrating cells. To probe the dynamics of this system, we developed quantitative fluorescent speckle microscopy, which maps out actin cytoskeleton transport, assembly and disassembly with high spatial resol...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20051250
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although relatively few G-protein-coupled receptors are Class C, in recent years, this small family of receptors has become a focal point for the discovery of new and exciting allosteric modulators. The mGlu (metabotropic glutamate) receptors are illustrative in the discovery of both positive and/or negative allosteri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320881
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast cells rely on the SPS-sensing pathway to respond to extracellular amino acids. This nutrient-induced signal transduction pathway regulates gene expression by controlling the activity of two redundant transcription factors: Stp1 and Stp2. These factors are synthesized as latent cytoplasmic proteins with N-termina...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370242
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-coding transcripts play an important role in gene expression regulation in all species, including budding and fission yeast. Such regulatory transcripts include intergenic ncRNA (non-coding RNA), 5' and 3' UTRs, introns and antisense transcripts. In the present review, we discuss advantages and limitations of rece...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130144
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the Edmonton protocol, a number of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus have remained insulin-independent for prolonged periods of time. In spite of this success, transplantation of islets from cadaver donors will remain a therapy for very few patients owing to a lack of donors. Thus, if cell therapy should be...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360272
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Although considered benign diseases, both varicella and zoster can cause complications. Zoster is painful and can lead to post herpetic neuralgia. VZV has also been linked to stroke, related to giant cell arteritis in...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20190511
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) are considered to be a target for the inhibitory actions of ethanol. While profound inhibition of both native and recombinant NMDARs can be observed following the application of high concentrations of ethanol the levels of inhibition seen with lower concentrations of ethanol are...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371423
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of nitric oxide-bound leghaemoglobin within soya bean nodules has led to the question of how Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids overcome the toxicity of this nitric oxide. It has previously been shown that one candidate for nitric oxide detoxification, the respiratory nitric oxide reductase, is exp...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340195
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally taken as an established fact that mitochondrial respiration is associated with the generation of small amounts of ROS (reactive oxygen species). There are many arguments supporting this side activity. A major argument is the particular physico-chemical configuration of dioxygen, which prevents the tran...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311308
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomal instability occurs early in the development of cancer and may represent an important step in promoting the multiple genetic changes required for the initiation and/or progression of the disease. Telomere erosion is one of the factors that contribute to chromosome instability through end-to-end chromosome f...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381698
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of small lipid-enclosed structures with myriad roles in physiology and disease. The recent surge of interest in EVs has led to greater understanding of their biology and appreciation of how they might be utilised as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. There remain, ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180112
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides) have given rise to much interest for the delivery of biomolecules such as peptides, proteins or ONs (oligonucleotides). CPPs and their conjugates were initially thought to translocate through the cell membrane by a non-endocytotic mechanism which has recently been re-evaluated. Basic-a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350053
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spliceosome is a macromolecular machine that carries out the excision of introns from eukaryotic pre-mRNAs and splicing together of exons. Four large RNA-protein complexes, called the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), and some non-snRNP proteins assemble around three short co...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type:
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290015
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleosomes are actively positioned along DNA by ATP-dependent, chromatin remodelling factors. A structural model for the ISW1a chromatin remodelling factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complex with a dinucleosome substrate was constructed from the X-ray structures of ISW1a (ΔATPase) with and without DNA bound, tw...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20110748
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been clear for some time now that mucin glycoproteins have extensive, highly glycosylated tandem repeat domains. What is becoming increasingly apparent, however, is the diversity of unique sequences present on different mucins. Variations in mucin-unique sequences clearly result in major differences in physical...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0230795
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many proteins self-assemble to form large supramolecular complexes. Numerous examples of these structures have been characterized, ranging from spherical viruses to tubular protein assemblies. Some new kinds of supramolecular structures are just coming to light, while it is likely there are others that have not yet be...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350508
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is a member of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, genetic studies have demonstrated that the removal of specific Jnk genes can reduce neuronal death ass...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110641
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A limited number of bacteria, yeast and fungi can convert hemicellulose or its monomers (xylose, arabinose, mannose and galactose) into ethanol with a satisfactory yield and productivity. In the present study we tested a number of thermophilic enrichment cultures, and new isolates of thermophilic anaerobic bacterial s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0320283
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large amounts of DNA are frequently required for use in detection assays and genomic analysis. The limited availability of DNA can be a critical obstacle to meeting research and clinical needs. DNA amplification methods are often required to generate sufficient material from small specimens or environmental samples wi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370450
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a cellular energy sensor that monitors the ratio of AMP/ATP, and possibly also ADP/ATP, inside cells. Once activated by falling cellular energy levels, it acts to restore energy homoeostasis by switching on catabolic pathways that generate ATP, while switching off anabolic pathwa...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20130244
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The short consensus/complement repeat (SCR) domain (also known as the complement control protein domain) is the most abundant domain type in the complement system. Crystal and NMR structures for proteins that contain single and multiple SCR domains have now been published. These contain inter-SCR linkers of between th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300996
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial outer membrane separates the intermembrane space from the cytosol. The whole exchange of metabolites, cations and information between mitochondria and the cell occurs through the outer membrane. Experimental evidence is reviewed supporting the hypothesis of dynamic ADP compartmentation within the int...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0280164
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00