Potent antitumor activity of a urokinase-activated engineered anthrax toxin.

abstract：:The formation of viable genetic chimeras in mammals through the transfer of cells between siblings in utero is rare. Using microsatellite DNA markers, we show here that chimerism in marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii) twins is not limited to blood-derived hematopoietic tissues as was previously described. All somatic tissue ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ross CN,French JA,Ortí G

更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent sequencing efforts have led to estimates of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome-wide intrahost diversity that rival those of persistent RNA viruses [Renzette N, Bhattacharjee B, Jensen JD, Gibson L, Kowalik TF (2011) PLoS Pathog 7:e1001344]. Here, we deep sequence HCMV genomes recovered from single and longitud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cudini J,Roy S,Houldcroft CJ,Bryant JM,Depledge DP,Tutill H,Veys P,Williams R,Worth AJJ,Tamuri AU,Goldstein RA,Breuer J

更新日期：2019-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A controversial topic in the recent climate modeling literature is the fashion in which metastable low-frequency regimes in the atmosphere occur despite nearly Gaussian statistics for these planetary waves. Here a simple 57-mode paradigm model for such metastable atmospheric regime behavior is introduced and analyzed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Majda AJ,Franzke CL,Fischer A,Crommelin DT

更新日期：2006-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mauer mandible, holotype of Homo heidelbergensis, was found in 1907 in fluvial sands deposited by the Neckar River 10 km southeast of Heidelberg, Germany. The fossil is an important key to understanding early human occupation of Europe north of the Alps. Given the associated mammal fauna and the geological context...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wagner GA,Krbetschek M,Degering D,Bahain JJ,Shao Q,Falguères C,Voinchet P,Dolo JM,Garcia T,Rightmire GP

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Our conditional serum response factor (SRF) knockout, Srf (Cko), in the heart-forming region blocked the appearance of rhythmic beating myocytes, one of the earliest cardiac defects caused by the ablation of a cardiac-enriched transcription factor. The appearance of Hand1 and Smyd1, transcription and chromatin remodel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niu Z,Iyer D,Conway SJ,Martin JF,Ivey K,Srivastava D,Nordheim A,Schwartz RJ

更新日期：2008-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:DG42 is one of the main mRNAs expressed during gastrulation in embryos of Xenopus laevis. Here we demonstrate that cells expressing this mRNA synthesize hyaluronan. The cloned DG42 cDNA was expressed in rabbit kidney (RK13) and human osteosarcoma (tk-) cells using a vaccinia virus system. Lysates prepared from infecte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer MF,Kreil G

更新日期：1996-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We have found the two-dimensional electrophoretic technique of O'Farrell to be highly efficient in the detection of charge-change substitutions in a large number of proteins. We have applied this method to determine the level of heterozygosity of the most abundant proteins in Drosophila melanogaster adults from a natu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown AJ,Langley CH

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kss1, a yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in its unphosphorylated (unactivated) state binds directly to and represses Ste12, a transcription factor necessary for expression of genes whose promoters contain filamentous response elements (FREs) and genes whose promoters contain pheromone response elements (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bardwell L,Cook JG,Zhu-Shimoni JX,Voora D,Thorner J

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The major cell surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania major, a putative parasite receptor for macrophages, is a lipophosphoglycan containing 81.6% (wt/wt) carbohydrate, 17.0% (wt/wt) phosphate, and 1.4% (wt/wt) lipid. It has been purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic chromatography and consists of a polydisperse family...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McConville MJ,Bacic A,Mitchell GF,Handman E

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During vertebrate cytokinesis it is thought that contractile ring constriction is driven by nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) translocation of antiparallel actin filaments. Here we report in situ, in vitro, and in vivo observations that challenge this hypothesis. Graded knockdown of NM II in cultured COS-7 cells reveals tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ma X,Kovács M,Conti MA,Wang A,Zhang Y,Sellers JR,Adelstein RS

更新日期：2012-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:beta-Endorphin, an opiate-like peptide, has potent antinociceptive properties when it is administered directly into the brain and assayed in the the tail-flick, hot-plate, and writhing tests in mice and in the wet shake test in rats. On a molar basis, beta-endorphin is 18 to 33 times more potent than morphine and its ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loh HH,Tseng LF,Wei E,Li CH

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes that are unexpressed in somatic cells have been activated by injecting cultured cell nuclei of the frog Xenopus laevis into oocytes of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii. The genes that were activated are normally expressed in oocytes but not in cultured cells. Conversely, genes that are normally expressed in cultured...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Robertis EM,Gurdon JB

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to 3TC of HIV-1 mutant strains containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-specific mutations in their reverse transcriptase (RT) easily selected for double-mutant viruses that had acquired the characteristic 184-Ile mutation in their RT in addition to the NNRTI-specific mutations. Conve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balzarini J,Pelemans H,Karlsson A,De ClercQ E,Kleim JP

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory diseases are characterized by dysregulated cytokine production. Altered functions for most risk loci, including the inflammatory bowel disease and leprosy-associated tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) region, are unclear. Regulation of pattern-recognition-receptor (PRR)-induced s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hedl M,Abraham C

更新日期：2014-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The adult brain exhibits a local increase in cortical blood flow in response to external stimulus. However, broadly varying hemodynamic responses in the brains of newborn and young infants have been reported. Particular controversy exists over whether the "true" neonatal response to stimulation consists of a decrease ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kozberg MG,Chen BR,DeLeo SE,Bouchard MB,Hillman EM

更新日期：2013-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Faster aging is predicted in more active tissues and animals because of greater reactive oxygen species generation. Yet age-related cell loss is greater in less active cell types, such as type II muscle fibers. Mitochondrial uncoupling has been proposed as a mechanism that reduces reactive oxygen species production an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amara CE,Shankland EG,Jubrias SA,Marcinek DJ,Kushmerick MJ,Conley KE

更新日期：2007-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Numbers of substitutions per site for 15 protein-coding genes and six introns of the plant mitochondria were estimated to compare modes and tempos of evolution between exons and introns, and numbers of insertions-deletions per site also were investigated in introns. Intra-gene homogeneity of numbers of substitutions p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laroche J,Li P,Maggia L,Bousquet J

更新日期：1997-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated when cells are exposed to environmental stress, including UV radiation. Gene disruption studies demonstrate that JNK is essential for UV-stimulated apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial pathway by a Bax/Bak-dependent mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that JNK phosphor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lei K,Davis RJ

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Maleyl bovine plasma albumin competed on an equimolar basis with malondialdehyde low density lipoprotein (LDL) in suppressing the lysosomal hydrolysis of 125I-labeled malondialdehyde LDL mediated by the scavenger receptor of human monocyte macrophages. Maleyl bovine plasma albumin, in which 94% of the amino groups wer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haberland ME,Fogelman AM

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of cell surface receptors that, upon ligand binding, stimulate a variety of critical cellular functions. The orphan receptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of very few RTKs that remain without a firmly established protein ligand. Here we present a novel cytokine, F...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reshetnyak AV,Murray PB,Shi X,Mo ES,Mohanty J,Tome F,Bai H,Gunel M,Lax I,Schlessinger J

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social interactions and communication. The pathogenesis of ASD is not known, but it involves activation of microglia. We had shown that the peptide neurotensin (NT) is increased in the serum of children with ASD and stimulates cultured adult human microglia t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsilioni I,Pantazopoulos H,Conti P,Leeman SE,Theoharides TC

更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin resistance is a key factor in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is mediated by the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), which is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 from its intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baeza-Raja B,Li P,Le Moan N,Sachs BD,Schachtrup C,Davalos D,Vagena E,Bridges D,Kim C,Saltiel AR,Olefsky JM,Akassoglou K

更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:STAT1 is an essential transcription factor for macrophage activation by IFN-gamma and requires phosphorylation of the C-terminal Ser727 for transcriptional activity. In macrophages, Ser727 phosphorylation in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), UV irradiation, or TNF-alpha occurred through a signaling path ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kovarik P,Stoiber D,Eyers PA,Menghini R,Neininger A,Gaestel M,Cohen P,Decker T

更新日期：1999-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductases (FNRs) constitute a family of flavoenzymes that catalyze the exchange of reducing equivalents between one-electron carriers and the two-electron-carrying NADP(H). The main role of FNRs in cyanobacteria and leaf plastids is to provide the NADPH for photoautotrophic metabolism. In root pl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas JC,Ughy B,Lagoutte B,Ajlani G

更新日期：2006-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that two regular tetrahedra can be combined with a single regular octahedron to tile (complete fill) three-dimensional Euclidean space . This structure was called the "octet truss" by Buckminster Fuller. It was believed that such a tiling, which is the Delaunay tessellation of the face-centered cubic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conway JH,Jiao Y,Torquato S

更新日期：2011-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanobacteria are phototrophic prokaryotes that evolved oxygenic photosynthesis ∼2.7 billion y ago and are presently responsible for ∼10% of total global photosynthetic production. To cope with the evolutionary pressure of dropping ambient CO2 concentrations, they evolved a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) to augment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Selim KA,Haase F,Hartmann MD,Hagemann M,Forchhammer K

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence indicates there is a role for small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, as vehicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by most cell types can mediate transfer of proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs, but their role in the transmission of infectious agents is less established. Recent studie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramakrishnaiah V,Thumann C,Fofana I,Habersetzer F,Pan Q,de Ruiter PE,Willemsen R,Demmers JA,Stalin Raj V,Jenster G,Kwekkeboom J,Tilanus HW,Haagmans BL,Baumert TF,van der Laan LJ

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Migration of the cells in osteoblastic lineage, including preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, has been postulated to influence bone formation. However, the molecular bases that link preosteoblastic/osteoblastic cell migration and bone formation are incompletely understood. Nck (noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase; coll...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aryal A C S,Miyai K,Izu Y,Hayata T,Notomi T,Noda M,Ezura Y

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In many of their compounds the transition metals have covalence 9, forming nine bonds with use of nine hybrid spd bond orbitals. A set of maximum-valence single-bond radii is formulated for use in these compounds. These radii are in reasonably good agreement with observed bond lengths. Quadruple bonds between two tran...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pauling L

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenic species of Yersinia contain the transcriptional regulator RovA. In Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica, RovA regulates expression of the invasion factor invasin (inv), which mediates translocation across the intestinal epithelium. A Y. enterocolitica rovA mutant has a significant dec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cathelyn JS,Crosby SD,Lathem WW,Goldman WE,Miller VL

更新日期：2006-09-05 00:00:00