Alpha-fetoprotein: a review.

abstract：:Estrone sulfate (E1S) is the most abundant circulating estrogen and it has the potential to be used as a biomarker in certain conditions where estimation of low levels of estrogen or changes in relative levels of estrogens are important. This review will critically consider the role of estimating E1S for clinical labo...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Rezvanpour A,Don-Wauchope AC

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reviewed are the phosphorylation events reporting activation of protein kinases and the key substrates critical for the DNA damage signaling (DDS). These DDS events are detected immunocytochemically using phospho-specific Abs; flow cytometry or image-assisted cytometry provide the means to quantitatively assess them o...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Darzynkiewicz Z,Zhao H,Halicka HD,Rybak P,Dobrucki J,Wlodkowic D

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute leukemias (ALs) are often associated with chromosomal translocations, in particular, KMT2A/MLL gene rearrangements. Identification or confirmation of these translocations is carried out by a number of genetic and molecular methods, some of which are routinely used in clinical practice, while others are primarily...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lomov N,Zerkalenkova E,Lebedeva S,Viushkov V,Rubtsov MA

更新日期：2020-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiotoxicity, including acute and late-onset cardiotoxicity, is a well-known adverse effect of many types of antitumor agents. Early identification of patients with cardiotoxicity is important to ensure prompt treatment and minimize toxic effects. The etiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is multifactorial...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Cao L,Zhu W,Wagar EA,Meng QH

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, as negative co-stimulatory molecules, are indispensable for regulating both physiological and pathological immune responses. The PD-1/PD-L1-mediated signaling pathway has been studied extensively in cancer research and has become a hotspot for biopharmaceutical...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Wang X,Wu M,Cao Y,Zhang Z,Guo F,Li X,Zhang Y

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteocalcin is a small (Mr 5800), very interesting bone specific protein, synthesized by osteoblasts and measured in plasma as a biochemical indicator of bone formation. Many immunoassays for osteocalcin have been developed, including radio- and enzymoimmunoassays, with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies....

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Power MJ,Fottrell PF

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manife...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Ghayour-Mobarhan M,Ferns GA,Moghbeli M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homologous blood transfusion has been implicated as a modulator of the host immune system in a number of clinical settings. Improved renal allograft survival is observed in patients receiving pretransplant transfusions. Decreased recurrence of active inflammatory bowel disease has been recently reported in transfused ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Triulzi DJ,Blumberg N,Heal JM

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A wide range of protein cancer biomarkers is currently recommended in international guidelines for monitoring the growth and regression of solid tumors. However, a number of these markers are also present in low concentrations in blood obtained from healthy individuals and from patients with benign diseases. In contra...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Kristiansen S,Nielsen D,Sölétormos G

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of humans, control a variety of functions involved in immune response and influence susceptibility to over 40 diseases. Theoretical studies in the development of models to determine the modes of inheritance of the HLA-ass...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Thomson G

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing emergency toxicology testing, introduce a variety of currently used methods including mass spectrometry, and compare and contrast the utility of different ty...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Van Wijk XMR,Goodnough R,Colby JM

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of a G protein-coupled, calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) a decade ago and of diseases caused by CaR mutations provided unquestionable evidence of the CaR's critical role in the maintenance of systemic calcium homeostasis. On the cell membrane of the chief cells of the parathyroid glands, the CaR "senses" t...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Tfelt-Hansen J,Brown EM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck provide a useful model for analyzing patterns and mechanisms of tumor-associated bone destruction. Morphological studies show that a major part of the invasive process is mediated by local osteoclasts which erode bone in front of the advancing tumor. Functional studies indicate...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Carter RL

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low molecular-mass plasma proteins play a key role in health and disease. Cystatin C is an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the type 2 cystatin superfamily. The mature, active form of human cystatin C is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 120 amino acid residues, with a mole...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Mussap M,Plebani M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patien...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Stuart J,Nash GB

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regarding the widespread progression of diabetes, its related complications and detrimental effects on human health, investigations on this subject seems compulsory. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a key player in energy metabolism regulation. AMPK is also considered as a prime tar...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Momtaz S,Salek-Maghsoudi A,Abdolghaffari AH,Jasemi E,Rezazadeh S,Hassani S,Ziaee M,Abdollahi M,Behzad S,Nabavi SM

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the primary interface between the blood and various tissues of the body, the vascular endothelium exhibits a diverse range of roles and activities, all of which contribute to the overall health and function of the cardiovascular system. In this focused review, we discuss several key aspects of endothelial function,...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Khaddaj Mallat R,Mathew John C,Kendrick DJ,Braun AP

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The problems of assessment of human zinc status are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the limitations to each of the current available measurements. The advantages and limitations of leukocytes are then described. Methods of preparation and potential problems in the assay for zinc are described in detail. The data...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Patrick J,Dervish C

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D has been attributed roles in the pathogenesis and prevention of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism and autoimmune diseases. The concomitant expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase and of the vitamin D3 receptor in animal and human tissu...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Delvin E,Souberbielle JC,Viard JP,Salle B

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoelectric focusing (IEF) as a method for differentiating macromolecules with minor differences in isoelectric points has demonstrated an increase in the degree of genetic polymorphisms of the blood. Studies over the last 5 to 6 years have shown that genetic marker systems such as transferrin (TF), phosphoglucomutase...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Dykes DD,Polesky HF

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urine drug testing is one of the objective tools available to assess adherence. To monitor adherence, quantitative urinary results can assist in differentiating "new" drug use from "previous" (historical) drug use. "Spikes" in urinary concentration can assist in identifying patterns of drug use. Coupled chromatographi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Kapur BM,Aleksa K

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Dalmasso AP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been major advances in our understanding of thrombosis and antithrombotic drugs. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of thrombus formation and antithrombotic therapy. Molecules involved in arterial thrombosis are derived from inflammatory cells in the atherosclerotic plaque and blood platelets. The...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Wu KK,Matijevic-Aleksic N

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maximum stability of analytes in chemistry control materials is desired. Stability testing is customarily performed by manufacturers, both prior to distribution of products and during the period following distribution when the products are in the field. Users and evaluators of such materials periodically have reported...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lawson NS,Haven GT,Williams GW

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), is associated with severe and sometimes fulminant hepatitis. The traditional methods for the diagnosis of HDV infection, such as detection of serum anti-HD antibodies, are sufficient for the clinical diagnosis of delta infection....

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Modahl LE,Lai MM

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluoride has the potential to increase skeletal mass to a greater extent than any other pharmacologic agent, yet it has proven difficult to translate this into therapeutic benefit for patients with low bone mass in diseases such as osteoporosis. This apparent paradox can be explained in part by toxic actions of the io...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Kleerekoper M

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disorder in which the activity of the bone/liver/kidney or tissue nonspecific form of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is reduced. The clinical expression of the disease is highly variable, but in early life the severity tends to reflect the age of onset. Accordingly, the disease is ofte...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Caswell AM,Whyte MP,Russell RG

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The coupling of hematologic data with radionuclide studies of the spleen has provided information as to the functioning of the organ in a variety of disease states. The major radionuclide studies have been presented in terms of the type of information derivable and the various conditions that can result in fairly simi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Spencer RP,Gupta SM

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle wasting in patients with sepsis, severe injury, and cancer is associated with increased transcription of several genes regulating different proteolytic pathways. The involvement of gene activation in muscle wasting suggests that transcription factors and nuclear cofactors play important roles in the regulation ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Aversa Z,Alamdari N,Hasselgren PO

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction to what is sometimes an otherwise ordinary infection, and it probably represents a pattern of response by the immune system to injury. A hyper-inflammatory response is followed by an immunosuppressive phase during which multiple organ dysfunction is present and the patient is sus...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Faix JD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00