Abstract:
:The inner thoracic cavity is lined by the parietal pleura, and the lung lobes are covered by the visceral pleura. The parietal and visceral plurae form the pleural cavity that has negative pressure within to enable normal respiration. The lung tissues are bilaterally innervated by vagal and spinal nerves, including sensory and motor components. This complicated innervation pattern has made it difficult to discern the vagal vs. spinal processes in the pulmonary visceral pleura. With and without vagotomy, we identified vagal nerve fibres and endings distributed extensively in the visceral pleura ('P'-type nerve endings) and triangular ligaments ('L'-type nerve endings) by injecting wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase as a tracer into the nucleus of solitary tract or nodose ganglion of male Sprague-Dawley rats. We found the hilar and non-hilar vagal pulmonary pleural innervation pathways. In the hilar pathway, vagal sub-branches enter the hilum and follow the pleural sheet to give off the terminal arborizations. In the non-hilar pathway, vagal sub-branches run caudally along the oesophagus and either directly enter the ventral-middle-mediastinal left lobe or follow the triangular ligaments to enter the left and inferior lobe. Both vagi innervate: (i) the superior, middle and accessory lobes on the ventral surfaces that face the heart; (ii) the dorsal-rostral superior lobe; (iii) the dorsal-caudal left lobe; and (iv) the left triangular ligament. Innervated only by the left vagus is: (i) the ventral-rostral and dorsal-rostral left lobe via the hilar pathway; (ii) the ventral-middle-mediastinal left lobe and the dorsal accessory lobe that face the left lobe via the non-hilar pathway; and (iii) the ventral-rostral inferior lobe that faces the heart. Innervated only by the right vagus, via the non-hilar pathway, is: (i) the inferior (ventral and dorsal) and left (ventral only) lobe in the area near the triangular ligament; (ii) the dorsal-middle-mediastinal left lobe; and (iii) the right triangular ligament. Other regions innervated with unknown vagal pathways include: (i) the middle lobe that faces the superior and inferior lobe; (ii) the rostral-mediastinal inferior lobe that faces the middle lobe; and (iii) the ventral accessory lobe that faces the diaphragm. Our study demonstrated that most areas that face the dorsal thoracic cavity have no vagal innervation, whereas the interlobar and heart-facing areas are bilaterally or unilaterally innervated with a left-rostral vs. right-caudal lateralized innervation pattern. This innervation pattern may account for the fact that the respiratory regulation in rats has a lateralized right-side dominant pattern.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Wang FB,Liao YH,Wang YCdoi
10.1111/joa.12560subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
303-314issue
2eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
230pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Interneurons are an integral part of cortical neuronal circuits. During the past decade, numerous studies have shown that these cells, unlike their pyramidal counterparts that are derived from the neuroepithelium along the lumen of the lateral ventricles, are generated in the ganglionic eminences in the subpallium. Th...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00750.x
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spatiotemporal distribution of macrophages in the uterine wall of mice in the second half of pregnancy and the early postpartum period has been studied. Macrophages were identified using a combination of morphological criteria, the capacity to endocytose horseradish peroxidase and the expression of the Mac-1 antig...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ontogeny of the nasolacrimal ducts (NLD) and canals (NLC) are investigated in strepsirrhine and haplorhine primates. Developmental series of serially sectioned fetal, perinatal and adult specimens, in combination with juvenile and adult skulls subjected to high-resolution computed tomography, reveal that the verti...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00682.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper assessment of outcome in clinical trials of neural transplantation requires both biochemical and imaging indices of graft survival, and behavioural and physiological indices of graft function. For transplantation in Huntington's disease, a variety of ligands that are selective for striatal degeneration and graf...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19640597.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences are reported in the total calcified tissue/bone marrow ratios and in the total thickness of cortical calcified tissue (lamellar bone and calcified fibrocartilage) between the attachment sites of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament in man. The greatest amount of calcified tissue is at the insert...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of anatomical ductal obliteration appears to be gradual and to involve proliferation of intima and media (mainly the latter) producing mounds, mucoid-filled spaces and fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane. Dissociation of the inner media may also be involved. The persistent ductus can be recogniz...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasound of the calcaneus may be used as a cheap, ionising radiation-free and easy to use indicator of skeletal status, and hence of osteoporotic fracture risk. At present ultrasound is not widely used as it suffers from high precision errors. As ultrasound parameters are determined in part by bone mineral density (...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19330449.x
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether the 1st segment of the human autopod 1st ray is a 'true' metapodial with loss of the proximal or mid phalanx or the original basal phalanx with loss of the metacarpal has been a long-lasting discussion. The actual knowledge of the developmental pattern of upper autopod segments at a fetal age of 20-22 weeks, c...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12883
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study addresses the effects of increased mechanical load on the vertebral bone of post-smolt Atlantic salmon by forcing them to swim at controlled speeds. The fish swam continuously in four circular tanks for 9 weeks, two groups at 0.47 body lengths (bl) × s(-1) (non-exercised group) and two groups at 2 bl × s(-1...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01399.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The feet of apes have a different morphology from those of humans. Until now, it has merely been assumed that the morphology seen in humans must be adaptive for habitual bipedal walking, as the habitual use of bipedal walking is generally regarded as one of the most clear-cut differences between humans and apes. This ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12201
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is currently thought that New World monkeys, prosimians, and humans are the only primates to possess vomeronasal organs (VNOs) as adults. Recent studies of the human VNO suggest that previous investigations on Old World primates may have missed the VNO. We examined nasal septa from the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) ...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19810077.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rete testis in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) and drake (Anas platyrhynchos) was studied histologically and with both the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. All the birds have rete epithelial cells varyi...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the adult rat and rabbit costal diaphragm were investigated. On the basis of enzyme histochemistry, the rat diaphragm was found to contain 42% and 39% Type I, 24% and 25% Type II A and 33% and 34% Type II B fibres on the thoracic and abdominal surfaces respectiv...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the interspecific scaling of tetrapods is well understood, remarkably little work has been done on the ontogenetic scaling within tetrapod species, whether fossil or recent. Here the ontogenetic allometry of the femur, humerus, and tibia was determined for 23 species of non-avian dinosaur by regressing log-tr...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01253.x
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrating microdensitometry was used to study changes in the intracellular activity of 4 enzymes during macrophage development. Suspension cultures of blood monocytes from 19 healthy human subjects were examined at 0, 2, 4 and 6 d. Mononuclear phagocytes were harvested by glass adherence and standard methods were us...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examination of spinal cords of 5 days old mice showed a number of examples of oligodendrocytes, in various phases of mitosis, which remained in contact with the axons which they were myelinating. Cells in prophases had thick processes between the perikaryon and the myelinating axons but as mitosis proceeded the oligod...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of the sinuatrial nodal artery has been investigated in young and old rats. The nodal artery is derived from the internal thoracic artery, runs centrally though the node and supplies it by several branches. An extensive cuff of nodal cells is seen within the adventitia of the artery and its branches adja...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The developing human brain can compensate for pre- and perinatally acquired focal lesions more effectively than the adult brain. The mechanisms by which this effective reorganization is achieved vary considerably between different functional systems, reflecting differences in the normal maturation of these systems. In...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01262.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantitative assessment of the lung architecture forms the foundation of many studies on lung development and lung diseases, where parameters such as alveoli number, alveolar size, and septal thickness are quantitatively influenced by developmental or pathological processes. Given the pressing need for robust data...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/joa.12773
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency with which the gonadal arteries follow a recurrent course, upwards and arching over the renal veins before descending to the gonads, is recorded for the South African Negro. The gonadal arteries follow such a course on the left side in 17, 2% and on the right side in 22% of cases. This incidence for arch...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. To evaluate the differentiation potential of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) as a prerequisite for clinical trials, we intracerebrally transplanted in vitro expanded fetal mesencephalic hNPCs into hemiparkin...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00654.x
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate whether the lines occasionally detected on clinical magnetic resonance (MR) images are genuine hippocampal layers, a formalin fixed hippocampal specimen was scanned using T2 weighted sequences at 7 Tesla (voxel dimensions 0.064 x 0.064 x 1 mm) and at 1.5 Tesla (voxel dimensions: 0.156 x 0.156 x 1 mm) and c...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19510131.x
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two endocrine cell types were found in the metaplastic epithelium of gall bladders removed for gall stones. The endocrine cell type I resembled the EC (enterochromaffin) cell of the normal stomach mucosa. The homogeneous and electron-dense secretory granules were variable in size and shape and mainly located in the su...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study has been made, using light and electron microscopy, of GMG cells in the labyrinthine placenta of the mouse. GMG cells were found lying within the lumina of the maternal blood spaces showed degenerative changes and GMG cells were usually found close to these degenerate trophoblast cells. Sometimes the GMG cells...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surface coating of the pneumonocytes in the lungs of five human neonates was studied by conventional electron microscopy and by cytochemical techniques. These techniques included staining with colloidal iron oxide, cationic ferritin, Ruthenium red, Ruthenium hexamine trichloride, high iron diamine and the periodic...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T-tubule system in cardiac muscle cells has been investigated with the electron microscope in 10 adult rats after infiltration with horseradish peroxidase. All cardiac muscle cells possess a T-system, but its complexity varies according to the region of the heart. It is most extensive in the general ventricular my...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgical interruption of the gastrointestinal tract is widely used for investigating the structure of the enteric nervous system and in the treatment of certain pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The effects of transection and end-to-end anastomosis and myotomy on nerve cells of the myenteric plexu...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endocrine pancreas of the toad consists of rounded islets of various sizes embedded in the exocrine tissue. Isolated cells are also present. At least 4 types of endocrine cell are distinguishable by shape, size and electrondensity of the secretory granules as well as by their immunoreactivity with different antise...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19220195.x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wallerian degeneration and dying-back pathology are two well-known cellular pathways capable of regulating the breakdown and loss of axonal and synaptic compartments of neurons in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular triggers of these pathways remain elusive. Here, we show that loss of translation el...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01007.x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of excess iodine on the development of the thyroid gland of chick embryos was assessed following injections of potassium iodide prior to incubation. Iodide injection resulted in a significantly greater thyroid gland weight (goitre) on Day 18 of incubation and a delay in hatching. Histological studies of th...
journal_title:Journal of anatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00