Abstract：
:In January 2015, 75 people died and 177 were hospitalized in the Mozambique village of Chitima after attending a funeral. The deaths were linked to the consumption of a traditional African beverage called pombe. Samples of the suspect pombe were subjected to myriad analyses and compared to a control sample. Ultimately, non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry screening revealed the presence of the potent toxin bongkrekic acid, and its structural isomer, isobongkrekic acid. Quantitative analysis found potentially fatal levels of these toxins in the suspect pombe samples. Bongkrekic acid is known to be produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans. This bacterium could not be isolated from the suspect pombe, but bacteria identified as B. gladioli were isolated from corn flour, a starting ingredient in the production of pombe, obtained from the brewer's home. When the bacteria were co-plated with the fungus Rhizopus oryzae, which was also isolated from the corn flour, synergistic production of bongkrekic acid was observed. The results suggest a mechanism for bongkrekic acid intoxication, a phenomenon previously thought to be restricted to specific regions of Indonesia and China.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Falconer TM,Kern SE,Brzezinski JL,Turner JA,Boyd BL,Litzau JJdoi
10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
e5-e11eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(16)30452-2journal_volume
270pub_type
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