The spleen: diagnosis of splenic diseases using radiolabeled tracers.

abstract：:Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction to what is sometimes an otherwise ordinary infection, and it probably represents a pattern of response by the immune system to injury. A hyper-inflammatory response is followed by an immunosuppressive phase during which multiple organ dysfunction is present and the patient is sus...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Faix JD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle wasting in patients with sepsis, severe injury, and cancer is associated with increased transcription of several genes regulating different proteolytic pathways. The involvement of gene activation in muscle wasting suggests that transcription factors and nuclear cofactors play important roles in the regulation ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Aversa Z,Alamdari N,Hasselgren PO

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants with very low birthweights (less than 1250g) are immunocompromised and have immature hematopoietic systems. They require frequent blood transfusions and have an increased susceptibility to infection. These very low birthweight infants who lack passively acquired antibody against CMV, acquire transfusion-associ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Adler SP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the ever growing collection of data concerning the function of the immune system in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck, the precise mechanism by which these tumors effect the body's surveillance against foreign antigen is as yet unidentified. If these specific immunological characteristics...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Newbill ET,Johns ME

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) continues to find increasing applications in the characterization of microorganisms and the diseases associated with them. GLC has been used to characterize microorganisms through qualitative and quantitative analyses of cellular structural components and soluble extracts and metabolic ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Edman DC,Craven RB,Brooks JB

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrone sulfate (E1S) is the most abundant circulating estrogen and it has the potential to be used as a biomarker in certain conditions where estimation of low levels of estrogen or changes in relative levels of estrogens are important. This review will critically consider the role of estimating E1S for clinical labo...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Rezvanpour A,Don-Wauchope AC

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been numerous reports of spectrophotometric and volume problems caused by elevated levels of lipids in blood. The offending lipids, primarily triglycerides, not only cause turbidity leading to optical aberrations when added to analytical reagents, but also result in short-sampling errors leading to the meas...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Artiss JD,Zak B

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute leukemias (ALs) are often associated with chromosomal translocations, in particular, KMT2A/MLL gene rearrangements. Identification or confirmation of these translocations is carried out by a number of genetic and molecular methods, some of which are routinely used in clinical practice, while others are primarily...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lomov N,Zerkalenkova E,Lebedeva S,Viushkov V,Rubtsov MA

更新日期：2020-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Most clinical chemical analytes vary in a random manner around a homeostatic set point. Replicate analyses of a series of specimens collected from a group of subjects allows estimation of analytical, within and between subject components of variation. The preferred experimental procedures and statistical methods for e...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Fraser CG,Harris EK

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite great progress in prevention strategies, pharmacotherapy and interventional treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiovascular events still constitute the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the modern world. Traditional risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity,...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Krintus M,Kozinski M,Kubica J,Sypniewska G

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is rela...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Smith BW,Adams LA

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manife...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Ghayour-Mobarhan M,Ferns GA,Moghbeli M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer is a major and increasing public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, the diagnosis and staging of cancer, as well as the evaluation of response to therapy have been primarily based on morphology, with relatively few cancer biomarkers currently in use. Conventional biomarker studies have been focused on sin...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Feng Q,Yu M,Kiviat NB

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patien...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Stuart J,Nash GB

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite pulmonary impairments being the most prevalent, extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 are abundant. Confirmed COVID-19 cases have now surpassed 57.8 million worldwide as of 22 November 2020. ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Higgins V,Sohaei D,Diamandis EP,Prassas I

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Homologous blood transfusion has been implicated as a modulator of the host immune system in a number of clinical settings. Improved renal allograft survival is observed in patients receiving pretransplant transfusions. Decreased recurrence of active inflammatory bowel disease has been recently reported in transfused ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Triulzi DJ,Blumberg N,Heal JM

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substrate spectrum of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) proteins includes the glucuronidation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapeutics, steroid hormones, bile acids, and bilirubin. The unique genetic organization of the human UGT1A gene locus, and an increasing number...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Strassburg CP,Kalthoff S,Ehmer U

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluoride has the potential to increase skeletal mass to a greater extent than any other pharmacologic agent, yet it has proven difficult to translate this into therapeutic benefit for patients with low bone mass in diseases such as osteoporosis. This apparent paradox can be explained in part by toxic actions of the io...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Kleerekoper M

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been widely used as an index of liver dysfunction and marker of alcohol intake. The last few years have seen improvements in these areas and advances in understanding of its physiological role in counteracting oxidative stress by breaking down extracellular glutathione and ma...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Whitfield JB

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma protein that mediates platelet adhesion as well as platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury and acts as a carrier of factor VIII. Although acquired or inherited VWF deficiency is associated with a bleeding tendency, there is increasing evidence that VWF has a ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Franchini M,Lippi G

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation now has an established place in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Major problems to be overcome in transplantation in patients with aplastic anemia are marrow graft rejection and graft vs. host disease. Results are better in younger patients and in patie...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Weiden PL

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptin is a 16-kDa cytokine secreted in humans primarily but not exclusively by adipose tissues. Its concentration in blood is usually proportional to body fat mass, but is higher in women than in men not only because of a different distribution of and greater fat mass in women, but also because testosterone reduces i...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Himms-Hagen J

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. They play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Some of these genes are found to be altered in human cancers, i.e., mutated, amplified, deleted, translocated, or abnormally regulated. Recently, the ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Diamandis EP

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of risk factors for atherogenesis has changed significantly over the last decade. In addition to better grasp of the mechanism of action of the "classic" (causal) risk factors, a number of potentially important new factors has emerged. In this review we briefly summarize the evidence of the relation ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Frohlich J,Dobiasova M,Lear S,Lee KW

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck provide a useful model for analyzing patterns and mechanisms of tumor-associated bone destruction. Morphological studies show that a major part of the invasive process is mediated by local osteoclasts which erode bone in front of the advancing tumor. Functional studies indicate...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Carter RL

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 are expressed, usually together, at high levels by the pancreas but also by many other normal and malignant tissues. The present review describes studies on the expression and putative functions of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in the human body. The clinical aspects are discussed...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Paju A,Stenman UH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been numerous publications on the coagulopathy of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This review provides an introduction to the history and main components of current CPB circuits and summarizes the current knowledge of pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of the CPB coagulopathy. It encompasses an overview ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Besser MW,Klein AA

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary nucleosides offer a number of useful laboratory and clinical applications in the study and analysis of leukemia. There are significant differences in the excretion of modified nucleosides between normal individuals and individuals with various forms of leukemia, as well as between leukemia patients at opposite...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Trewyn RW,Grever MR

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes can be used as models to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for maintaining/controlling vascular tone. In fact, the study of patients with these syndromes provides important insights into mechanistic details of the most relevant pathways of vascular tone. So far, several ex...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Calò L,Davis PA,Semplicini A

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The deoxyuridine suppression (dU) test, first described in 1964, has gained an important place both in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemias and in the study of vitamin B12 folate interrelationships in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic anemia. The test measures the integrity of the de novo synthetic pathway of DNA sy...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Metz J

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00