Abstract:
:Motoneurons develop extensive dendritic trees for receiving excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to perform a variety of complex motor tasks. At birth, the somatodendritic domains of mouse hypoglossal and lumbar motoneurons have dense filopodia and spines. Consistent with Vaughn's synaptotropic hypothesis, we propose a developmental unified-hybrid model implicating filopodia in motoneuron spinogenesis/synaptogenesis and dendritic growth and branching critical for circuit formation and synaptic plasticity at embryonic/prenatal/neonatal period. Filopodia density decreases and spine density initially increases until postnatal day 15 (P15) and then decreases by P30. Spine distribution shifts towards the distal dendrites, and spines become shorter (stubby), coinciding with decreases in frequency and increases in amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents with maturation. In transgenic mice, either overexpressing the mutated human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1(G93A)) gene or deficient in GABAergic/glycinergic synaptic transmission (gephyrin, GAD-67, or VGAT gene knockout), hypoglossal motoneurons develop excitatory glutamatergic synaptic hyperactivity. Functional synaptic hyperactivity is associated with increased dendritic growth, branching, and increased spine and filopodia density, involving actin-based cytoskeletal and structural remodelling. Energy-dependent ionic pumps that maintain intracellular sodium/calcium homeostasis are chronically challenged by activity and selectively overwhelmed by hyperactivity which eventually causes sustained membrane depolarization leading to excitotoxicity, activating microglia to phagocytose degenerating neurons under neuropathological conditions.
journal_name
Neural Plastjournal_title
Neural plasticityauthors
Kanjhan R,Noakes PG,Bellingham MCdoi
10.1155/2016/3423267subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
3423267eissn
2090-5904issn
1687-5443journal_volume
2016pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Patients suffering from chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) are characterized by profound unawareness and an impairment of large-scale cortical and subcortical connectivity. In this study, we applied an electrophysiological approach aimed at identifying the residual audiomotor connectivity patterns that are thoug...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/391349
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation is omnipresent. We are continuously exposed to natural (e.g., radon and cosmic) and man-made radiation sources, including those from industry but especially from the medical sector. The increasing use of medical radiation modalities, in particular those employing low-dose radiation such as CT scans,...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2016/1243527
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The GABA-withdrawal syndrome (GWS) is a model of local status epilepticus following the interruption of a chronic GABA infusion into the rat somatomotor cortex. GWS is characterized by focal epileptic electroencephalographic discharges and associated contralateral myoclonus. In neocortical slices obtained from GWS rat...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/NP.2000.9
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dishabituation is a return of a habituated response if context or contingency changes. In the mammalian olfactory system, metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated synaptic depression of cortical afferents underlies short-term habituation to odors. It was hypothesized that a known antagonistic interaction between these...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2009/754014
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed operant discrimination in detelencephalated pigeons and neuroanatomical substrates after long-term detelencephalation. In Experiment I, experimental pigeons with massive telencephalic ablation and control pigeons were conditioned to key peck for food. Successive discrimination was made under alternating re...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/NP.2003.247
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigates whether a combined cognitive and physical training may induce changes in the cortical activity as measured via electroencephalogram (EEG) and whether this change may index a deceleration of pathological processes of brain aging. Seventy seniors meeting the clinical criteria of mild cogni...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1155/2015/172192
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ample evidence suggests that estrogens have strong influences on the occurrence of stress-related mood disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through multiple approaches, we demonstrate that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is widely distributed along the HPA axis and in brain...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/8866187
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly people. It is an irreversible and progressive brain disease. In this paper, we utilized diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect abnormal topological organization of white matter (WM) structural networks. We compared the differences between WM c...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/2947136
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD involve several brain regions. However, whether α-syn pathology originating from the SNc can directly lead to the pathological changes in distant cerebral regions and induce PD-related symptoms remains unclear. Here, AAV9-synapsin-mCherry-human SNCA (A53T) was injected into the un...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/6283754
更新日期:2020-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:Background and Purpose:Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is widely recognized as one of the most common symptoms and side effects of cancer and/or its treatment. However, neuropathological mechanisms contributing to CRF are largely unknown, and the lack of knowledge makes CRF difficult to treat. Recent research has shown di...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/2490750
更新日期:2019-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have associated reduced expression of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) with schizophrenia, yet little is known about its role in the illness. In this paper, a forebrain glutamatergic neuron-specific SNAP-25 knockout mouse model was constructed and studied to explore the possible path...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/4526417
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matricellular proteins are secreted, nonstructural proteins that regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and interactions between cells through modulation of growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Despite being well described in the context of nonneuronal tissues, recent studies have rev...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2014/321209
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of the complex cerebellar cortical circuits follows different phases, with initial synaptogenesis and subsequent processes of refinement guided by a variety of mechanisms. The regularity of the cellular and synaptic organization of the cerebellar cortex allowed detailed studies of the structural plastici...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2017/6595740
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freezing of gait (FoG) is among the most disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Recent studies showed that action observation training (AOT) with repetitive practice of the observed actions represents a strategy to induce longer-lasting effects compared with standard physiotherapy. We investigated wh...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1155/2018/4897276
更新日期:2018-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Neurophysiological and neuroimaging data suggest that the brains of not only children but also adults are reorganized based on sensory inputs and behaviors. Plastic changes in the brain are generally beneficial; however, maladaptive cortical reorganization in the auditory cortex may lead to hearing disorders such as t...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/2546250
更新日期:2018-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Cholinergic mechanism is involved in motor behavior. In songbirds, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) is a song premotor nucleus in the pallium and receives cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain. The activity of projection neurons in RA determines song motor behavior. Although many evidences suggest that...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/7246827
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stress can cause a variety of central nervous system disorders, which are critically mediated by the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in various brain structures. GABAergic neurons have different subsets, some of which coexpress certain neuropeptides that can be found in the digestive system. Accumulating evidence de...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2020/8858415
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several research studies point to the fact that sensory and cognitive reductions like cataracts, deafness, macular degeneration, or even lack of activity after job retirement, precede the onset of Alzheimer's disease. To simulate Alzheimer's disease earlier stages, which manifest in sensory cortices, we used a computa...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/8895369
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The song of zebra finch is stable in life after it was learned successfully. Vocal plasticity is thought to be a motor exploration that can support continuous learning and optimization of performance. The activity of RA, an important pre-motor nucleus in songbird's brain, influences the song directly. This variability...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2012/931780
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the fact that astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells, critical for brain function, few studies have dealt with their possible role in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). This article explores relevant evidence on the involvement of astrocytes in experimental PD neurodegeneration fro...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2020/1859431
更新日期:2020-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has disrupted properties of large-scale cortical networks based on cortical thickness and gray matter volume. However, it is largely unknown whether the topological properties of cortical networks based on geometric measures (i.e., sulca...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/3462309
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Objective. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a novel, experimental therapeutic intervention, which combines therapeutic aspects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation, in order to achieve the efficacy of the former with the safety of the latter. MST might prove to be a valua...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/521398
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postural problems play a central role in the motor dysfunction of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Therefore, they spend more time in sitting than in standing to perform vital tasks of daily life. The focus of this article is to describe the pathophysiology of postural control in sitting and outline some implication...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/NP.2005.221
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Associative fear learning, in which stimulation of whiskers is paired with mild electric shock to the tail, modifies the barrel cortex, the functional representation of sensory receptors involved in the conditioning, by inducing formation of new inhibitory synapses on single-synapse spines of the cognate barrel hollow...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/9828517
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otologic emergency and could lead to social difficulties and mental disorders in some patients. Although many studies have analyzed altered brain function in populations with hearing loss, little information is available about patients with idiopathic SSNHL. Th...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/9460364
更新日期:2020-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Objective. To explore cortical reorganization of patients recovered from Bell's palsy (BP) by task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during finger and orofacial movements and provide more evidence for acupuncture clinical treatment of BP. Methods. We collected 17 BP patients with complete clinical rec...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/8231726
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulating regeneration in the brain has the potential to rescue neuronal networks and counteract progressive pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether drugs with different mechanisms of action could enhance neurogenesis and improve cognition in mice receiving human neural stem...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/370432
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS), such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has been used in stroke patients with motor impairment. NBS can help recovery from brain damage by modulating cortical excitability. However, the efficacy of NBS varies am...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/3826495
更新日期:2019-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence from neuropathological, genetic, animal model, and biochemical studies has indicated that the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is associated with, and probably induces, profound neuronal changes in brain regions critical for memory and cognition in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is consid...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2016/3204519
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mastoparan-7 (Mas-7), an analogue of the peptide mastoparan, which is derived from wasp venom, is a direct activator of Pertussis toxin- (PTX-) sensitive G proteins. Mas-7 produces several biological effects in different cell types; however, little is known about how Mas-7 influences mature hippocampal neurons. We exa...
journal_title:Neural plasticity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/4258171
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00