Abstract:
:Sexual differentiation of the brain occurs early in life as a result of sex-typical hormone action and sex chromosome effects. Immunocompetent cells are being recognized as underappreciated regulators of sex differences in brain and behavioral development, including microglia, astrocytes, and possibly other less well studied cell types, including T cells and mast cells. Immunocompetent cells in the brain are responsive to steroid hormones, but their role in sex-specific brain development is an emerging field of interest. This Review presents a summary of what is currently known about sex differences in the number, morphology, and signaling profile of immune cells in the developing brain and their role in the early-life programming of sex differences in brain and behavior. We review what is currently known about sex differences in the response to early-life perturbations, including stress, inflammation, diet, and environmental pollutants. We also discuss how and why understanding sex differences in the developing neuroimmune environment may provide insight into understanding the etiology of several neurodevelopmental disorders. This Review also highlights what remains to be discovered in this emerging field of developmental neuroimmunology and underscores the importance of filling in these knowledge gaps. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Nelson LH,Lenz KMdoi
10.1002/jnr.23821subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-02 00:00:00pages
447-461issue
1-2eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
95pub_type
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000315)59:6<731::AID-JNR
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journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
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