Abstract：
:The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide significant information for a better understanding of tumor biology and tumor cell dissemination. CTC molecular characterization offers the unique potential to better understand the biology of metastasis and resistance to established therapies, and analysis of these cells presents a promising field for both advanced and early-stage patients. CTC detection, enumeration, and molecular characterization are very challenging since CTCs are rare, and the amount of available sample is very limited. Since detection of CTCs has been shown to be of considerable utility in the clinical management of patients with solid cancers, various analytical systems for their isolation and detection have been developed. New areas of research are directed towards developing novel assays for single-CTC isolation and molecular characterization. The clinical significance of CTCs has been evaluated in many types of solid cancers, and the CTC enumeration test in metastatic breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was cleared by the FDA almost a decade ago. This review is mainly focused on the clinical potential of CTCs as novel biomarkers in 10 different types of solid cancers: breast, ovarian, prostate, lung, colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, head and neck, bladder cancer and melanoma.
journal_name
Crit Rev Clin Lab Scijournal_title
Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciencesauthors
Lianidou ES,Strati A,Markou Adoi
10.3109/10408363.2014.896316subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
160-71issue
3eissn
1040-8363issn
1549-781Xjournal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple and inexpensive parameter, which reflects the degree of heterogeneity of erythrocyte volume (conventionally known as anisocytosis), and is traditionally used in laboratory hematology for differential diagnosis of anemias. Nonetheless, recent evidence attests that...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2014.992064
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CK-BB isoenzyme is ubiquitous in neoplastic tissue, but with low activity. Accordingly, it might be a nonspecific and insensitive tumor marker. Evaluation of BB isoenzyme in serum might indicate the extent of diseases or the response to therapy. The presence of CK-MB in patients with cancers may cause confusion wi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368609165795
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low molecular-mass plasma proteins play a key role in health and disease. Cystatin C is an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the type 2 cystatin superfamily. The mature, active form of human cystatin C is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 120 amino acid residues, with a mole...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360490504934
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reviewed are the phosphorylation events reporting activation of protein kinases and the key substrates critical for the DNA damage signaling (DDS). These DDS events are detected immunocytochemically using phospho-specific Abs; flow cytometry or image-assisted cytometry provide the means to quantitatively assess them o...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2012.738808
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muscle wasting in patients with sepsis, severe injury, and cancer is associated with increased transcription of several genes regulating different proteolytic pathways. The involvement of gene activation in muscle wasting suggests that transcription factors and nuclear cofactors play important roles in the regulation ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/10408363.2011.591365
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of a G protein-coupled, calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) a decade ago and of diseases caused by CaR mutations provided unquestionable evidence of the CaR's critical role in the maintenance of systemic calcium homeostasis. On the cell membrane of the chief cells of the parathyroid glands, the CaR "senses" t...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360590886606
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:International standards and practice guidelines recommend the use of delta check alerts for laboratory test result interpretation and quality control. The value of contemporary applications of simple univariate delta checks determined as an absolute change, percentage change, or rate of change to recognize specimen mi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408363.2018.1540536
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) continues to find increasing applications in the characterization of microorganisms and the diseases associated with them. GLC has been used to characterize microorganisms through qualitative and quantitative analyses of cellular structural components and soluble extracts and metabolic ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368109106453
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The deoxyuridine suppression (dU) test, first described in 1964, has gained an important place both in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemias and in the study of vitamin B12 folate interrelationships in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic anemia. The test measures the integrity of the de novo synthetic pathway of DNA sy...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368409165775
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), is associated with severe and sometimes fulminant hepatitis. The traditional methods for the diagnosis of HDV infection, such as detection of serum anti-HD antibodies, are sufficient for the clinical diagnosis of delta infection....
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360091174178
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac diseases have been extensively studied following diabetes and altered metabolism has been implicated in its initiation. In this context, there is a shift from glucose utilization to predominantly fatty acid metabolism. We have focused on the micro- and macro-environments that the heart uses to provide fatty ac...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2014.997931
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The substrate spectrum of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) proteins includes the glucuronidation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapeutics, steroid hormones, bile acids, and bilirubin. The unique genetic organization of the human UGT1A gene locus, and an increasing number...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360802374624
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of secondary hypertension can be underestimated if appropriate tests are not performed. The importance of selecting patients with a high pre-test probability of secondary forms of hypertension is first discussed. The laboratory tests currently used for seeking a cause of hypertension are critically revi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360600931831
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been numerous publications on the coagulopathy of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This review provides an introduction to the history and main components of current CPB circuits and summarizes the current knowledge of pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of the CPB coagulopathy. It encompasses an overview ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2010.549291
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regarding the widespread progression of diabetes, its related complications and detrimental effects on human health, investigations on this subject seems compulsory. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a key player in energy metabolism regulation. AMPK is also considered as a prime tar...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408363.2019.1648376
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants involved in defense against different types of stress. Extracts containing these compounds have been used for thousands of years in traditional eastern medicine. Polyphenols act on multiple targets in pathways and mechanisms related to carcinogenesis, tumor cell ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2011.631268
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resveratrol and its naturally dimethylated analog, pterostilbene, show similar biological activities. However, the higher in vivo bioavailability of pterostilbene represents a fundamental advantage. The main focus of this review is on biomedical applications of pterostilbene. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of thi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2013.805182
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our understanding of risk factors for atherogenesis has changed significantly over the last decade. In addition to better grasp of the mechanism of action of the "classic" (causal) risk factors, a number of potentially important new factors has emerged. In this review we briefly summarize the evidence of the relation ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/20014091084245
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been widely used as an index of liver dysfunction and marker of alcohol intake. The last few years have seen improvements in these areas and advances in understanding of its physiological role in counteracting oxidative stress by breaking down extracellular glutathione and ma...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/20014091084227
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer is a major and increasing public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, the diagnosis and staging of cancer, as well as the evaluation of response to therapy have been primarily based on morphology, with relatively few cancer biomarkers currently in use. Conventional biomarker studies have been focused on sin...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360600922632
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patien...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408369009105898
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, highly sensitive and specific technique that provides complete information on the chemical composition of biological samples. The technique both can offer fundamental structural information and serve as a quantitative analysis tool...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408363.2017.1414142
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) represent the largest family of serine proteases within the human genome and are expressed in various tissues. Although they regulate several important physiological functions, KLKs have also been implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer. Growing ev...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2016.1154643
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368609110272
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes can be used as models to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for maintaining/controlling vascular tone. In fact, the study of patients with these syndromes provides important insights into mechanistic details of the most relevant pathways of vascular tone. So far, several ex...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360091174295
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been major advances in our understanding of thrombosis and antithrombotic drugs. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of thrombus formation and antithrombotic therapy. Molecules involved in arterial thrombosis are derived from inflammatory cells in the atherosclerotic plaque and blood platelets. The...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360590951171
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review provides specific information concerning the interpretation and usefulness of antidepressant drug monitoring. Fifteen antidepressants (ADs) were selected based on their importance in the 7 major markets (Japan, USA, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Germany) according to the Cognos Plus Study #11. Lite...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360701713112
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcytic red blood cell states are common clinical problems in both adult and pediatric age groups. The recent widespread availability of electronic blood cell counters for performing routine blood counts has increased the detection of microcytic red blood cells. Physicians must workup both symptomatic and asymptoma...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368209107028
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemophilia care depends on several factors for the production of purified FVIII: plasma procurement, plasma logistics, production method, and efficacy. The latter two are restrictive factors, both for the supply and the safety of FVIII preparations. Conventional production methodology unavoidably recovers only 10 to 2...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368609111596
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The problems of assessment of human zinc status are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the limitations to each of the current available measurements. The advantages and limitations of leukocytes are then described. Methods of preparation and potential problems in the assay for zinc are described in detail. The data...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/10408368409165771
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
