Hepatitis delta virus: the molecular basis of laboratory diagnosis.

abstract：:Muscle wasting in patients with sepsis, severe injury, and cancer is associated with increased transcription of several genes regulating different proteolytic pathways. The involvement of gene activation in muscle wasting suggests that transcription factors and nuclear cofactors play important roles in the regulation ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Aversa Z,Alamdari N,Hasselgren PO

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the major protein of fetal serum and most resembles albumen, which replaces it shortly after birth. It is produced by fetal liver and passes into the amniotic fluid (AF) via fetal urine. A small amount crosses the membranes into the maternal circulation. Excluding fetal blood contamination, ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Crandall BF

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute leukemias (ALs) are often associated with chromosomal translocations, in particular, KMT2A/MLL gene rearrangements. Identification or confirmation of these translocations is carried out by a number of genetic and molecular methods, some of which are routinely used in clinical practice, while others are primarily...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lomov N,Zerkalenkova E,Lebedeva S,Viushkov V,Rubtsov MA

更新日期：2020-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a group of immunologically mediated lung diseases caused by the inhalation of environmental agents in susceptible individuals. Most HP patients are non-smokers and have been exposed to organic dusts from vegetable or animal products. Some HP cases are associated with exposures to r...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Yi ES

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, as negative co-stimulatory molecules, are indispensable for regulating both physiological and pathological immune responses. The PD-1/PD-L1-mediated signaling pathway has been studied extensively in cancer research and has become a hotspot for biopharmaceutical...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Wang X,Wu M,Cao Y,Zhang Z,Guo F,Li X,Zhang Y

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma protein that mediates platelet adhesion as well as platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury and acts as a carrier of factor VIII. Although acquired or inherited VWF deficiency is associated with a bleeding tendency, there is increasing evidence that VWF has a ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Franchini M,Lippi G

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Dalmasso AP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reviewed are the phosphorylation events reporting activation of protein kinases and the key substrates critical for the DNA damage signaling (DDS). These DDS events are detected immunocytochemically using phospho-specific Abs; flow cytometry or image-assisted cytometry provide the means to quantitatively assess them o...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Darzynkiewicz Z,Zhao H,Halicka HD,Rybak P,Dobrucki J,Wlodkowic D

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is rela...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Smith BW,Adams LA

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. They play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Some of these genes are found to be altered in human cancers, i.e., mutated, amplified, deleted, translocated, or abnormally regulated. Recently, the ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Diamandis EP

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation now has an established place in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Major problems to be overcome in transplantation in patients with aplastic anemia are marrow graft rejection and graft vs. host disease. Results are better in younger patients and in patie...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Weiden PL

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-density lipoprotein (HDL), the most abundant human plasma lipoprotein, plays a major role in reverse cholesterol transport, which recycles cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver. HDL constitutes a heterogeneous group of particles differing in density, size, electrophoretic mobility, and apolipoprotein con...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Tailleux A,Fruchart JC

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the laboratory biochemical tests that are useful in the diagnostic approach to the hypertensive patient. A "minimal" diagnostic laboratory work-up, including a small number of tests that are simple and relatively inexpensive, is first described. Because these tests provide basic information on t...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Seccia TM,Rossi GP

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homologous blood transfusion has been implicated as a modulator of the host immune system in a number of clinical settings. Improved renal allograft survival is observed in patients receiving pretransplant transfusions. Decreased recurrence of active inflammatory bowel disease has been recently reported in transfused ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Triulzi DJ,Blumberg N,Heal JM

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing emergency toxicology testing, introduce a variety of currently used methods including mass spectrometry, and compare and contrast the utility of different ty...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Van Wijk XMR,Goodnough R,Colby JM

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substrate spectrum of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) proteins includes the glucuronidation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapeutics, steroid hormones, bile acids, and bilirubin. The unique genetic organization of the human UGT1A gene locus, and an increasing number...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Strassburg CP,Kalthoff S,Ehmer U

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physical properties and chemical composition of urine are highly variable and are determined in large measure by the quantity and the type of food consumed. The specific gravity is the ratio of the density to that of water, and it is dependent on the number and weight of solute particles and on the temperature of ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Pradella M,Dorizzi RM,Rigolin F

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoelectric focusing (IEF) as a method for differentiating macromolecules with minor differences in isoelectric points has demonstrated an increase in the degree of genetic polymorphisms of the blood. Studies over the last 5 to 6 years have shown that genetic marker systems such as transferrin (TF), phosphoglucomutase...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Dykes DD,Polesky HF

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiotoxicity, including acute and late-onset cardiotoxicity, is a well-known adverse effect of many types of antitumor agents. Early identification of patients with cardiotoxicity is important to ensure prompt treatment and minimize toxic effects. The etiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is multifactorial...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Cao L,Zhu W,Wagar EA,Meng QH

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite pulmonary impairments being the most prevalent, extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 are abundant. Confirmed COVID-19 cases have now surpassed 57.8 million worldwide as of 22 November 2020. ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Higgins V,Sohaei D,Diamandis EP,Prassas I

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 are expressed, usually together, at high levels by the pancreas but also by many other normal and malignant tissues. The present review describes studies on the expression and putative functions of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in the human body. The clinical aspects are discussed...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Paju A,Stenman UH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemophilia care depends on several factors for the production of purified FVIII: plasma procurement, plasma logistics, production method, and efficacy. The latter two are restrictive factors, both for the supply and the safety of FVIII preparations. Conventional production methodology unavoidably recovers only 10 to 2...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Smit Sibinga CT

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, highly sensitive and specific technique that provides complete information on the chemical composition of biological samples. The technique both can offer fundamental structural information and serve as a quantitative analysis tool...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： De Bruyne S,Speeckaert MM,Delanghe JR

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:International standards and practice guidelines recommend the use of delta check alerts for laboratory test result interpretation and quality control. The value of contemporary applications of simple univariate delta checks determined as an absolute change, percentage change, or rate of change to recognize specimen mi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Randell EW,Yenice S

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer is a major and increasing public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, the diagnosis and staging of cancer, as well as the evaluation of response to therapy have been primarily based on morphology, with relatively few cancer biomarkers currently in use. Conventional biomarker studies have been focused on sin...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Feng Q,Yu M,Kiviat NB

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patien...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Stuart J,Nash GB

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lianidou ES,Strati A,Markou A

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The problems of assessment of human zinc status are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the limitations to each of the current available measurements. The advantages and limitations of leukocytes are then described. Methods of preparation and potential problems in the assay for zinc are described in detail. The data...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Patrick J,Dervish C

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary nucleosides offer a number of useful laboratory and clinical applications in the study and analysis of leukemia. There are significant differences in the excretion of modified nucleosides between normal individuals and individuals with various forms of leukemia, as well as between leukemia patients at opposite...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Trewyn RW,Grever MR

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple and inexpensive parameter, which reflects the degree of heterogeneity of erythrocyte volume (conventionally known as anisocytosis), and is traditionally used in laboratory hematology for differential diagnosis of anemias. Nonetheless, recent evidence attests that...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Salvagno GL,Sanchis-Gomar F,Picanza A,Lippi G

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00