Species diversity concurrently dilutes and amplifies transmission in a zoonotic host-pathogen system through competing mechanisms.

abstract：:To identify proteins that regulate the transcriptional activity of c-Jun, we have used the yeast two-hybrid screen to detect mammalian polypeptides that might interact functionally with the N-terminal segment of c-Jun, a known regulatory region. Among the proteins identified is a short form of Stat3 (designated Stat3 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schaefer TS,Sanders LK,Nathans D

更新日期：1995-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for physical mapping in human and other mammalian species. However, application of the FISH technique has been limited in plant species, especially for mapping single- or low-copy DNA sequences, due to inconsistent signal production in plant chromosome prepa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang J,Gill BS,Wang GL,Ronald PC,Ward DC

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Relatively little is known about neurobiological changes attributable to early-life stressors (e.g., orphanage rearing), even though they have been associated with a heightened risk for later psychopathology. Human neuroimaging and animal studies provide complementary insights into the neural basis of problem behavior...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malter Cohen M,Jing D,Yang RR,Tottenham N,Lee FS,Casey BJ

更新日期：2013-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence for perceptual periodicity emerges from studies showing periodic fluctuations in visual perception and decision making that are accompanied by neural oscillations in brain activity. We have uncovered signs of periodicity in the time course of binocular rivalry, a widely studied form of multistable perception....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cha O,Blake R

更新日期：2019-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Ras proteins are small GTP binding proteins that serve as critical relays in a variety of signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells. Like most metazoan Ras proteins, yeast Ras is post-translationally modified by addition of a farnesyl and a palmitoyl moiety, and these modifications are required for targeting th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhattacharya S,Chen L,Broach JR,Powers S

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA was extracted from the remains of 35 ground sloths from various parts of North and South America. Two specimens of Mylodon darwinii, a species that went extinct at the end of the last glaciation, yielded amplifiable DNA. However, of the total DNA extracted, only approximately 1/1000 originated from the sloth, wher...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Höss M,Dilling A,Currant A,Pääbo S

更新日期：1996-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The beta-globin locus control region (LCR) consists of four erythroid-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites, which are necessary for high-level expression of the beta-like globin genes in erythroid tissues. One of these sites, designated 5'HS-2, functions as an erythroid-specific enhancer element in transfection and t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu D,Chang JC,Moi P,Liu W,Kan YW,Curtin PT

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron/sulfur cluster (ISC)-containing proteins are essential components of cells. In most eukaryotes, Fe/S clusters are synthesized by the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the cytosolic iron/sulfur assembly system, and, in photosynthetic species, a plastid sulfur-mobilization (SUF) system. Here we show that the anaerobic h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsaousis AD,Ollagnier de Choudens S,Gentekaki E,Long S,Gaston D,Stechmann A,Vinella D,Py B,Fontecave M,Barras F,Lukeš J,Roger AJ

更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A dinuclear nickel complex with methyl and thiolate ligands, Ni(dadt(Et))Ni(Me)(SDmp) (2), has been synthesized as a dinuclear Ni(d)-Ni(p)-site model of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) (dadt(Et) is N,N'-diethyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,9-dithiolate; Dmp is 2,6-dimesitylphenyl). Complex 2 was prepared via 2 methods: (i) ligand subs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ito M,Kotera M,Matsumoto T,Tatsumi K

更新日期：2009-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Mild oxidation of human serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) converts the apoprotein from a nearly homogeneous component of high apparent molecular weight to a mixture of apparently lower molecular weight polypeptide components, as characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schuh J,Fairclough GF Jr,Haschemeyer RH

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In biosynthesis of the pancreatic cancer drug streptozotocin, the tridomain nonheme-iron oxygenase SznF hydroxylates Nδ and Nω' of Nω-methyl-l-arginine before oxidatively rearranging the triply modified guanidine to the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea pharmacophore. A previously published structure visualized the monoiron cofa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McBride MJ,Pope SR,Hu K,Okafor CD,Balskus EP,Bollinger JM Jr,Boal AK

更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The term quantum turbulence denotes the turbulent motion of quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, which are characterized by quantized vorticity, superfluidity, and, at finite temperatures, two-fluid behavior. This article introduces their basic properties, describes t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barenghi CF,Skrbek L,Sreenivasan KR

更新日期：2014-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of interferons to distinct cell surface receptors leads to the induction of synthesis of several unique polypeptides and their corresponding mRNAs (1-6). We have isolated two cDNAs that are complementary to nuclear RNA whose synthesis is induced from undetectable levels to maximal rates of transcription wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larner AC,Jonak G,Cheng YS,Korant B,Knight E,Darnell JE Jr

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:S-nitrosation is a posttranslational, oxidative addition of NO to cysteine residues of proteins that has been proposed as a cGMP-independent signaling pathway [Hess DT, Matsumoto A, Kim SO, Marshall HE, Stamler JS (2005) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:150-166]. A paradox of S-nitrosation is that only a small set of reactive ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitchell DA,Morton SU,Fernhoff NB,Marletta MA

更新日期：2007-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin becomes reorganized during mitosis each cell cycle. To identify genes potentially involved in these supramolecular events, we have used a colony-color assay to screen temperature-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When a sequence that mediates attachment to the nuclear matrix in vitro was inserte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fishel BR,Sperry AO,Garrard WT

更新日期：1993-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA vaccines, comprised of plasmid DNA encoding proteins from pathogens, allergens, and tumors, are being evaluated as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic treatments for infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer; plasmids encoding normal human proteins are likewise being tested as vaccines and treatments for autoim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu M,Acres B,Balloul JM,Bizouarne N,Paul S,Slos P,Squiban P

更新日期：2004-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromogranin A (CGA) is a secretory protein present in the adrenal medulla and in a variety of endocrine organs. This protein may serve as precursor for pancreastatin (PST) and for other biologically active peptides. Recently, chromostatin (CST), a CGA derivative, has been identified that possesses high biological act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cetin Y,Aunis D,Bader MF,Galindo E,Jörns A,Bargsten G,Grube D

更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) typically contain four stems composed of Watson-Crick (W-C) base pairs and infrequent mispairs such as G-U and A-C. The latter mispairs are fundamental units of RNA secondary structure found in nearly every class of RNA and are nearly isomorphic to W-C pairs. Therefore, they often subs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McClain WH

更新日期：2006-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of the multicellular animals has been investigated by rate invariant analysis of 18S rRNA sequences. These analyses indicate that (i) the Metazoa is a monophyletic taxon; (ii) the Deuterostomia is a monophyletic taxon; (iii) the Annelida-Mollusca lineage is the sister group of an arthropod subgroup; and (iv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lake JA

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in Pink1, a gene encoding a Ser/Thr kinase with a mitochondrial-targeting signal, are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. The mechanism by which loss of Pink1 leads to neurodegeneration is not understood. Here we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Y,Gehrke S,Imai Y,Huang Z,Ouyang Y,Wang JW,Yang L,Beal MF,Vogel H,Lu B

更新日期：2006-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by following a process of vesicle docking and exocytosis. Although these steps are well established, it has been difficult to observe and measure these rates directly in living synapses. Here, by combining the direct imaging of single synaptic vesicles and synaptic ribbons, I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zenisek D

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary base sequence of the protein coding regions of the four small heat shock genes of Drosophila melanogaster present at cytological locus 67B has been determined. A single open reading frame large enough to encode a small heat shock protein is found for each gene. The molecular weights of the predicted protei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ingolia TD,Craig EA

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the CCAAT-binding transcription factor (CTF) family of proteins stimulate the initiation of adenovirus DNA replication and act as transcriptional activators. To investigate the mechanisms underlying CTF-mediated transactivation patterns, we expressed several natural CTF variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Altmann H,Wendler W,Winnacker EL

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Kampo formulations are traditional herbal medications used in China and Japan for many centuries to treat diarrheal diseases such as cholera. Our studies were undertaken to identify and verify by chemical synthesis the active components that inhibited cholera toxin (CT), the virulence factor secreted by Vibrio cholera...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oi H,Matsuura D,Miyake M,Ueno M,Takai I,Yamamoto T,Kubo M,Moss J,Noda M

更新日期：2002-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:E12 and E47 are two non-tissue-specific helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors encoded by the E2A gene. Previous studies suggested that they are involved in regulation of differentiation in many tissue types including muscle, blood, and nerve through direct heterodimer interactions with tissue-specific HLH prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhuang Y,Kim CG,Bartelmez S,Cheng P,Groudine M,Weintraub H

更新日期：1992-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a protease virulence factor produced by Bacillus anthracis that is required for its pathogenicity. LT treatment causes a rapid degradation of c-Jun protein that follows inactivation of the MEK1/2-Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Here we identify COP1 as the ubiquitin E3 ligase that is essential f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ouyang W,Guo P,Takeda K,Fu Q,Fang H,Frucht DM

更新日期：2020-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A systematic comparison of crystal structures of nine different B-DNA dodecamers, in three different space groups, with and without A-tracts, shows that crystal packing or lattice forces are of secondary importance for helix axis bending, minor-groove width, and propeller twist. While other local helix parameters may ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dickerson RE,Goodsell DS,Neidle S

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Urate oxidase (UOxase; urate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.7.3.3), which catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, is present in most mammals but is absent in humans and certain primates. A cDNA clone for UOxase containing an insert of 1.3 kilobases (kb) was isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library prepared fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reddy PG,Nemali MR,Reddy MK,Reddy MN,Yuan PM,Yuen S,Laffler TG,Shiroza T,Kuramitsu HK,Usuda N

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In many naturally occurring habitats, bacteria live in micrometer-size confined spaces. Although bacterial growth and motility in such constrictions is of great interest to fields as varied as soil microbiology, water purification, and biomedical research, quantitative studies of the effects of confinement on bacteria...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Männik J,Driessen R,Galajda P,Keymer JE,Dekker C

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting the endothelial cell cycle as an antiangiogenic strategy has been difficult given the ubiquitous expression of critical cell cycle regulators. Here, we show that the antiangiogenic drug TNP-470 displays striking cell-type specificity insofar as it induces the expression of p21(CIP/WAF), a cyclin-dependent ki...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeh JR,Mohan R,Crews CM

更新日期：2000-11-07 00:00:00