Cross-linking reveals laminin coiled-coil architecture.

abstract：:The acquisition of cell-surface urokinase plasminogen activator activity is a hallmark of malignancy. We generated an engineered anthrax toxin that is activated by cell-surface urokinase in vivo and displays limited toxicity to normal tissue but broad and potent tumoricidal activity. Native anthrax toxin protective an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu S,Aaronson H,Mitola DJ,Leppla SH,Bugge TH

更新日期：2003-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA hybridization was used to compare representatives of the major groups of marsupials and a eutherian outgroup. Because of the large genetic distances separating marsupial families, trees were calculated from normalized percentages of hybridization; thermal-melting statistics, however, gave identical topologies for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirsch JA,Dickerman AW,Reig OA,Springer MS

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) DNA, a small sequence, designated the a sequence, flanks the reiterated sequences at the ends of both the L and S components. The a sequence is the only sequence shared by the termini of all isomeric arrangements of HSV-1 DNA that arise from inversions of the covalently linked L and S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Knipe DM,Ruyechan WT,Honess RW,Roizman B

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used site-directed mutagenesis of cloned Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) DNA to define a function encoded in the 3' region of the viral pol gene and required for efficient integration of viral DNA. One mutant, MuLV-SF1, contained a single base substitution (C to T at base 4950) that resulted in an arginin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Donehower LA,Varmus HE

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is an important medical need for new antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action to treat the increasing number of patients with life-threatening systemic fungal disease and to overcome the growing problem of resistance to current therapies. F901318, the leading representative of a novel class of drug, the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oliver JD,Sibley GEM,Beckmann N,Dobb KS,Slater MJ,McEntee L,du Pré S,Livermore J,Bromley MJ,Wiederhold NP,Hope WW,Kennedy AJ,Law D,Birch M

更新日期：2016-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Given the widely noted increase in the warming effects of rising greenhouse gas concentrations, it has been unclear why global surface temperatures did not rise between 1998 and 2008. We find that this hiatus in warming coincides with a period of little increase in the sum of anthropogenic and natural forcings. Declin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaufmann RK,Kauppi H,Mann ML,Stock JH

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays an integral role in both the anterior-posterior (A-P) patterning and expansion of developing vertebrate limbs through a feedback loop involving Fgfs, Bmps, and Gremlin. In bat limbs A-P patterning and the size of the digital field are unique. The posterior digits of the forelimb are elongate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hockman D,Cretekos CJ,Mason MK,Behringer RR,Jacobs DS,Illing N

更新日期：2008-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A procedure is described for selection of temperature-sensitive mutants affecting fatty-acid synthesis based upon radiation suicide of wild-type organisms by tritiated acetate selectively incorporated into fatty acids. At 37 degrees , two of the mutants extensively incorporate fatty-acid supplements provided in the me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harder ME,Beacham IR,Cronan JE Jr,Beacham K,Honegger JL,Silbert DF

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cDNA clone that hybridizes to an mRNA (1A10) that accumulates to a substantial level in the axis of the germinating soybean seed was sequenced. The amino acid sequence of the clone indicates an almost perfect repeat of Pro-Pro-Val-Tyr-Lys resulting in a protein containing 40% proline and lacking serine and histidine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Averyhart-Fullard V,Datta K,Marcus A

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA-membrane attachment in cultures of E. coli B/r is found to depend on the pattern of DNA synthesis, (a) When the number of replication points increases, the fraction of the DNA that is membrane bound also increases. The relationship between the amount of DNA-membrane attachment and the number of replication points ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parker DL,Glaser DA

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Model organism studies have demonstrated that cell fate specification decisions play an important role in normal brain development. Their role in human neurodevelopmental disorders, however, is poorly understood, with very few examples described. The cerebellum is an excellent system to study mechanisms of cell fate s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Millen KJ,Steshina EY,Iskusnykh IY,Chizhikov VV

更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:cDNA fragments of the homologues of the Drosophila head homeotic genes labial (lab), proboscipedia (pb), and Deformed (Dfd) have been isolated from the crustacean Porcellio scaber. Because the accumulation domains of the head homeotic complex (Hox) genes had not been previously reported for crustaceans, we studied the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abzhanov A,Kaufman TC

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Homeostatic mechanisms are required to control formation and maintenance of synaptic connections to maintain the general level of neural impulse activity within normal limits. How genes controlling these processes are co-coordinately regulated during homeostatic synaptic plasticity is unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen JE,Lee PR,Chen S,Li W,Fields RD

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells (MCs) are potent inflammatory cells that are distributed throughout mucosal barrier tissues and respond rapidly to pathogenic stimuli. During helminth infections, MCs play an important role as late-stage effectors. However, it is currently unknown whether MCs contribute to the early innate events that deter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hepworth MR,Daniłowicz-Luebert E,Rausch S,Metz M,Klotz C,Maurer M,Hartmann S

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Cooperation via production of common goods is found in diverse life forms ranging from viruses to social animals. However, natural selection predicts a "tragedy of the commons": Cheaters, benefiting from without producing costly common goods, are more fit than cooperators and should destroy cooperation. In an attempt ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Waite AJ,Shou W

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the potassium channel gene KCNQ4 underlie DFNA2, an autosomal dominant form of progressive hearing loss in humans. In the mouse cochlea, the transcript has been found exclusively in the outer hair cells. By using specific antibodies, we now show that KCNQ4 is situated at the basal membrane of these sensor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kharkovets T,Hardelin JP,Safieddine S,Schweizer M,El-Amraoui A,Petit C,Jentsch TJ

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The mode of binding of the competitive inhibitor 2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid to the active site of carboxypeptidase A has been studied by x-ray diffraction methods to a resolution of 1.7 A. The actual species bound to the enzyme was determined to be the gem-diol resulting from covalent hydration at the aldehyde ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Christianson DW,Lipscomb WN

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infects ∼1.4 million people annually and, although there is a vaccine, there are no licensed therapeutic drugs. HAV is unusually stable (making disinfection problematic) and little is known of how it enters cells and releases its RNA. Here we report a potent HAV-specific monoclonal antibody, R1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang X,Zhu L,Dang M,Hu Z,Gao Q,Yuan S,Sun Y,Zhang B,Ren J,Kotecha A,Walter TS,Wang J,Fry EE,Stuart DI,Rao Z

更新日期：2017-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Engagement of high-affinity IgE receptors leads to activation of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases and the immediate phosphorylation of receptor beta (serine and tyrosine) and gamma (threonine and tyrosine) chains. Receptor disengagement leads to dephosphorylation of beta and gamma chains via the action of undefin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paolini R,Numerof R,Kinet JP

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the syk tyrosine kinase occurs almost immediately following engagement of many types of antigen receptors, including Fc receptors, but the mechanism through which syk is activated is currently unclear. Here we demonstrate that Fc receptor-induced syk activation occurs as the result of phosphorylation of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： El-Hillal O,Kurosaki T,Yamamura H,Kinet JP,Scharenberg AM

更新日期：1997-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The density of benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding sites was lower in the midbrain of seizure-susceptible gerbils compared to control seizure-resistant gerbils. Binding of [3H]diazepam to high-affinity brain-specific sites in membrane homogenates of gerbil brain showed a 20-30% lower binding in mid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olsen RW,Wamsley JK,McCabe RT,Lee RJ,Lomax P

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A renin promoter-large tumor antigen (T antigen) fusion gene was constructed to provide a reporter function for renin expression in transgenic mice. These transgenic mice gave rise to tumors in subcutaneous soft tissue, which was attributed to transgene expression at this site. An immunohistochemical analysis of trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sigmund CD,Jones CA,Mullins JJ,Kim U,Gross KW

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently found that the beta-adrenergic agonist 1-isoproterenol evokes a rapid (less than 5 min) Ca2+- and receptor-dependent stimulation of endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport in mouse renal cortex involving proximal tubule cells. This response is associated with increased Ca2+ fluxes and a mob...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koenig H,Goldstone AD,Lu CY

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction between the ribosomal-stalk protein L7/12 (L12) and initiation factor 2 (IF2) is essential for rapid subunit association, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we have characterized the L12-IF2 interaction on Escherichia coli ribosomes using site-directed mutagenesis, fast kinetics, and molecu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ge X,Mandava CS,Lind C,Åqvist J,Sanyal S

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zachariae Isstrøm (ZI) and Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (79N) are marine-terminating glaciers in northeast Greenland that hold an ice volume equivalent to a 1.1-m global sea level rise. ZI lost its floating ice shelf, sped up, retreated at 650 m/y, and experienced a 5-gigaton/y mass loss. Glacier 79N has been more stable des...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： An L,Rignot E,Wood M,Willis JK,Mouginot J,Khan SA

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The underlying structure is taken as a strongly superharmonic cone [unk], defined as a partially ordered abelian semigroup with identity 0 which admits a multiplication by nonnegative scalars and satisfies two fundamental axioms of a potentialtheoretic character. In terms of a fixed nonzero element e there is introduc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arsove M,Leutwiler H

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral glycoproteins mediate entry of enveloped viruses into cells and thus play crucial roles in infection. In herpesviruses, a complex of two viral glycoproteins, gH and gL (gH/gL), regulates membrane fusion events and influences virion cell tropism. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gH/gL can be incorporated into two dif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li G,Nguyen CC,Ryckman BJ,Britt WJ,Kamil JP

更新日期：2015-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Copper homeostasis is essential for bacterial pathogen fitness and infection, and has been the focus of a number of recent studies. In Salmonella, envelope protection against copper overload and macrophage survival depends on CueP, a major copper-binding protein in the periplasm. This protein is also required to deliv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pezza A,Pontel LB,López C,Soncini FC

更新日期：2016-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The capacity of Shigella to spread within the cytosol of infected epithelial cells and to infect adjacent cells is critical for the development of infection foci, which lead to mucosal abscesses. Shigella is a nonmotile microorganism that appears to utilize host cell microfilaments to generate intra- as well as interc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bernardini ML,Mounier J,d'Hauteville H,Coquis-Rondon M,Sansonetti PJ

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations with the image tube scanner at the Shane 3-m telescope are combined with data obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer to assess the spectrum of the remarkable high-excitation planetary nebula NGC 6537. We have analyzed the spectrum of this nitrogen-rich object with the aid of the theoretical ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Feibelman W,Aller LH,Keyes CD,Czyzak SJ

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00