Abstract:
:Cancer is a major and increasing public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, the diagnosis and staging of cancer, as well as the evaluation of response to therapy have been primarily based on morphology, with relatively few cancer biomarkers currently in use. Conventional biomarker studies have been focused on single genes or discrete pathways, but this approach has had limited success because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of many cancers. The completion of the human genome project and the development of new technologies have greatly facilitated the identification of biomarkers for assessment of cancer risk, early detection of primary cancers, monitoring cancer treatment, and detection of recurrence. This article reviews the various approaches used for development of such markers and describes markers of potential clinical interest in major types of cancer. Finally, we discuss the reasons why so few cancer biomarkers are currently available for clinical use.
journal_name
Crit Rev Clin Lab Scijournal_title
Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciencesauthors
Feng Q,Yu M,Kiviat NBdoi
10.1080/10408360600922632subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
497-560issue
5-6eissn
1040-8363issn
1549-781Xpii
PR33621382061751journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A wide range of protein cancer biomarkers is currently recommended in international guidelines for monitoring the growth and regression of solid tumors. However, a number of these markers are also present in low concentrations in blood obtained from healthy individuals and from patients with benign diseases. In contra...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2014.893279
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homologous blood transfusion has been implicated as a modulator of the host immune system in a number of clinical settings. Improved renal allograft survival is observed in patients receiving pretransplant transfusions. Decreased recurrence of active inflammatory bowel disease has been recently reported in transfused ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408369009105899
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abstract::Most clinical chemical analytes vary in a random manner around a homeostatic set point. Replicate analyses of a series of specimens collected from a group of subjects allows estimation of analytical, within and between subject components of variation. The preferred experimental procedures and statistical methods for e...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368909106595
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abstract::Hemophilia care depends on several factors for the production of purified FVIII: plasma procurement, plasma logistics, production method, and efficacy. The latter two are restrictive factors, both for the supply and the safety of FVIII preparations. Conventional production methodology unavoidably recovers only 10 to 2...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368609111596
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abstract::Urine drug testing is one of the objective tools available to assess adherence. To monitor adherence, quantitative urinary results can assist in differentiating "new" drug use from "previous" (historical) drug use. "Spikes" in urinary concentration can assist in identifying patterns of drug use. Coupled chromatographi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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doi:10.1080/10408363.2020.1774493
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-density lipoprotein (HDL), the most abundant human plasma lipoprotein, plays a major role in reverse cholesterol transport, which recycles cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver. HDL constitutes a heterogeneous group of particles differing in density, size, electrophoretic mobility, and apolipoprotein con...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::The aim of this review is to summarize present evidence of an association between circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cancer risk, and to evaluate whether elevated circulating CRP levels cause cancer. Additionally, the review provides background information on the acute-phase response, chronic inflammat...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::The genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of humans, control a variety of functions involved in immune response and influence susceptibility to over 40 diseases. Theoretical studies in the development of models to determine the modes of inheritance of the HLA-ass...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been widely used as an index of liver dysfunction and marker of alcohol intake. The last few years have seen improvements in these areas and advances in understanding of its physiological role in counteracting oxidative stress by breaking down extracellular glutathione and ma...
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abstract::International standards and practice guidelines recommend the use of delta check alerts for laboratory test result interpretation and quality control. The value of contemporary applications of simple univariate delta checks determined as an absolute change, percentage change, or rate of change to recognize specimen mi...
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abstract::This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing emergency toxicology testing, introduce a variety of currently used methods including mass spectrometry, and compare and contrast the utility of different ty...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction to what is sometimes an otherwise ordinary infection, and it probably represents a pattern of response by the immune system to injury. A hyper-inflammatory response is followed by an immunosuppressive phase during which multiple organ dysfunction is present and the patient is sus...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2013.764490
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), is associated with severe and sometimes fulminant hepatitis. The traditional methods for the diagnosis of HDV infection, such as detection of serum anti-HD antibodies, are sufficient for the clinical diagnosis of delta infection....
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368609110272
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maximum stability of analytes in chemistry control materials is desired. Stability testing is customarily performed by manufacturers, both prior to distribution of products and during the period following distribution when the products are in the field. Users and evaluators of such materials periodically have reported...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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doi:10.3109/10408368209107031
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. They play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Some of these genes are found to be altered in human cancers, i.e., mutated, amplified, deleted, translocated, or abnormally regulated. Recently, the ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408369209114603
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation now has an established place in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Major problems to be overcome in transplantation in patients with aplastic anemia are marrow graft rejection and graft vs. host disease. Results are better in younger patients and in patie...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368309165762
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the major protein of fetal serum and most resembles albumen, which replaces it shortly after birth. It is produced by fetal liver and passes into the amniotic fluid (AF) via fetal urine. A small amount crosses the membranes into the maternal circulation. Excluding fetal blood contamination, ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368109105870
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manife...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Despite the ever growing collection of data concerning the function of the immune system in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck, the precise mechanism by which these tumors effect the body's surveillance against foreign antigen is as yet unidentified. If these specific immunological characteristics...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isoforms of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) protein, which lack the transmembrane and the signaling (soluble RAGE or sRAGE) domains are hypothesized to counteract the detrimental action of the full-length receptor by acting as a decoy, and they provide a potential tool to treat RAGE-associated d...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is rela...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2011.596521
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of chronic diseases represents a leading health and economic issue worldwide. Biomarkers are critical for the diagnosis and management of both communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases, and mobile health (mHealth) technologies are about to change the "game" with regard to the management of patients...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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doi:10.3109/10408363.2015.1094443
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants involved in defense against different types of stress. Extracts containing these compounds have been used for thousands of years in traditional eastern medicine. Polyphenols act on multiple targets in pathways and mechanisms related to carcinogenesis, tumor cell ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2011.631268
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma protein that mediates platelet adhesion as well as platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury and acts as a carrier of factor VIII. Although acquired or inherited VWF deficiency is associated with a bleeding tendency, there is increasing evidence that VWF has a ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of secondary hypertension can be underestimated if appropriate tests are not performed. The importance of selecting patients with a high pre-test probability of secondary forms of hypertension is first discussed. The laboratory tests currently used for seeking a cause of hypertension are critically revi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on the laboratory biochemical tests that are useful in the diagnostic approach to the hypertensive patient. A "minimal" diagnostic laboratory work-up, including a small number of tests that are simple and relatively inexpensive, is first described. Because these tests provide basic information on t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, highly sensitive and specific technique that provides complete information on the chemical composition of biological samples. The technique both can offer fundamental structural information and serve as a quantitative analysis tool...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::There have been major advances in our understanding of thrombosis and antithrombotic drugs. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of thrombus formation and antithrombotic therapy. Molecules involved in arterial thrombosis are derived from inflammatory cells in the atherosclerotic plaque and blood platelets. The...
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00