Abstract:
:Calcification of atherosclerotic lesions was long thought to be an age - related, passive process, but increasingly data has revealed that atherosclerotic calcification is a more active process, involving complex signaling pathways and bone-like genetic programs. Initially, imaging of atherosclerotic calcification was limited to gross assessment of calcium burden, which is associated with total atherosclerotic burden and risk of cardiovascular mortality and of all cause mortality. More recently, sophisticated molecular imaging studies of the various processes involved in calcification have begun to elucidate information about plaque calcium composition and consequent vulnerability to rupture, leading to hard cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction. As such, there has been renewed interest in imaging calcification to advance risk assessment accuracy in an evolving era of precision medicine. Here we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the biologic process of atherosclerotic calcification as well as some of the molecular imaging tools used to assess it.
journal_name
Curr Atheroscler Repjournal_title
Current atherosclerosis reportsauthors
Bailey G,Meadows J,Morrison ARdoi
10.1007/s11883-016-0601-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
51issue
8eissn
1523-3804issn
1534-6242pii
10.1007/s11883-016-0601-6journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or "statin" medications are the most commonly prescribed therapy for lowering cholesterol. In use for over a decade, they have demonstrated both safety and tolerability across a broad range of patients. The ability to inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol an...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-005-0073-6
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes is involved in arterial wall extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. The latter activities have been implicated in a number of normal and pathologic processes, such as atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, plaque destabilization and rupture, but...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0159-7
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary interventions have been consistently proposed as a part of a comprehensive strategy to lower the incidence and severity of coronary heart disease (CHD), in the process providing long-term cardioprotection. Replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) with higher intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids (MU...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0133-4
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than half of the men and women in the United States are overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for various diseases, most notably, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease (CHD). The location of excessive body fat, particularly in the visceral area, has ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-000-0065-5
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We briefly and comprehensively present some of the novel findings in the field of revascularization therapy and management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We highlight the latest evidence-based advancements in the pharmacological and mechanical treatment of patients who presented with STEMI. Sin...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0412-6
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review addresses normal and pathologic functions of serum amyloid A (SAA), an enigmatic biomarker of inflammation and protein precursor of AA amyloidosis, a life-threatening complication of chronic inflammation. SAA is a small, highly evolutionarily conserved acute-phase protein whose plasma leve...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-020-00888-y
更新日期:2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous retrospective and prospective observational studies support an association between elevated homocysteine and increased risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Although folic acid therapy substantially reduces homocysteine levels, recent large, randomized controlled trials fail...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s11883-007-0048-x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid-lowering medications, particularly statins, have been a popular target for pharmacogenetic studies. A handful of genes have shown promise for predicting response to therapy from the perspective of lipid lowering, as well as myopathy. A number of genes have been implicated and have biological plausibility based o...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0573-6
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (cis-MUFAs) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and on CHD mortality are not clear. Also, dietary recommendations for cis-MUFA as derived by various organizations are not in agreement. Earlier studies have mainly focused on the effects of cis-MUFA on serum lipids ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0597-y
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is known to inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and function as an important regulator of triglyceride metabolism. In addition, apoC-III has also more recently been identified as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the mechanisms by ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0791-9
更新日期:2019-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognostic relevance, and treatment options of coronary artery disease (CAD) when coupled with severe aortic stenosis (SAS). In regard to treatment options, we focused on the most recently adopted therapeutic approaches and on the future perspectives in ligh...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-020-0835-1
更新日期:2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Eicosanoids, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, have emerging roles in endothelial inflammation and subsequent atherosclerosis. Unlike eicosanoids in the prostanoid series, they are known to be esterified in cell lipids such...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-009-0061-3
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipodystrophies are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by the loss of adipose tissue and by abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In this review, we describe several mouse models that recapitulate various aspects of the lipodystroph...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-000-0077-1
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer survivorship should be defined starting not from completion of treatment, but from the time of diagnosis. Assessing and controlling the cancer patient's cardiovascular risk before, during, and after treatment is crucial to improving their overall outcome. There are many cancer therapies, including but not limit...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0484-3
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The review aims to describe the differences between men and women in those factors that can influence a worse prognosis in women after an acute cardiovascular event. RECENT FINDINGS:Women adequately treated with current evidence-based medications for acute myocardial infarction and for conventional c...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-020-00882-4
更新日期:2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Few principles in medicine today are as well accepted as the benefits of using statins to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and to prevent cardiovascular disease. The recent withdrawal of a statin (cerivastatin) has lead to a re-examination of all statins, and an attempt to better assess the risk-benefit ratio of thi...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-002-0060-0
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of statins to lower serum cholesterol and reduce coronary heart disease endpoints has confirmed portions of the lipid hypothesis. However, the time to benefit and increased benefit in overlapping populations have suggested that nonlipid or pleiotropic effects of statins may be present. The apparent benefit...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-003-0066-2
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Since their initial identification more than a decade ago, LXRs have been characterized as key transcriptional regulators of lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis. LXRs are activated by the intra...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-008-0013-3
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transient ischemic attack (TIA) represents one end of the spectrum of focal brain ischemia, the other being completed infarction or ischemic stroke. The evolving technologic advancements in neuroimaging continue to change and sharpen the definition, epidemiology, and management of TIA. As a powerful risk factor for is...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-005-0019-z
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacotherapies with agents that inhibit platelet function have proven to be effective in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, and in the prevention of complications during and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Because of multiple synergetic pathways of platelet activation and their close interplay wit...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-013-0371-3
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Coronary artery no-reflow phenomenon is an incidental outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. Despite advances in pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, coronary no-reflow phenomenon occurs more commonly than desired. It often resu...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0747-5
更新日期:2018-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is common after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and represents a significant cause of poor functional outcome. DCI was mainly thought to be caused by cerebral vasospasm; however, recent clinical trials have been unable to confirm this hypothesis. Studies in humans and ani...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-017-0690-x
更新日期:2017-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation and oxidative processes are key components of atherosclerosis, from fatty streak formation to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Recent basic and clinical studies have identified a number of inflammatory and oxidative processes that appear to play a direct role in atherothrombosis and identify potentially cli...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-004-0038-1
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We summarize recent advances in the understanding of genetic testing in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the use of expanded FH next-generation sequencing panels, and directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS:The uptake of massively parallel sequencing in research and diagnostic laboratories...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0731-0
更新日期:2018-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We provide an overview of our current understanding of combination lipid-lowering therapies intended for dyslipidemia treatment and cardiovascular disease prevention. First, we analyze recent statin and non-statin combination therapy guidelines and clinical studies since the publication of 2013 Americ...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0721-2
更新日期:2018-03-07 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite the important progress in identifying high-risk atherosclerotic plaques, many key elements are elusive. Advanced imaging modalities provide valuable information about the anatomic and functional plaque characteristics and underscore the presence of multiple plaque morphologies. However, how th...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0626-x
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently reported clinical trials raise doubts on the effectiveness of nonstatin lipid-lowering therapies in reducing the residual risk of cardiovascular events after statin monotherapy. Addition of -torcetrapib to statin therapy increased overall mortality in coronary patients despite a marked increase in high-densit...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-009-0010-1
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies confirm cognitive impairment and dementia to be increased after stroke in the elderly. Although not necessarily involving memory deficits, the frequency of cognitive impairments may occur in up to 30% of stroke survivors at 3 months. This impairment may be confounded by preexisting cognitive decline or...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-001-0028-5
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) are well known, but the role that the n-6 FAs play in coronary heart disease is unclear. These two classes of essential FAs compete for a number of enzyme systems, and their metabolites can powerfully influence (often in different directions) inflammatory r...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-006-0019-7
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::At a time when the lipid management guidelines give more and more emphasis to the identification and treatment of high-risk patients with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, there is an obvious need to balance the known effects of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering with the new evidence of clinical efficacy deriv...
journal_title:Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11883-004-0104-8
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00