Radio frequency transmitter based on a laser frequency comb.

abstract：:It has been proposed that extensive wildfires occurred after the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) impact event. An abundance of soot and pyrosynthetic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs) in marine K-T boundary impact rocks (BIRs) have been considered support for this hypothesis. However, nonmarine K-T BIRs, from across ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Belcher CM,Finch P,Collinson ME,Scott AC,Grassineau NV

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a multitude of biological processes and are therefore subjected to multiple levels of regulation. Negative feedback is one of the mechanisms that provide an effective means to control RTK-mediated signaling. Sef has recently been identified as a specific antagonist of fibroblas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Preger E,Ziv I,Shabtay A,Sher I,Tsang M,Dawid IB,Altuvia Y,Ron D

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The MAK16 gene was first defined as a gene whose mutation resulted in loss of M1 double-stranded RNA virus-like particles. The mak16-1 mutation also produces temperature-sensitive cell growth. We report here that mak16-1 cells arrest at the nonpermissive temperature in G1 phase, such that they are mating competent. We...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wickner RB

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the isolation and sequencing of cDNAs encoding two human glutamate decarboxylases (GADs; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15), GAD65 and GAD67. Human GAD65 cDNA encodes a Mr 65,000 polypeptide, with 585 amino acid residues, whereas human GAD67 encodes a Mr 67,000 polypeptide, with 594 amino acid residue...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bu DF,Erlander MG,Hitz BC,Tillakaratne NJ,Kaufman DL,Wagner-McPherson CB,Evans GA,Tobin AJ

更新日期：1992-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider the sequential estimation of p, the probability of success in an infinite sequence of Bernoulli trials, when the loss incurred in stopping after n trials and estimating p by some function delta(n) of the first n outcomes is taken to be [Formula: see text] The loss due to error of estimation is thus the sym...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cabilio P,Robbins H

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immobilization antigens of stock 51 of Paramecium tetraurelia were subjected to electrophoresis in NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gels. Type A is estimated to have a molecular size of 300,000 daltons; H is estimated to be 288,000, D to be 280,000, E to be 270,000, B to be 253,000, and C to be 250,000. Poly(A)(+)RNAs have b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Preer JR,Preer LB,Rudman BM

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unfolded RNase A is known to contain an equilibrium mixture of two forms, a slow-folding form (U(1)) and a fast-folding form (U(2)). If U(1) is produced after unfolding by the slow cis-trans isomerization of proline residues about X-Pro imide bonds, then the formation of U(1) should be catalyzed by strong acids. There...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmid FX,Baldwin RL

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We performed label-free observation of molecular dynamics in apoptotic cells by Raman microscopy. Dynamic changes in cytochrome c distribution at the Raman band of 750 cm(-1) were observed after adding an apoptosis inducer to the cells. The comparison of mitochondria fluorescence images and Raman images of cytochrome ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okada M,Smith NI,Palonpon AF,Endo H,Kawata S,Sodeoka M,Fujita K

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a unique conductance-based model of awake thalamic alpha and some of its implications for function. The full model includes a model for a specialized class of high-threshold thalamocortical cells (HTC cells), which burst at the alpha frequency at depolarized membrane potentials (~-56 mV). Our model generat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vijayan S,Kopell NJ

更新日期：2012-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA-based identification depends on the probability that two different individuals have the same phenotype, which is given by kinship theory. Together with the large and consistent body of evidence on human population structure, kinship theory provides a sound basis for forensic use of DNA markers. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morton NE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tight junctions (TJs) play a key role in mediating paracellular ion reabsorption in the kidney. The paracellular pathway in the collecting duct of the kidney is a predominant route for transepithelial chloride reabsorption that determines the extracellular NaCl content and the blood pressure. However, the molecular me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hou J,Renigunta A,Yang J,Waldegger S

更新日期：2010-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Global supply chains play a critical role in many of the most pressing environmental stresses and social struggles identified by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Responding to calls from the global community, companies are adopting a variety of voluntary practices to improve the environmental ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thorlakson T,de Zegher JF,Lambin EF

更新日期：2018-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite substantial size variations, proportions of the developing body plan are maintained with a remarkable precision. Little is known about the mechanisms that ensure this adaptation (scaling) of pattern with size. Most models of patterning by morphogen gradients do not support scaling. In contrast, we show that sc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ben-Zvi D,Barkai N

更新日期：2010-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-7 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are two major cytokines controlling murine B cell development. IL-7 has been studied extensively, but only recently has it become possible to unravel the role of TSLP in detail. We studied the biological activities of TSLP in B cell development at distinct ages in the mouse...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vosshenrich CA,Cumano A,Müller W,Di Santo JP,Vieira P

更新日期：2004-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Many chemoattractants cause chemotaxis of leukocytes by stimulating a structurally distinct class of G protein-coupled receptors. To identify receptor functions required for chemotaxis, we studied chemotaxis in HEK293 cells transfected with receptors for nonchemokine ligands or for interleukin 8 (IL-8), a classical ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neptune ER,Bourne HR

更新日期：1997-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Aryloxyphenoxypropionates, inhibitors of the plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) of grasses, also inhibit Toxoplasma gondii ACC. Clodinafop, the most effective of the herbicides tested, inhibits growth of T. gondii in human fibroblasts by 70% at 10 microM in 2 days and effectively eliminates the parasite in 2-4 days ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zuther E,Johnson JJ,Haselkorn R,McLeod R,Gornicki P

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent experiments have shown that mouse primary visual cortex (V1) is very different from that of cat or monkey, including response properties-one of which is that contrast invariance in the orientation selectivity (OS) of the neurons' firing rates is replaced in mouse with contrast-dependent sharpening (broadening) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dai WP,Zhou D,McLaughlin DW,Cai D

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) catalyzes three reactions in the fatty acid β-oxidation process. Mutations in the two TFP subunits cause mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and acute fatty liver of pregnancy that can lead to death. Here we report a 4.2-Å cryo-electron microscopy α2β2 tetrameri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang K,Li N,Wang X,Dai J,Liu P,Wang C,Chen XW,Gao N,Xiao J

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Integral feedback control is a basic engineering strategy for ensuring that the output of a system robustly tracks its desired value independent of noise or variations in system parameters. In biological systems, it is common for the response to an extracellular stimulus to return to its prestimulus value even in the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yi TM,Huang Y,Simon MI,Doyle J

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse L929 cells were incubated with antibody-targeted liposomes containing oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligomers). When the oligomer was a 15-mer complementary to the 5'-end region of the mRNA encoding the N protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, the cells became less permissive for multiplication of that virus; great...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leonetti JP,Machy P,Degols G,Lebleu B,Leserman L

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two large cytoplasmic domains (C1 and C2) of adenylyl cyclases (AC), when expressed separately and mixed together, reconstitute enzyme activity that can be regulated by various modulators. Therefore, we have used the C1 or its C1a subdomain and C2 regions from type I AC (ACI) and type V AC (ACV) to identify the re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wittpoth C,Scholich K,Yigzaw Y,Stringfield TM,Patel TB

更新日期：1999-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:ALOX15 (12/15-lipoxygenase) orthologs have been implicated in maturational degradation of intracellular organelles and in the biosynthesis of antiinflammatory and proresolving eicosanoids. Here we hypothesized that lower mammals (mice, rats, pigs) express 12-lipoxygenating ALOX15 orthologs. In contrast, 15-lipoxygenat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adel S,Karst F,González-Lafont À,Pekárová M,Saura P,Masgrau L,Lluch JM,Stehling S,Horn T,Kuhn H,Heydeck D

更新日期：2016-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-gated channels maintain cellular resting potentials and generate neuronal action potentials by regulating ion flux. Here, we show that Ether-à-go-go (EAG) K+ channels also regulate intracellular signaling pathways by a mechanism that is independent of ion flux and depends on the position of the voltage sensor....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hegle AP,Marble DD,Wilson GF

更新日期：2006-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a genetically tractable model cyanobacterium that has been engineered to produce industrially relevant biomolecules and is the best-studied model for a prokaryotic circadian clock. However, the organism is commonly grown in continuous light in the laboratory, and data on metabolic p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diamond S,Jun D,Rubin BE,Golden SS

更新日期：2015-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examined the effects of the Great Recession on maternal harsh parenting. We found that changes in macroeconomic conditions, rather than current conditions, affected harsh parenting, that declines in macroeconomic conditions had a stronger impac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee D,Brooks-Gunn J,McLanahan SS,Notterman D,Garfinkel I

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide prototypes for the design of unconventional antimicrobial agents. Existing bulk assays measure AMP activity but do not provide details of the growth-halting mechanism. We use fluorescence microscopy to directly observe the attack of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 on...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sochacki KA,Barns KJ,Bucki R,Weisshaar JC

更新日期：2011-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that perceived pain intensity can influence placebo analgesia was tested. One hundred and seven subjects rated their pain from from 0 to 10 on a visual analog scale after a standard wisdom tooth extraction. The expected course of such postoperative pain in the absence of therapy or placebo is a steady i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine JD,Gordon NC,Bornstein JC,Fields HL

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), known for controlling bone mass, has been recognized for its role in epithelial cell activation of the mammary gland. Because bone and the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit of the skin share a lifelong renewal activity where similar molecular players operate, and because mammary glands an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duheron V,Hess E,Duval M,Decossas M,Castaneda B,Klöpper JE,Amoasii L,Barbaroux JB,Williams IR,Yagita H,Penninger J,Choi Y,Lézot F,Groves R,Paus R,Mueller CG

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Transport of sodium, chloride, and taurocholate was studied in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes incubated in a balanced electrolyte solution containing 150 mM NaCl, various concentrations of taurocholate, and (22)Na, (36)Cl, [(3)H]taurocholate, and 3-O-[(3)H]methyl-D-glucose. Lithium chloride, choline chlorid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scharschmidt BF,Stephens JE

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall tumors on various plants by delivering transferred DNA (T-DNA) and virulence proteins into host plant cells. Under laboratory conditions, the bacterium is widely used as a vector to genetically modify a wide range of organisms, including plants, yeasts, fungi, and algae. Var...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Q,Li X,Tu H,Pan SQ

更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00