Agrobacterium-delivered virulence protein VirE2 is trafficked inside host cells via a myosin XI-K-powered ER/actin network.

abstract：:Structural protein 4.1, which has crucial interactions within the spectrin-actin lattice of the human red cell membrane skeleton, also is widely distributed at diverse intracellular sites in nucleated cells. We previously showed that 4.1 is essential for assembly of functional nuclei in vitro and that the capacity of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krauss SW,Chen C,Penman S,Heald R

更新日期：2003-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Folding mechanisms of proteins incorporated within supramolecular assemblies, including viruses, are little understood and may differ fundamentally from folding mechanisms of small globular proteins. We describe a novel Raman dynamic probe of hydrogen-isotope exchange to investigate directly these protein folding/asse...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tuma R,Prevelige PE Jr,Thomas GJ Jr

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Although they lie at the conceptual core of a wide range of scientific questions, the notions of irregular or "random" arrangement and the process of randomization itself have never been unambiguously defined. Algorithmic implementation of these concepts requires a combinatorial, rather than a probability-theoretic, f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Singer BH,Pincus S

更新日期：1998-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyze Niels Bohr's proposed two-slit interference experiment with highly charged particles which argues that the consistency of elementary quantum mechanics requires that the electromagnetic field must be quantized. In the experiment a particle's path through the slits is determined by measuring the Coulomb field...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baym G,Ozawa T

更新日期：2009-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Global agricultural emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased by around 20% over the last 100 y, but regulation of these emissions and their impact on bacterial cellular metabolism are poorly understood. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate in soils to inert di-nitrogen gas (N2) via N2O and t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sullivan MJ,Gates AJ,Appia-Ayme C,Rowley G,Richardson DJ

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:ChIP-on-chip has emerged as a powerful tool to dissect the complex network of regulatory interactions between transcription factors and their targets. However, most ChIP-on-chip analysis methods use conservative approaches aimed at minimizing false-positive transcription factor targets. We present a model with improve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Margolin AA,Palomero T,Sumazin P,Califano A,Ferrando AA,Stolovitzky G

更新日期：2009-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat liver membrane adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) that has been stimulated more than 10-fold by cholera toxin (choleragen) has a 3-fold greater sensitivity to stimulation by glucagon. Choleragen similarly increases the sensitivity of cyclase to other peptide (ACTH, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and nonpeptide (ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bennett V,O'Keefe E,Cuatrecasaş P

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 4D organization of the interphase nucleus, or the 4D Nucleome (4DN), reflects a dynamical interaction between 3D genome structure and function and its relationship to phenotype. We present initial analyses of the human 4DN, capturing genome-wide structure using chromosome conformation capture and 3D imaging, and f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen H,Chen J,Muir LA,Ronquist S,Meixner W,Ljungman M,Ried T,Smale S,Rajapakse I

更新日期：2015-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple studies have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Notably, miR-155 is one of the most overexpressed miRNAs in several solid and hematological malignancies. Ectopic miR-155 expression in mice B cells (Eμ-miR-155 transgenic mice) has been shown to induce ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sandhu SK,Volinia S,Costinean S,Galasso M,Neinast R,Santhanam R,Parthun MR,Perrotti D,Marcucci G,Garzon R,Croce CM

更新日期：2012-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Resonance Raman and optical absorption spectra of ligand-free (deoxy) myoglobin and CO-bound myoglobin (MbCO) at pH 2.6 have been measured by using continuous-flow/rapid-mixing techniques. The spectra of deoxy myoglobin at low pH within 6 ms of the pH drop demonstrate that the iron-histidine bond has been ruptured but...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han S,Rousseau DL,Giacometti G,Brunori M

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A specific lipoprotein of the E. coli outer membrane has been synthesized in a cell-free system directed by purified messenger RNA. The mRNA for the lipoprotein was purified as 7S RNA about 250-fold from exponentially growing cells. Protein synthesis of the cell-free system was totally dependent upon the addition of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirashima A,Wang S,Inouye M

更新日期：1974-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human embryonic zeta-globin chains are alpha-globin-like chains that are normally present during the first three months of gestation. In this investigation, zeta-globin chains measured by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay and by an electrophoretic technique were found to be present in all 7 patients studied wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chung SW,Wong SC,Clarke BJ,Patterson M,Walker WH,Chui DH

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anatoxin-a, a bicyclic amine isolated from blue-green alga, binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo electric tissue, thereby inducing conformational changes in the postsynaptic receptor--ion channel complex as evidenced by alterations in the binding of radiolabeled ligands to the complex. Anatoxin-a b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aronstam RS,Witkop B

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neonatal Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn) is a distant member of the MHC class I protein family. It binds IgG and albumin in a pH-dependent manner and protects these from catabolism by diverting them from a degradative fate in lysosomes. In addition, FcRn-mediated IgG transport across epithelial barriers is responsible ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qiao SW,Kobayashi K,Johansen FE,Sollid LM,Andersen JT,Milford E,Roopenian DC,Lencer WI,Blumberg RS

更新日期：2008-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A powerful way to deal with a complex system is to build a coarse-grained model capable of catching its main physical features, while being computationally affordable. Inevitably, such coarse-grained models introduce a set of phenomenological parameters, which are often not easily deducible from the underlying atomist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Invernizzi M,Valsson O,Parrinello M

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:An obstacle in the utilization of catalytic Abs for selective prodrug activation in cancer therapy has been systemic tumor targeting. Here we report the generation of catalytic Abs that effectively target tumor cells with undiminished prodrug activation capability. Ab conjugates were prepared by covalent conjugation o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abraham S,Guo F,Li LS,Rader C,Liu C,Barbas CF 3rd,Lerner RA,Sinha SC

更新日期：2007-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Analyses of amino-acid sequences of the total cell-free products programmed by the mRNA of MOPC-104E gamma light (L)-chain show that over 95% of the products have sequences of a distinct protein that correspond to the L-chain precursor. In this precursor an extra piece is coupled to the NH2-terminus of the mature L-ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burstein Y,Kantour F,Schechter I

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) initially came to prominence because of its anti-tumor activity, most attention is now focused on its proinflammatory actions. TNF appears to play a critical role in both early and late events involved in inflammation, from localizing the noxious agent and amplifying the cellular a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marino MW,Dunn A,Grail D,Inglese M,Noguchi Y,Richards E,Jungbluth A,Wada H,Moore M,Williamson B,Basu S,Old LJ

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed an efficient, versatile, and user-friendly viral engineering and expression system that is based on in planta assembly of functional viral vectors from separate pro-vector modules. With this new system, instead of supplying a plant cell with a complete viral vector as a mature viral particle, an RNA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marillonnet S,Giritch A,Gils M,Kandzia R,Klimyuk V,Gleba Y

更新日期：2004-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is essential for the induction of inflammatory cytokines, but the mechanism by which IRF5 is activated is not well understood. Here we present evidence that the kinase IKKβ phosphorylates and activates IRF5 in response to stimulation in several inflammator...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ren J,Chen X,Chen ZJ

更新日期：2014-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pituitary corticotropin, is one of the first endocrine systems to develop during fetal life, probably because glucocorticoid secretion is necessary for the maturation of many essential fetal organs. Consiste...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Venihaki M,Carrigan A,Dikkes P,Majzoub JA

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinach chloroplasts were found to contain three forms of cytochrome b(559) that have the same alpha-peak at 559 nm, but are distinguished from one another by their oxidation-reduction potentials. The high-potential (H) form (E(m) about 330-350 mV) is reducible by hydroquinone, the middle-potential (M) form (E(m) abou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wada K,Arnon DI

更新日期：1971-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the role of the myosin hinge region in muscle contraction, we examined the contraction characteristics and Mg-ATPase activity of glycerinated muscle fibers prepared from rabbit psoas in the presence and absence of polyclonal antibody directed against the subfragment 2 (S-2) region of myosin. The antibod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugi H,Kobayashi T,Gross T,Noguchi K,Karr T,Harrington WF

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of the relative inaccessibility of known calciferol target tissues (i.e., intestine and bone), we examined fibroblasts derived from normal human skin and grown in tissue culture as a means of evaluating the interaction of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and its effector system. When dispersed, inta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eil C,Marx SJ

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two forms of lactoferrin, an intact lactoferrin and a "nicked" but apparently intact (i.e., 78-kDa) form, have been isolated from the urine of preterm infants fed human milk. These two forms of lactoferrin, demonstrated to be entirely of maternal origin, were copurified using affinity columns of immobilized single-str...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hutchens TW,Henry JF,Yip TT

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is a critical transcription factor that regulates epithelial cell proliferation and ductal morphogenesis during postnatal mammary gland development. Tissue recombination and transplantation studies using the first generation of ERalpha knockout (ERKO) mice suggested that this ster...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Feng Y,Manka D,Wagner KU,Khan SA

更新日期：2007-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Permanent transfer of genetic information from chromosomes isolated from human diploid cells to recipient cells has been demonstrated. Human metaphase chromosomes were incubated with mouse A9 fibroblasts deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8) and a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burch JW,McBride OW

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholesterol synthesis in animals is controlled by the regulated transport of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where the transcription factors are processed proteolytically to release active fragments. Transport is inhibited by either cholesterol or oxyste...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radhakrishnan A,Ikeda Y,Kwon HJ,Brown MS,Goldstein JL

更新日期：2007-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral nerve injury induces a robust proregenerative program that drives axon regeneration. While many regeneration-associated genes are known, the mechanisms by which injury activates them are less well-understood. To identify such mechanisms, we performed a loss-of-function pharmacological screen in cultured adu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karney-Grobe S,Russo A,Frey E,Milbrandt J,DiAntonio A

更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The photoaffinity labeling agent 5-azidoindole-3-acetic acid, an analog of the endogenous plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin), was used to identify indole-3-acetic acid-binding proteins in maize. Two peptides with subunit molecular masses of 24 and 22 kilodaltons are specifically labeled in a saturable manne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones AM,Venis MA

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00