Abstract：
:The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide significant information for a better understanding of tumor biology and tumor cell dissemination. CTC molecular characterization offers the unique potential to better understand the biology of metastasis and resistance to established therapies, and analysis of these cells presents a promising field for both advanced and early-stage patients. CTC detection, enumeration, and molecular characterization are very challenging since CTCs are rare, and the amount of available sample is very limited. Since detection of CTCs has been shown to be of considerable utility in the clinical management of patients with solid cancers, various analytical systems for their isolation and detection have been developed. New areas of research are directed towards developing novel assays for single-CTC isolation and molecular characterization. The clinical significance of CTCs has been evaluated in many types of solid cancers, and the CTC enumeration test in metastatic breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was cleared by the FDA almost a decade ago. This review is mainly focused on the clinical potential of CTCs as novel biomarkers in 10 different types of solid cancers: breast, ovarian, prostate, lung, colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, head and neck, bladder cancer and melanoma.
journal_name
Crit Rev Clin Lab Scijournal_title
Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciencesauthors
Lianidou ES,Strati A,Markou Adoi
10.3109/10408363.2014.896316subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
160-71issue
3eissn
1040-8363issn
1549-781Xjournal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) comprises a group of inherited disorders of iron metabolism that can result in progressive iron overload, morbidity, and mortality, generally in adulthood. HFE-related HH is the most common type of HH and will form the core of this discussion. The discovery of new proteins and gene muta...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360802335716
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CK-BB isoenzyme is ubiquitous in neoplastic tissue, but with low activity. Accordingly, it might be a nonspecific and insensitive tumor marker. Evaluation of BB isoenzyme in serum might indicate the extent of diseases or the response to therapy. The presence of CK-MB in patients with cancers may cause confusion wi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368609165795
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been numerous publications on the coagulopathy of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This review provides an introduction to the history and main components of current CPB circuits and summarizes the current knowledge of pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of the CPB coagulopathy. It encompasses an overview ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2010.549291
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of secondary hypertension can be underestimated if appropriate tests are not performed. The importance of selecting patients with a high pre-test probability of secondary forms of hypertension is first discussed. The laboratory tests currently used for seeking a cause of hypertension are critically revi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360600931831
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcytic red blood cell states are common clinical problems in both adult and pediatric age groups. The recent widespread availability of electronic blood cell counters for performing routine blood counts has increased the detection of microcytic red blood cells. Physicians must workup both symptomatic and asymptoma...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368209107028
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of a G protein-coupled, calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) a decade ago and of diseases caused by CaR mutations provided unquestionable evidence of the CaR's critical role in the maintenance of systemic calcium homeostasis. On the cell membrane of the chief cells of the parathyroid glands, the CaR "senses" t...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360590886606
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiotoxicity, including acute and late-onset cardiotoxicity, is a well-known adverse effect of many types of antitumor agents. Early identification of patients with cardiotoxicity is important to ensure prompt treatment and minimize toxic effects. The etiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is multifactorial...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408363.2016.1261270
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes can be used as models to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for maintaining/controlling vascular tone. In fact, the study of patients with these syndromes provides important insights into mechanistic details of the most relevant pathways of vascular tone. So far, several ex...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360091174295
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manife...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/10408363.2019.1657061
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute leukemias (ALs) are often associated with chromosomal translocations, in particular, KMT2A/MLL gene rearrangements. Identification or confirmation of these translocations is carried out by a number of genetic and molecular methods, some of which are routinely used in clinical practice, while others are primarily...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/10408363.2020.1844135
更新日期：2020-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been widely used as an index of liver dysfunction and marker of alcohol intake. The last few years have seen improvements in these areas and advances in understanding of its physiological role in counteracting oxidative stress by breaking down extracellular glutathione and ma...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/20014091084227
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disorder in which the activity of the bone/liver/kidney or tissue nonspecific form of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is reduced. The clinical expression of the disease is highly variable, but in early life the severity tends to reflect the age of onset. Accordingly, the disease is ofte...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408369109106862
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), is associated with severe and sometimes fulminant hepatitis. The traditional methods for the diagnosis of HDV infection, such as detection of serum anti-HD antibodies, are sufficient for the clinical diagnosis of delta infection....
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360091174178
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D has been attributed roles in the pathogenesis and prevention of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism and autoimmune diseases. The concomitant expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase and of the vitamin D3 receptor in animal and human tissu...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2014.901291
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physical properties and chemical composition of urine are highly variable and are determined in large measure by the quantity and the type of food consumed. The specific gravity is the ratio of the density to that of water, and it is dependent on the number and weight of solute particles and on the temperature of ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368809105890
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer is a major and increasing public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, the diagnosis and staging of cancer, as well as the evaluation of response to therapy have been primarily based on morphology, with relatively few cancer biomarkers currently in use. Conventional biomarker studies have been focused on sin...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360600922632
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The substrate spectrum of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) proteins includes the glucuronidation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapeutics, steroid hormones, bile acids, and bilirubin. The unique genetic organization of the human UGT1A gene locus, and an increasing number...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360802374624
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) continues to find increasing applications in the characterization of microorganisms and the diseases associated with them. GLC has been used to characterize microorganisms through qualitative and quantitative analyses of cellular structural components and soluble extracts and metabolic ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368109106453
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a group of immunologically mediated lung diseases caused by the inhalation of environmental agents in susceptible individuals. Most HP patients are non-smokers and have been exposed to organic dusts from vegetable or animal products. Some HP cases are associated with exposures to r...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360290795583
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low molecular-mass plasma proteins play a key role in health and disease. Cystatin C is an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the type 2 cystatin superfamily. The mature, active form of human cystatin C is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 120 amino acid residues, with a mole...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360490504934
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urine drug testing is one of the objective tools available to assess adherence. To monitor adherence, quantitative urinary results can assist in differentiating "new" drug use from "previous" (historical) drug use. "Spikes" in urinary concentration can assist in identifying patterns of drug use. Coupled chromatographi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/10408363.2020.1774493
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin is a 16-kDa cytokine secreted in humans primarily but not exclusively by adipose tissues. Its concentration in blood is usually proportional to body fat mass, but is higher in women than in men not only because of a different distribution of and greater fat mass in women, but also because testosterone reduces i...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408369991239259
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the ever growing collection of data concerning the function of the immune system in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck, the precise mechanism by which these tumors effect the body's surveillance against foreign antigen is as yet unidentified. If these specific immunological characteristics...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368309165758
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing emergency toxicology testing, introduce a variety of currently used methods including mass spectrometry, and compare and contrast the utility of different ty...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408363.2019.1585415
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is rela...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408363.2011.596521
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck provide a useful model for analyzing patterns and mechanisms of tumor-associated bone destruction. Morphological studies show that a major part of the invasive process is mediated by local osteoclasts which erode bone in front of the advancing tumor. Functional studies indicate...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408368509165845
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review provides specific information concerning the interpretation and usefulness of antidepressant drug monitoring. Fifteen antidepressants (ADs) were selected based on their importance in the 7 major markets (Japan, USA, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Germany) according to the Cognos Plus Study #11. Lite...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408360701713112
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our understanding of risk factors for atherogenesis has changed significantly over the last decade. In addition to better grasp of the mechanism of action of the "classic" (causal) risk factors, a number of potentially important new factors has emerged. In this review we briefly summarize the evidence of the relation ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/20014091084245
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The problems of assessment of human zinc status are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the limitations to each of the current available measurements. The advantages and limitations of leukocytes are then described. Methods of preparation and potential problems in the assay for zinc are described in detail. The data...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/10408368409165771
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluoride has the potential to increase skeletal mass to a greater extent than any other pharmacologic agent, yet it has proven difficult to translate this into therapeutic benefit for patients with low bone mass in diseases such as osteoporosis. This apparent paradox can be explained in part by toxic actions of the io...
journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408369609083059
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
