Abstract:
:Age at death estimation of human skeletal remains is one of the key issues in constructing a biological profile both in forensic and archaeological contexts. The traditional adult osteological methods evaluate macroscopically the morphological changes that occur with increasing age of specific skeletal indicators, such as the cranial sutures, the pubic bone, the auricular surface of the ilium and the sternal end of the ribs. Technologies such as computed tomography and laser scanning are becoming more widely used in anthropology, and several new methods have been developed. This review focuses on how the osteological age-related changes have been evaluated in digital data. First, the 3D virtual copies of the bones have been used to mimic the appearance of the dry bones and the application of the traditional methods. Secondly, the information directly extrapolated from CT scans has been used to assess qualitatively or quantitatively the changes of the trabecular bones, the thickness of the cortical bones, and to perform morphometric analyses. Lastly, the most innovative approach has been the mathematical quantification of the changes of the pelvic joints, calculating the complexity of the surface. The importance of new updated reference datasets, created thanks to the use of CT scanning in forensic settings, is also discussed.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Villa C,Buckberry J,Lynnerup Ndoi
10.1111/joa.12544subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
386-395issue
2eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
235pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The distribution and form of amoeboid microglia in the brain of neonatal rats have been studied with the light and electron microscope. With the silver carbonate method of Rio-Hortega, two major 'colonies' of amoeboid microglia are identified: (1) in the supraventricular corpus callosum in which the nerve fibres are w...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells migrating from the neural crest are known to septate the outflow tract of the developing heart, and to contribute to the formation of the arterial valves, their supporting sinuses, the coronary arteries and cardiac neural ganglia. Neural crest cells have also been suggested to contribute to development of the ve...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00833.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surface coating of the pneumonocytes in the lungs of five human neonates was studied by conventional electron microscopy and by cytochemical techniques. These techniques included staining with colloidal iron oxide, cationic ferritin, Ruthenium red, Ruthenium hexamine trichloride, high iron diamine and the periodic...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interosseous sutures exhibit highly variable patterns of interdigitation and corrugation. Recent research has identified fundamental molecular mechanisms of suture formation, and computer models have been used to simulate suture morphogenesis. However, the role of bone strain in the development of complex sutures is l...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01386.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to clarify the fundamental structure of the host defence mechanism in chicken caeca, a detailed analysis of the distribution of lymphoid nodules (LNs) was carried out on longitudinal sections of both the mesenteric (side of the ileocaecal ligament) and the antimesenteric mucosa. An overwhelming majority of so...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19220293.x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degeneration, scar formation and regeneration have been studied after section of the optic nerve in the frog. In the normal optic nerve two types of macroglial cell were identified: astrocytes and oligodendroglia. Degeneration after injury proceeded rapidly in comparison with mammals but did not lead to the production...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human beings stand upright with the chain of balance beginning at the feet, progressing to the lower limbs (ankles, knees, hip joints, pelvis), each of the spinal segments, and then ending at the cranium to achieve horizontal gaze and balance using minimum muscle activity. The details of the alignment and balance of t...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12586
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total histological grade does not necessarily distinguish between different manifestations of cartilage damage or degeneration. An accurate and reliable histological assessment method is required to separate normal and pathological tissue within a joint during treatment of degenerative joint conditions and to sub-cl...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01513.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classic anatomical methods have failed to determine the precise location, origin and nature of nerve fibres in the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP). The purpose of this study was to identify the location and nature (adrenergic and/or cholinergic) of IHP nerve fibres and to provide a three-dimensional (3D) representat...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01071.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seminal vesicles are the glands of male reproductive organs that produce the fluid and nutrient constituents of semen. It has been believed for a long time that the lumen of a seminal vesicle was a single-coiled tubular structure with irregular diverticula. There are several previous reports on the symmetry, diffe...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.13269
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous tooth replacement is common for tetrapods, but some groups of acrodont lepidosaurs have lost the ability to replace their dentition (monophyodonty). Acrodonty, where the tooth attaches to the apex of the jawbone, is an unusual form of tooth attachment that has been associated with the highly autapomorphic c...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12754
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heart is the first functioning organ to develop during embryogenesis. The formation of the heart is a tightly regulated and complex process, and alterations to its development can result in congenital heart defects. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins, such as alpha myosin heavy chain and cardiac alpha actin, have no...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12486
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of mRNAs and antigens of tissue type (t) and urokinase type (u) plasminogen activators (PA) plus their corresponding inhibitors, type-1 (PAI-1) and type-2 (PAI-2) were studied in human and rhesus monkey placentae by in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry. Specific monkey cRNA and antibodies aga...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19420183.x
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male rats undernourished from about birth until 100 days of age were nutritionally rehabilitated until 200 days. Six control and six experimental rats were anaesthetised and X-rayed at each of 50, 100 and 200 days. Measurements of various skeletal dimensions, and estimates of skeletal maturity, were made from these ra...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of large neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the mouse brain decreases in number after 25 months of age, from 488 at 25 months to 298 at 31 months. The number of small neurons in the nucleus remains constant up to 31 months of age. Large neurons accumulate lipofuscin from 25 months and their mean n...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bronchial tree was investigated in 37 pairs of lungs of adult dogs using dissection and corrosion techniques. The external morphology of the lungs and their lobes has been described. The right lung was divided by deep fissures into four lobes, the apical, the middle, the diaphragmatic and the intermediate. The lef...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the uterus enlarges to accommodate the growing fetus during pregnancy, the cervix behaves essentially as a barrier. During ripening and delivery, it needs to become soft and distensible to allow dilation and the passage of the conceptus. As the transformations of the collagen-containing fibres are known to be essen...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00227.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of anatomical ductal obliteration appears to be gradual and to involve proliferation of intima and media (mainly the latter) producing mounds, mucoid-filled spaces and fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane. Dissociation of the inner media may also be involved. The persistent ductus can be recogniz...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inner thoracic cavity is lined by the parietal pleura, and the lung lobes are covered by the visceral pleura. The parietal and visceral plurae form the pleural cavity that has negative pressure within to enable normal respiration. The lung tissues are bilaterally innervated by vagal and spinal nerves, including se...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12560
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astyanax brucutu is a peculiar species of Neotropical tetra endemic from the Chapada Diamantina, a large plateau in northeastern Brazil. Individuals of this species undergo a dramatic ontogenetic shift in their diet that is accompanied by equally remarkable changes in their feeding apparatus. Whereas juveniles of A. b...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.13280
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare congenital malformation which associates discordant atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connections. Although frequently associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD), its anatomy remains controversial. This could be due in hearts wi...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.13097
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The knee joint consists of multiple interacting tissues that are prone to injury- and disease-related degeneration. Although much is known about the structure and function of the knee's constituent tissues, relatively little is known about their cellular origin and the mechanisms governing their segregation. To invest...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00966.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retrograde fluorescent transport of Fast Blue (FB) and Diamidino Yellow (DY) was used to study the localisation of neurons that innervate the palpebral conjunctiva and the superior tarsal muscle in the cynomolgous monkey. Labelled cell bodies of sensory neurons including a few double labelled cell bodies were found in...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Longitudinal growth of long bones takes place at the growth plates. The growth plate produces new bone trabeculae, which are later resorbed or merged into the cortical shell. This process implies transition of trabecular metaphyseal sections into diaphyseal sections. We hypothesize that the development of cortical bon...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00503.x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was prompted by the prospect of transgenic pigs providing donor hearts for transplantation in human recipients. Autonomic innervation is important for the control of cardiac dynamics, especially in the conduction system. Our objective was to assess the relative distribution of autonomic nerves in the pig he...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19530341.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of sensory innervation in long bones was investigated in rat tibia in fetuses on gestational days (GD) 16-21 and in neonates and juvenile individuals on postnatal days (PD) 1-28. A double immunostaining method was applied to study the co-localization of the neuronal growth marker growth-associated prot...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00434.x
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of chronic neuromuscular inactivity on the phenotype and size of muscle fibres in a fast ankle extensor (medial gastrocnemius, MG) and a fast ankle flexor (tibialis anterior, TA) muscle of the rat hindlimb were determined. Inactivity was produced by spinal cord isolation (SI), i.e. complete spinal cord tra...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00665.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The meaning of the term 'abdomen' has become increasingly ambiguous, as it has to satisfy the contemporary requirements of natural language discourse, literature, gross and radiological anatomy and its role in ontologies supporting electronic records and data modelling. It is critical that there is an agreed understan...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.13384
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphatics in the diaphragm form a specialised system draining fluid from the peritoneal cavity and returning it to the vascular system. Fluid enters subperitoneal lymphatic lacunae, between muscle fibres of the diaphragm, the lacunae being separated from the peritoneal cavity by a barrier comprising, successively, ly...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The koala has an inguinoaxillary lymph trunk on either side of the ventral midline, and this carries efferent lymph from the superficial inguinal lymph node directly to the deep axillary lymph node. The superficial lymph nodes are large and soft compared with those of the domestic species, and each lymph centre usuall...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00