Unique characteristics of Ca2+ homeostasis of the trans-Golgi compartment.

abstract：:In the basal ganglia, inputs from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are transmitted through both direct and indirect pathways and control reward-based learning. In the NAc, dopamine (DA) serves as a key neurotransmitter, modulating these two parallel pathways. This study explored how reward learning and its flexibility are ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yawata S,Yamaguchi T,Danjo T,Hikida T,Nakanishi S

更新日期：2012-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the expression of simian virus 40 (SV40) specific tumor antigen (T-antigen) and viral RNA in SV40-transformed mouse 3T3 cells that are temperature-sensitive for the expression of the transformed phenotype (ts SV3T3). Although transformed by wild-type SV40, ts SV3T3 cells at 32 degrees behave like stand...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Basilico C,Zouzias D

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological and genetic association studies show that genetics play an important role in the attainment of education. Here, we investigate the effect of this genetic component on the reproductive history of 109,120 Icelanders and the consequent impact on the gene pool over time. We show that an educational attainm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kong A,Frigge ML,Thorleifsson G,Stefansson H,Young AI,Zink F,Jonsdottir GA,Okbay A,Sulem P,Masson G,Gudbjartsson DF,Helgason A,Bjornsdottir G,Thorsteinsdottir U,Stefansson K

更新日期：2017-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the importance of tuberculosis as a public health problem, we know relatively little about the molecular mechanisms used by the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to persist in the host. To define these mechanisms, we have mutated virtually every nonessential gene of M. tuberculosis and determined...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sassetti CM,Rubin EJ

更新日期：2003-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans, septal defects are among the most prevalent congenital heart diseases, but their cellular and molecular origins are not fully understood. We report that transcription factor Tbx5 is present in a subpopulation of endocardial cells and that its deletion therein results in fully penetrant, dose-dependent atria...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nadeau M,Georges RO,Laforest B,Yamak A,Lefebvre C,Beauregard J,Paradis P,Bruneau BG,Andelfinger G,Nemer M

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock in mammals, sends major output signals to the subparaventricular zone (SPZ) and further to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the neural mechanism of which is largely unknown. In this study, the intracellular calcium levels were measured continuously in cul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu YE,Enoki R,Oda Y,Huang ZL,Honma KI,Honma S

更新日期：2018-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural requirements of E. coli formylmethionine tRNA for aminoacylation have been examined by chemical modification of the tRNA, followed by separation of the modified molecules into active and inactive components. Photooxidation of tRNA(fMet) at 50 degrees in the presence of methylene blue results in modifica...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schulman LH

更新日期：1972-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Trichosanthin, a eukaryotic ribosome-inactivating protein from Trichosanthes kirilowii, inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The alpha-trichosanthin gene was placed under the transcriptional control of a tobamovirus subgenomic promoter in a plant RNA viral vector. Two week...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kumagai MH,Turpen TH,Weinzettl N,della-Cioppa G,Turpen AM,Donson J,Hilf ME,Grantham GL,Dawson WO,Chow TP

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Lewis base catalyzed bromo- and iodolactonization reactions have been developed and the effects of catalyst structure on rate and cyclization selectivity have been systematically explored. The effects of substrate structure on halolactonization reactions and the interaction of those effects with the effects of catalys...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Denmark SE,Burk MT

更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A highly effective vaccine would be a valuable weapon in the drive toward malaria elimination. No such vaccine currently exists, and only a handful of the hundreds of potential candidates in the parasite genome have been evaluated. In this study, we systematically evaluated 29 antigens likely to be involved in erythro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bustamante LY,Powell GT,Lin YC,Macklin MD,Cross N,Kemp A,Cawkill P,Sanderson T,Crosnier C,Muller-Sienerth N,Doumbo OK,Traore B,Crompton PD,Cicuta P,Tran TM,Wright GJ,Rayner JC

更新日期：2017-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In this era of unprecedented biodiversity loss and increased zoonotic disease emergence, it is imperative to understand the effects of biodiversity on zoonotic pathogen dynamics in wildlife. Whether increasing biodiversity should lead to a decrease or increase in infection prevalence, termed the dilution and amplifica...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luis AD,Kuenzi AJ,Mills JN

更新日期：2018-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The best-studied cytoskeletal system is the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane, which provides an erythrocyte with the structural support needed to be stable yet flexible as it passes through the circulation. Current structural models predict that the spectrin-actin-based cytoskeletal network is attached to the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stefanovic M,Markham NO,Parry EM,Garrett-Beal LJ,Cline AP,Gallagher PG,Low PS,Bodine DM

更新日期：2007-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of methylcytosine dioxygenases initiates demethylation of DNA and is associated with tumorigenesis in many cancers; however, the mechanism is mostly unknown. Here we identify upstream activators and downstream effectors of TET1 in breast cancer using human breast cancer cells ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun M,Song CX,Huang H,Frankenberger CA,Sankarasharma D,Gomes S,Chen P,Chen J,Chada KK,He C,Rosner MR

更新日期：2013-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Calmodulin, a wide-spread eukaryotic Ca2+-binding protein, was phosphorylated at its tyrosine residues in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed chicken and rat cells but not in normal chicken embryo fibroblasts. In contrast, serine and threonine phosphorylation of calmodulin was found to occur in both normal and virus-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fukami Y,Nakamura T,Nakayama A,Kanehisa T

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian nervous system function involves billions of neurons which are interconnected in a multitude of neural circuits. Here we describe a genetic approach to chart neural circuits. By using an olfactory-specific promoter, we selectively expressed barley lectin in sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and vom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horowitz LF,Montmayeur JP,Echelard Y,Buck LB

更新日期：1999-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Deinococcus radiodurans is among a small number of bacterial species that are extremely resistant to ionizing radiation, UV light, toxic chemicals, and desiccation. We measured proteome oxidation (i.e., protein carbonylation, PC) in D. radiodurans as well as in standard and evolved resistant strains of Escherichia col...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krisko A,Radman M

更新日期：2010-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise of peptides with secondary structures and functions would have been a key step in the chemical evolution which led to life. As with modern biology, amino acid sequence would have been a primary determinant of peptide structure and activity in an origins-of-life scenario. It is a commonly held hypothesis that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Forsythe JG,Petrov AS,Millar WC,Yu SS,Krishnamurthy R,Grover MA,Hud NV,Fernández FM

更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been reported that an insulin 2 gene knockout, when bred onto nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, accelerates diabetes. We produced insulin 1 gene knockout congenic NOD mice. In contrast to insulin 2, diabetes and insulitis were markedly reduced in insulin 1 knockout mice, with decreased and delayed diabetes in heter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moriyama H,Abiru N,Paronen J,Sikora K,Liu E,Miao D,Devendra D,Beilke J,Gianani R,Gill RG,Eisenbarth GS

更新日期：2003-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:By exploiting the cell-cycle-dependent proteolysis of two ubiquitination oscillators, human Cdt1 and geminin, which are the direct substrates of SCF(Skp2) and APC(Cdh1) complexes, respectively, Fucci technique labels mammalian cell nuclei in G(1) and S/G(2)/M phases with different colors. Transgenic mice expressing th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugiyama M,Sakaue-Sawano A,Iimura T,Fukami K,Kitaguchi T,Kawakami K,Okamoto H,Higashijima S,Miyawaki A

更新日期：2009-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) contributes to approximately 80% of all Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs), a highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. MCV-positive MCC expresses small T antigen (ST) and a truncated form of large T antigen (LT) and usually contains wild-type p53 (TP53) and RB (RB1). In contras...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park DE,Cheng J,Berrios C,Montero J,Cortés-Cros M,Ferretti S,Arora R,Tillgren ML,Gokhale PC,DeCaprio JA

更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A critical step in neuronal development is the formation of axon/dendrite polarity, a process involving symmetry breaking in the newborn neuron. Local self-amplifying processes could enhance and stabilize the initial asymmetry in the distribution of axon/dendrite determinants, but the identity of these processes remai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng PL,Song AH,Wong YH,Wang S,Zhang X,Poo MM

更新日期：2011-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest that the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) regulates cardiovascular functions during embryogenesis and adulthood. 5-HT binds to numerous cognate receptors to initiate its biological effects. However, none of the 5-HT receptor disruptions in mice have yet resulted in embryonic defe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nebigil CG,Choi DS,Dierich A,Hickel P,Le Meur M,Messaddeq N,Launay JM,Maroteaux L

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A 38-base-pair region required for normal CYC1 mRNA 3' end formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to be necessary for the termination of transcription in vivo by examining the stability of CEN3 plasmids. CEN3 plasmids were stably maintained during vegetative growth, unless a GAL1 transcript impinged on the CE...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Russo P,Sherman F

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inward rectifying potassium (Kir) channels participate in regulating potassium concentration (K(+)) in the central nervous system (CNS), including in the retina. We explored the contribution of Kir channels to retinal function by delivering Kir antibodies (Kir-Abs) into the rat eye in vivo to interrupt channel activit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raz-Prag D,Grimes WN,Fariss RN,Vijayasarathy C,Campos MM,Bush RA,Diamond JS,Sieving PA

更新日期：2010-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins, nucleic acids, and fluorescein-conjugated antibody are shown to be identifidable in situ via the fluorescence excited by the focused electron beam of a canning electron microscope. A molecular species is identified by its characteristic fluorescence spectrum and by a characteristic alteration of the spectrum...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hough PV,McKinney WR,Ledbeter MC,Pollack RE,Moos HW

更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine and is specific for the S epimer of methionine sulfoxide. The enzyme participates in defense against oxidative stresses by reducing methionine sulfoxide residues in proteins back to methionine. Because oxidation of me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lim JC,You Z,Kim G,Levine RL

更新日期：2011-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Phenotypic modification of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons represents an important mechanism underlying neuropathic pain. However, the nerve injury-induced molecular changes are not fully identified. To determine the molecular alterations in a broader way, we have carried out cDNA array on the genes mainly made fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiao HS,Huang QH,Zhang FX,Bao L,Lu YJ,Guo C,Yang L,Huang WJ,Fu G,Xu SH,Cheng XP,Yan Q,Zhu ZD,Zhang X,Chen Z,Han ZG,Zhang X

更新日期：2002-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish Samsun NN plants were transformed with a modified and truncated replicase gene encoded by RNA-2 of cucumber mosaic virus strain Fny. The replicase gene had been modified by deleting a 94-base-pair region spanning nucleotides 1857-1950; the deletion also caused a shift in the open reading ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson JM,Palukaitis P,Zaitlin M

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The tetrodotoxin binding component of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel from Electrophorus electricus electroplax was purified by using a monoclonal antibody. An impure preparation of tetrodotoxin binding component was mixed with the pure monoclonal antibody, and the immune complex so formed was isolated by affinit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakayama H,Withy RM,Raftery MA

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naked mole-rats form eusocial colonies consisting of a single breeding female (the queen), several breeding males, and sexually immature adults (subordinates). Subordinates are cooperative and provide alloparental care by huddling and retrieving pups to the nest. However, the physiological mechanism(s) underlying allo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Watarai A,Arai N,Miyawaki S,Okano H,Miura K,Mogi K,Kikusui T

更新日期：2018-09-11 00:00:00