Abstract:
:The Mauer mandible, holotype of Homo heidelbergensis, was found in 1907 in fluvial sands deposited by the Neckar River 10 km southeast of Heidelberg, Germany. The fossil is an important key to understanding early human occupation of Europe north of the Alps. Given the associated mammal fauna and the geological context, the find layer has been placed in the early Middle Pleistocene, but confirmatory chronometric evidence has hitherto been missing. Here we show that two independent techniques, the combined electron spin resonance/U-series method used with mammal teeth and infrared radiofluorescence applied to sand grains, date the type-site of Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer to 609 ± 40 ka. This result demonstrates that the mandible is the oldest hominin fossil reported to date from central and northern Europe and raises questions concerning the phyletic relationship of Homo heidelbergensis to more ancient populations documented from southern Europe and in Africa. We address the paleoanthropological significance of the Mauer jaw in light of this dating evidence.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Wagner GA,Krbetschek M,Degering D,Bahain JJ,Shao Q,Falguères C,Voinchet P,Dolo JM,Garcia T,Rightmire GPdoi
10.1073/pnas.1012722107subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-16 00:00:00pages
19726-30issue
46eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1012722107journal_volume
107pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::The mitochondrial uniporter is a Ca2+-channel complex resident within the organelle's inner membrane. In mammalian cells the uniporter's activity is regulated by Ca2+ due to concerted action of MICU1 and MICU2, two paralogous, but functionally distinct, EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins. Here we present the X-ray structur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1817759116
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of alternative splicing in regulating apoptosis has been suggested by findings of functionally antagonistic proteins generated by alternative splicing of several genes involved in apoptosis. Among these, Ich-1 (also named as caspase-2) encodes a member of the caspase family of proteases. Two forms of Ic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.16.9155
更新日期:1998-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic transmission of the light response from photoreceptors to second-order cells of the retina was studied with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retinal slices. Synaptic strength is modulated by extracellular pH in a striking manner: Light-sensitive postsynaptic curren...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.21.10081
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern practice for training classification deepnets involves a terminal phase of training (TPT), which begins at the epoch where training error first vanishes. During TPT, the training error stays effectively zero, while training loss is pushed toward zero. Direct measurements of TPT, for three prototypical deepnet a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2015509117
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::We have devised a general strategy for gene mapping based upon the direct amplification of a target sequence within a single microdissected Giemsa-banded chromosomal segment using the polymerase chain reaction. The usefulness of this approach was demonstrated by mapping a cloned human brain sodium channel (alpha subun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.2.335
更新日期:1991-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The spleen is the lymphoid organ that induces immune responses toward blood-borne pathogens. Specialized macrophages in the splenic marginal zone are strategically positioned to phagocytose pathogens and cell debris, but are not known to play a role in the activation of T-cell responses. Here we demonstrate that splen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0909541107
更新日期:2010-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::A molecular dynamics simulation of the gramicidin A channel in an explicit dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayer was generated to study the details of lipid-protein interactions at the microscopic level. Solid-state NMR properties of the channel averaged over the 500-psec trajectory are in excellent agreement with a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.24.11631
更新日期:1994-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::Translocations involving chromosome band 11q23, found in acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, disrupt the MLL gene. This gene encodes a putative transcription factor with homology to the zinc fingers and other domains of the Drosophila trithorax gene product and to the "AT-hook" motif of high mobility group proteins....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10610
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Surface topography profoundly influences cell adhesion, differentiation, and stem cell fate control. Numerous studies using a variety of materials demonstrate that nanoscale topographies change the intracellular organization of actin cytoskeleton and therefore a broad range of cellular dynamics in live cells. However,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1910166116
更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Although it has been known for decades that the tight junctions of fluid-transporting epithelia are leaky to ions, it has not been possible to determine directly whether significant transjunctional water movement also occurs. An optical microscopic technique was developed for the direct visualization of the flow veloc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.6526
更新日期:1998-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in the United States. The two main virulence factors of C. difficile are the large toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which enter colonic epithelial cells and cause fluid secretion, inflammation, and cell death. Using a gene-trap insertional mutagenesis scre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1500791112
更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The lacY gene of Escherichia coli was cut into two approximately equal-size fragments with Afl II and subcloned individually or together under separate lac operator/promoters in plasmid pT7-5. Under these conditions, lac permease is expressed in two portions: (i) the N-terminal portion (the N terminus, the first six p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.11.4325
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of cellulose microfibrils in wood is not known in detail, despite the abundance of cellulose in woody biomass and its importance for biology, energy, and engineering. The structure of the microfibrils of spruce wood cellulose was investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods coupled to small-angle ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1108942108
更新日期:2011-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::We simulated the behavior of suspended carbon nanotube resonators over a broad range of temperatures to explore the physics of semiflexible polymers in underdamped environments. We find that thermal fluctuations induce strong coupling between resonance modes. This effect leads to spectral fluctuations that readily acc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1216407109
更新日期:2012-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::E2A helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in the control of various developmental pathways. We show here by in situ hybridization that E2A transcripts are present in most embryonic and adult tissues. However, no E2A expression is detectable in heart and nonproliferative regions of the brain and spinal cord. Highest l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7583
更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is known to bud from the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. The structural gene for the glycoprotein gB, which is essential for virus entry and cell fusion induced by HSV type 1, has been cloned in a transient expression vector containing the adenovirus major late promoter, tripartite l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.16.5675
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the trimeric HIV-1 envelope (Env) spike, the first and second variable loops (V1V2 region) and the third variable loop (V3) of the gp120 subunit play dual roles in antibody recognition, because they contain neutralization epitopes and also participate in epitope masking. The spatial relationships between V1V2 a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1104840108
更新日期:2011-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations in synaptic input, persisting for hours to days, elicit homeostatic plastic changes in the axon initial segment (AIS), which is pivotal for spike generation. Here, in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of both primary cultures and slices, we triggered a unique form of AIS plasticity by selectively targeting M-t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1708700114
更新日期:2017-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Under various conditions, specific genetic areas of the phage T4 DNA molecule are preferentially and repeatedly replicated, resulting in the amplification of these areas. These areas are found to lie in the vicinity of the known origins of DNA replication. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5064
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reports differ as to whether reconstitution of telomerase activity alone is sufficient for immortalization of different types of human somatic cells or whether additional activities encoded by other "immortalizing" genes are also required. Here we show that ectopic expression of either the catalytic subunit of human t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.646
更新日期:2001-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular basis of the magnetic sense remains an unsolved scientific mystery. One theory that aims to explain how animals detect the magnetic field is the magnetite hypothesis. It argues that intracellular crystals of the iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) are coupled to mechanosensitive channels that elicit neuronal act...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1407915112
更新日期:2015-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Taking advantage of a fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator selectively targeted to the trans-Golgi lumen, we here demonstrate that its Ca(2+) homeostatic mechanisms are distinct from those of the other Golgi subcompartments: (i) Ca(2+) uptake depends exclusively on the activity of the secretory pathway Ca(2+) ATPase1 (SPCA1),...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1004702107
更新日期:2010-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5, a rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium that suppresses several soilborne pathogens of plants, produces the antibiotics pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. A gene necessary for pyrrolnitrin production by Pf-5 was identified as rpoS, which encodes the stationary-phase sig...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12255
更新日期:1995-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in the number of polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeats in the gene that encodes the huntingtin (htt) protein. A property of the mutant protein that is intimately involved in the development of the disease is the propensity of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408134101
更新日期:2004-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Mutational activation of the Ras oncogene products (H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras) is frequently observed in human cancers, making them promising anticancer drug targets. Nonetheless, no effective strategy has been available for the development of Ras inhibitors, partly owing to the absence of well-defined surface pockets s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1217730110
更新日期:2013-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Proinflammatory macrophages are key mediators in several pathologies; thus, controlling their activation is necessary. The endocannabinoid system is implicated in various inflammatory processes. Here we show that in macrophages, the newly characterized enzyme α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) controls 2-arachidonoylglyce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1314017110
更新日期:2013-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence indicates there is a role for small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, as vehicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by most cell types can mediate transfer of proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs, but their role in the transmission of infectious agents is less established. Recent studie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1221899110
更新日期:2013-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse optical imaging are promising methods that eventually may enhance or replace existing technologies for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. These techniques are based on highly sensitive, quantitative measurements of optical and functional contrast between healt...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.071511098
更新日期:2001-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic crossing-over was used in heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster to effect clonal homozygosity for three mutants (h, Hw, ac). In these mutants, one type of process, chaetae, replaces another type, trichomes, in specific patterns on the adult fly. Heterozygous individuals were irradiated at different larval or pu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.9.2222
更新日期:1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of Alzheimer disease is unclear. However, immunological aberrations have been suggested to be critical factors in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disease. This study was carried out to investigate if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Alzheimer disease patients contains antibodies that recognize sp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.24.9214
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00