Notes on the role of dynamic DNA methylation in mammalian development.

abstract：:The peptide chain release factor 2 (RF2) gene, prfB, was cloned from Salmonella typhimurium by DNA hybridization using the Escherichia coli prfB probe. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of prfB are 87.0% and 95.6% homologous between E. coli and S. typhimurium, respectively, including an in-frame premature UGA st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kawakami K,Nakamura Y

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:LMB-7 [B3(Fv)-PE38] is a single-chain immunotoxin constructed from the murine monoclonal antibody B3 and a truncated from of Pseudomonas exotoxin PE38. Antibody B3 recognizes a carbohydrate epitope found on solid tumors that frequently invade the intrathecal space and cause neoplastic meningitis. We tested the therape...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pastan IH,Archer GE,McLendon RE,Friedman HS,Fuchs HE,Wang QC,Pai LH,Herndon J,Bigner DD

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Persephin (Pspn), a recently cloned member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily (TGF-beta) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) subfamily, is distributed throughout the nervous system at extremely low levels and is thought to function as a survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic and s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tomac AC,Agulnick AD,Haughey N,Chang CF,Zhang Y,Bäckman C,Morales M,Mattson MP,Wang Y,Westphal H,Hoffer BJ

更新日期：2002-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Inactivation of the p53 pathway represents the most common molecular defect of human cancer. But in the setting of melanoma, a highly aggressive and invariably fatal malignancy in its advanced disseminated form, mutation/deletion of p53 is relatively rare, whereas its positive regulator ARF is often lost. Here, we sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ha L,Ichikawa T,Anver M,Dickins R,Lowe S,Sharpless NE,Krimpenfort P,Depinho RA,Bennett DC,Sviderskaya EV,Merlino G

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemotherapeutic drug Taxol is known to interact within a specific site on beta-tubulin. Although the general location of the site has been defined by photoaffinity labeling and electron crystallography, the original data were insufficient to make an absolute determination of the bound conformation. We have now co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Snyder JP,Nettles JH,Cornett B,Downing KH,Nogales E

更新日期：2001-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly purified RNA polymerase II was found to be able to weakly recognize the initiator (Inr) present in the adenovirus IVa2 and major late promoters. The association of RNA polymerase II with the Inr was enhanced by the general transcription factors. The Inr was capable of directing the formation of a DNA-protein co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carcamo J,Buckbinder L,Reinberg D

更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The human beta-globin locus control region (LCR) consists of four erythroid-specific DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) at the 5' end of the beta-globin cluster. The LCR functions over a long distance on chromosome 11 to regulate transcription and replication of the beta-globin genes. To determine whether the HSs funct...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bresnick EH,Tze L

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In autotrophically grown Chlorella cells, glucose induces a hexose transport system but, at the same time, the synthesis of two amino acid transport systems is also induced. Thus, the rates of uptake of glycine, L-alanine, L-proline, and L-serine, all of which compete with each other for entry into the cells, increase...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cho BH,Sauer N,Komor E,Tanner W

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human diploid fibroblasts underwent lysis when resuspended in isotonic sucrose. After preparation of a granular fraction by differential centrifugation, lysosomes were almost completely purified by free-flow electrophoresis. Electron micrographs of the final fraction of fibroblast lysosomes (about 25-fold purified) sh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harms E,Kern H,Schneider JA

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) is being used to develop methods to control pests and disease vectors. RNAi is robust and systemic in coleopteran insects but is quite variable in other insects. The determinants of efficient RNAi in coleopterans, as well as its potential mechanisms of resistance, are not known. RNAi screen ide...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoon JS,Mogilicherla K,Gurusamy D,Chen X,Chereddy SCRR,Palli SR

更新日期：2018-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:T7 gene 5 DNA polymerase (gp5) and its processivity factor, Escherichia coli thioredoxin, together with the T7 gene 4 DNA helicase, catalyze strand displacement synthesis on duplex DNA processively (>17,000 nucleotides per binding event). The processive DNA synthesis is resistant to the addition of a DNA trap. However...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnson DE,Takahashi M,Hamdan SM,Lee SJ,Richardson CC

更新日期：2007-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, organisms acquire three-dimensional (3D) shapes with important physiological consequences. While basic mechanisms underlying morphogenesis are known in eukaryotes, it is often difficult to manipulate them in vivo. To circumvent this issue, here we present a study of developing Vibrio cholerae biofi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fei C,Mao S,Yan J,Alert R,Stone HA,Bassler BL,Wingreen NS,Košmrlj A

更新日期：2020-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone mineralization is an essential step during the embryonic development of vertebrates, and bone serves vital functions in human physiology. To systematically identify unique gene functions essential for osteogenesis, we performed a forward genetic screen in zebrafish and isolated a mutant, no bone (nob), that does ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huitema LF,Apschner A,Logister I,Spoorendonk KM,Bussmann J,Hammond CL,Schulte-Merker S

更新日期：2012-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Assemblies formed by solid particles at interfaces have been widely studied because they serve as models of molecular phenomena, including molecular self-assembly. Solid particles adsorbed at interfaces also provide a means of stabilizing liquid-liquid emulsions and synthesizing materials with tunable mechanical, opti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koenig GM Jr,Lin IH,Abbott NL

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is one of only two mammalian enzymes known to contain both FAD and FMN, the other being nitric-oxide synthase. CPR is a membrane-bound protein and catalyzes electron transfer from NADPH to all known microsomal cytochromes P450. The structure of rat liver CPR, expressed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang M,Roberts DL,Paschke R,Shea TM,Masters BS,Kim JJ

更新日期：1997-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracisternal A-particles were isolated from three different myeloma lines in BALB/c mice and from cultured neuroblastoma cells of A/J origin. All preparations contained a major structural protein with an apparent molecular weight near 70,000 as estimated by electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-containi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuff EL,Leuders KK,Ozer HL,Wivel NA

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Corticosteroid hormones are critical for controlling metabolism, hydromineral balance, and the stress response in vertebrates. Although corticosteroid hormones have been well characterized in most vertebrate groups, the identity of the earliest vertebrate corticosteroid hormone has remained elusive. Here we provide ev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Close DA,Yun SS,McCormick SD,Wildbill AJ,Li W

更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant Mentzelia pumila (family Loasaceae) has leaves and stems densely covered with tiny hooked trichomes. The structures entrap and kill insects and therefore are most probably protective. But they are also maladaptive in that they incapacitate a coccinellid beetle (Hippodamia convergens) that preys upon an aphid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eisner T,Eisner M,Hoebeke ER

更新日期：1998-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The roles of glycosylation and protein synthesis in the maintenance of insulin receptor levels and turnover rates in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated. The heavy isotope density-shift technique was employed to determine the effects of inhibitors of these processes on the rates of synthesis and degradation of cellula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed BC,Ronnett GV,Lane MD

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The placenta is essential for the success of therian mammalian reproduction. Intense selective pressure has shaped changes in placental anatomy and function during mammalian cladogenesis. Here we challenge the view that the hemochorial placenta is a derived feature in haplorhine primates. Using phylogenetic and statis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wildman DE,Chen C,Erez O,Grossman LI,Goodman M,Romero R

更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A synthetic polymer has been prepared which contains dodecyl groups (to bind small substrate molecules) and methyleneimidazole side chains (as nucleophilic catalytic sites) linked to a polyethyleneimine framework. This macromolecule, with a high local concentration of binding and catalytic groups, catalyzes the hydrol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klotz IM,Royer GP,Scarpa IS

更新日期：1971-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a complex system for switching the mating type of haploid cells, requiring the genome to have three mating-type (MAT)-like loci and a mechanism for silencing two of them. How this system originated is unknown, because the three-locus system is present throughout the family Saccharomycetace...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hanson SJ,Byrne KP,Wolfe KH

更新日期：2014-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:When the Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) ions normally present in concanavalin A are removed, the protein becomes incapable of binding saccharides. To explore the structural differences between the native and demetallized forms and their effects on the saccharide-binding properties of the protein, we have refined and compared the c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeke GN Jr,Becker JW,Edelman GM

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tremendous pandemic potential of coronaviruses was demonstrated twice in the past few decades by two global outbreaks of deadly pneumonia. The coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein initiates infection by promoting fusion of the viral and cellular membranes through conformational changes that remain largely uncharacte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walls AC,Tortorici MA,Snijder J,Xiong X,Bosch BJ,Rey FA,Veesler D

更新日期：2017-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial RNases catalyze the turnover of RNA and are essential for gene expression and quality surveillance of transcripts. In Escherichia coli, the exoribonucleases RNase R and polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) play critical roles in degrading RNA. Here, we developed an optical-trapping assay to monitor the tran...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fazal FM,Koslover DJ,Luisi BF,Block SM

更新日期：2015-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The human amygdala plays a key role in recognizing facial emotions and neurons in the monkey and human amygdala respond to the emotional expression of faces. However, it remains unknown whether these responses are driven primarily by properties of the stimulus or by the perceptual judgments of the perceiver. We invest...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang S,Tudusciuc O,Mamelak AN,Ross IB,Adolphs R,Rutishauser U

更新日期：2014-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Radioimmunoassays specific for the N and C termini of human prothymosin alpha and the N terminus of human parathymosin alpha were employed for the measurement of the levels of alpha-thymosins in human thymus, spleen, and liver during normal growth and intestine and breast in malignant growth. A differential expression...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsitsiloni OE,Stiakakis J,Koutselinis A,Gogas J,Markopoulos C,Yialouris P,Bekris S,Panoussopoulos D,Kiortsis V,Voelter W

更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Competing populations in shared spaces with nonrenewable resources do not necessarily wage a battle for dominance at the cost of extinction of the less-fit strain if there are fitness advantages to the presence of the other strain. We report on the use of nanofabricated habitat landscapes to study the population dynam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keymer JE,Galajda P,Lambert G,Liao D,Austin RH

更新日期：2008-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of the water-soluble mammary carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU; 35 mg/kg of body weight) elicited cancer of the breast in young female rats of two strains in the following incidence: Long-Evans strain, 4%; Sprague-Dawley strain, 70%. In sisters of these rats, a set of 5 i.v. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huggins CB,Ueda N,Wiessler M

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surface Ig (sIg) of follicular lymphoma (FL) is vital for tumor cell survival. We found previously that the Ig in FL is unusual, because the variable region genes carry sequence motifs for N-glycan addition. These are introduced by somatic mutation and are tumor specific. Unexpectedly, added glycans terminate at high ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coelho V,Krysov S,Ghaemmaghami AM,Emara M,Potter KN,Johnson P,Packham G,Martinez-Pomares L,Stevenson FK

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00