Cells expressing the DG42 gene from early Xenopus embryos synthesize hyaluronan.

abstract：:The role of DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) and DNA primase has been investigated in the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication system in vitro. Removal of pol alpha and primase activities from crude extracts of HeLa cells or monkey cells by use of an anti-pol alpha immunoaffinity column resulted in the loss of repli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murakami Y,Wobbe CR,Weissbach L,Dean FB,Hurwitz J

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoparticle-based experimental therapeutics are currently being investigated in numerous human clinical trials. CALAA-01 is a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) and, to our knowledge, was the first RNA interference (RNAi)-based, experimental therapeutic to be administered to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zuckerman JE,Gritli I,Tolcher A,Heidel JD,Lim D,Morgan R,Chmielowski B,Ribas A,Davis ME,Yen Y

更新日期：2014-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary process that occurs when a species colonizes a new environment provides an opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying genetic adaptation, which is essential knowledge for understanding evolution and the maintenance of biodiversity. Atlantic herring has an estimated total breeding stock of about ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hill J,Enbody ED,Pettersson ME,Sprehn CG,Bekkevold D,Folkvord A,Laikre L,Kleinau G,Scheerer P,Andersson L

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Homeobox genes constitute a large family of transcription factors that are essential during normal development and are often dysregulated in cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which homeobox genes influence cancer remain largely unknown. Here we show that the tissue-restricted cyclin A1 is a transcriptional ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coletta RD,Christensen K,Reichenberger KJ,Lamb J,Micomonaco D,Huang L,Wolf DM,Müller-Tidow C,Golub TR,Kawakami K,Ford HL

更新日期：2004-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The human proteome contains a plethora of short linear motifs (SLiMs) that serve as binding interfaces for modular protein domains. Such interactions are crucial for signaling and other cellular processes, but are difficult to detect because of their low to moderate affinities. Here we developed a dedicated approach, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ivarsson Y,Arnold R,McLaughlin M,Nim S,Joshi R,Ray D,Liu B,Teyra J,Pawson T,Moffat J,Li SS,Sidhu SS,Kim PM

更新日期：2014-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to infect macrophages is a common characteristic shared among many mycobacterial species. Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium kansasii enter macrophages, using the complement receptors CR1, CR3, CR4, and the mannose receptor. To identify M. avium genes and host cell pathways ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danelishvili L,Wu M,Stang B,Harriff M,Cirillo SL,Cirillo JD,Bildfell R,Arbogast B,Bermudez LE

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of probes to genes (IG and TCRB) encoding immunoglobulins (IG) and the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCRB), respectively, have become a sensitive means to assess clonality and lineage in lymphoid malignancies. It has become apparent that some individual cases show rearrangements of both IG and TCR...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davey MP,Bongiovanni KF,Kaulfersch W,Quertermous T,Seidman JG,Hershfield MS,Kurtzberg J,Haynes BF,Davis MM,Waldmann TA

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A dynamical theory for the evolution of the genetic code is presented, which accounts for its universality and optimality. The central concept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early communal life generically lead to refinement and selection of innovation-sharing pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vetsigian K,Woese C,Goldenfeld N

更新日期：2006-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A photolyzable derivative of dipeptidyl-tRNA, p-azido-N-tBoc-Phe-[3H]Phe-tRNA, bound reversibly to 70S ribosomes in the presence of poly(U), becomes, when irradiated, covalently attached to components of the 50S ribosomal subunit. Most of the reaction occurs within the 23S RNA, while ribosomal proteins are only weakly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sonenberg N,Wilchek M,Zamir A

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The earliest measurable parameter that shows density-dependent inhibition is the uptake of [(3)H]deoxyglucose by Balb 3T3 cells. The rate decreases even during the exponential phase of growth and reaches a minimum, about 8- to 10-times lower than maximum, as the culture approaches the saturation density. Cells transfo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bose SK,Zlotnick BJ

更新日期：1973-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of plant defensive genes in leaves of tomato plants in response to herbivore damage or mechanical wounding is mediated by a mobile 18-amino acid polypeptide signal called systemin. Systemin is derived from a larger, 200-amino acid precursor called prosystemin, similar to polypeptide hormones and soluble...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bergey DR,Howe GA,Ryan CA

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the days of Hertz, radio transmitters have evolved from rudimentary circuits emitting around 50 MHz to modern ubiquitous Wi-Fi devices operating at gigahertz radio bands. As wireless data traffic continues to increase, there is a need for new communication technologies capable of high-frequency operation for hig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Piccardo M,Tamagnone M,Schwarz B,Chevalier P,Rubin NA,Wang Y,Wang CA,Connors MK,McNulty D,Belyanin A,Capasso F

更新日期：2019-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Four monoclonal anti-parathyroid antibodies were generated after immunization of mice with intact cells from human parathyroid tissue. All four monoclonal antibodies reacted in immunohistochemistry with structures present on parathyroid epithelial cells and proximal-tubule cells of the kidney but were unreactive with ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Juhlin C,Holmdahl R,Johansson H,Rastad J,Akerström G,Klareskog L

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Light chains were obtained from IgG rabbit antibodies to the group-specific carbohydrates of groups A and C streptococci. An analysis of the amino acid alternatives which exist at the first three positions of the N-terminus in both light-chain preparations shows a marked restriction in amino acid sequence heterogeneit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hood L,Lackland H,Eichman K,Kindt TJ,Braun DG,Krause RM

更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Egg activation is the process by which a mature oocyte becomes capable of supporting embryo development. In vertebrates and echinoderms, activation is induced by fertilization. Molecules introduced into the egg by the sperm trigger progressive release of intracellular calcium stores in the oocyte. Calcium wave(s) spre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaneuchi T,Sartain CV,Takeo S,Horner VL,Buehner NA,Aigaki T,Wolfner MF

更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A rat model of hereditary renal carcinoma (RC) was found in a rat colony of the Sprague-Dawley strain in Japan and named the "Nihon" rat. In heterozygotes, RCs, predominantly the clear cell type, develop from early preneoplastic lesions, which began to appear as early as 3 weeks of age, to adenocarcinomas by the age o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okimoto K,Sakurai J,Kobayashi T,Mitani H,Hirayama Y,Nickerson ML,Warren MB,Zbar B,Schmidt LS,Hino O

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been nearly 40 y since it was suggested that genomic methylation patterns could be transmitted via maintenance methylation during S phase and might play a role in the dynamic regulation of gene expression during development [Holliday R, Pugh JE (1975) Science 187(4173):226-232; Riggs AD (1975) Cytogenet Cell Ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bestor TH,Edwards JR,Boulard M

更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Corticosteroid hormones are critical for controlling metabolism, hydromineral balance, and the stress response in vertebrates. Although corticosteroid hormones have been well characterized in most vertebrate groups, the identity of the earliest vertebrate corticosteroid hormone has remained elusive. Here we provide ev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Close DA,Yun SS,McCormick SD,Wildbill AJ,Li W

更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Dravet syndrome is a catastrophic, pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy. Disease onset occurs in the first year of life, followed by developmental delay with cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and substantially elevated risk of premature death. The majority of affected individuals harbor a loss-of-function mut...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richards KL,Milligan CJ,Richardson RJ,Jancovski N,Grunnet M,Jacobson LH,Undheim EAB,Mobli M,Chow CY,Herzig V,Csoti A,Panyi G,Reid CA,King GF,Petrou S

更新日期：2018-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The olivo-cerebellar network is a key neuronal circuit that provides high-level motor control in the vertebrate CNS. Functionally, its network dynamics is organized around the oscillatory membrane potential properties of inferior olive (IO) neurons and their electrotonic connectivity. Because IO action potentials are ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kazantsev VB,Nekorkin VI,Makarenko VI,Llinás R

更新日期：2004-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis initiation in reticulocyte lysates is inhibited by heme deficiency, low levels of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), or the purified kinase (HRI) that acts on the alpha polypeptide of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2alpha). The phosphoprotein profiles produced in lysates i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ernst V,Levin DH,London IM

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oscillations in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) occur spontaneously in immature neurons of the developing cerebral cortex. Here, we show that developing murine cortical neurons exhibit calcium oscillations in response to direct activation of the mGluR5 subtype of the group I metabotropic glutama...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Flint AC,Dammerman RS,Kriegstein AR

更新日期：1999-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccine efficacy is determined largely by cellular and humoral immunity as well as long-lasting immunological memory. IL-2 and IL-15 were evaluated in vaccinia vectors expressing HIV gp160 for the establishment of an effective vaccine strategy. Both IL-2 and IL-15 in the vaccinia vector induced strong and long-lasting...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oh S,Berzofsky JA,Burke DS,Waldmann TA,Perera LP

更新日期：2003-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of the mechanisms by which a cell detects exogenous DNA is important for controlling pathogen infection, because most pathogens entail the presence of exogenous DNA in the cytosol, as well as for understanding the cell's response to artificially transfected DNA. The cellular response to pathogen invasion has...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kobayashi S,Koujin T,Kojidani T,Osakada H,Mori C,Hiraoka Y,Haraguchi T

更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimeric myosins V and VI travel long distances in opposite directions along actin filaments in cells, taking multiple steps in a "hand-over-hand" fashion. The catalytic cycles of both myosins are limited by ADP dissociation, which is considered a key step in the walking mechanism of these motors. Here, we demonstrate ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oguchi Y,Mikhailenko SV,Ohki T,Olivares AO,De La Cruz EM,Ishiwata S

更新日期：2008-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Underactivity of the glutamatergic system is an attractive model for the pathophysiology of several major mental illnesses. We previously described a chromosome abnormality disrupting the kainate class ionotropic glutamate receptor gene, GRIK4/KA1, in an individual with schizophrenia and learning disability (mental re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pickard BS,Knight HM,Hamilton RS,Soares DC,Walker R,Boyd JK,Machell J,Maclean A,McGhee KA,Condie A,Porteous DJ,St Clair D,Davis I,Blackwood DH,Muir WJ

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 is one of the major pancreatic antigens targeted by self-reactive T cells in type I diabetes mellitus. T cells specific for GAD65 are among the first to enter inflamed islets and may be important for the initiation of autoimmune diabetes. However, we previously reported that nonobe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim SK,Tarbell KV,Sanna M,Vadeboncoeur M,Warganich T,Lee M,Davis M,McDevitt HO

更新日期：2004-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidants, such as those generated by metabolically activated phagocytes in inflammation, have been implicated in the metabolic activation of carcinogens, and in this study we demonstrate that the interaction of (+/-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-dihydrodiol) with phorbol ester-stimulated polym...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trush MA,Seed JL,Kensler TW

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An artificial charge pair buried in the hydrophobic core of staphylococcal nuclease was engineered by making the V23E and L36K substitutions. Buried individually, Glu-23 and Lys-36 both titrate with pKa values near 7. When buried together their pKa values appear to be normal. The ionizable moieties of the buried Glu-L...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robinson AC,Castañeda CA,Schlessman JL,García-Moreno EB

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmids containing the replication origin of the Escherichia coli chromosome (oriC plasmids) are unstable in certain recA strains of E. coli. However, they can be maintained more stably in other recA strains. This stable maintenance has allowed us to study the incompatibility properties of oriC plasmids. We have foun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamaguchi K,Yamaguchi M,Tomizawa J

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00