Abstract:
:Osteocalcin is a small (Mr 5800), very interesting bone specific protein, synthesized by osteoblasts and measured in plasma as a biochemical indicator of bone formation. Many immunoassays for osteocalcin have been developed, including radio- and enzymoimmunoassays, with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. These are used in many different clinical settings, including bone, kidney, and liver diseases. However, there is a wide range of published values for plasma osteocalcin concentrations in control and patient samples and this has hindered a more widespread adoption of osteocalcin measurement by clinicians. This review discusses how various immunoassays for osteocalcin may contribute to the wide variation of published values and suggests approaches for the development of standardized assays. For example, epitope specificity and immunoreactivity with multiple forms of osteocalcin and osteocalcin peptides in plasma are discussed. It also includes a recent update on interesting clinical applications of osteocalcin.
journal_name
Crit Rev Clin Lab Scijournal_title
Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciencesauthors
Power MJ,Fottrell PFdoi
10.3109/10408369109106867subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
287-335issue
4eissn
1040-8363issn
1549-781Xjournal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This review focuses on the laboratory biochemical tests that are useful in the diagnostic approach to the hypertensive patient. A "minimal" diagnostic laboratory work-up, including a small number of tests that are simple and relatively inexpensive, is first described. Because these tests provide basic information on t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408360500295600
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urine drug testing is one of the objective tools available to assess adherence. To monitor adherence, quantitative urinary results can assist in differentiating "new" drug use from "previous" (historical) drug use. "Spikes" in urinary concentration can assist in identifying patterns of drug use. Coupled chromatographi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408363.2020.1774493
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2014.896316
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D has been attributed roles in the pathogenesis and prevention of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism and autoimmune diseases. The concomitant expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase and of the vitamin D3 receptor in animal and human tissu...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2014.901291
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiotoxicity, including acute and late-onset cardiotoxicity, is a well-known adverse effect of many types of antitumor agents. Early identification of patients with cardiotoxicity is important to ensure prompt treatment and minimize toxic effects. The etiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is multifactorial...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408363.2016.1261270
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CK-BB isoenzyme is ubiquitous in neoplastic tissue, but with low activity. Accordingly, it might be a nonspecific and insensitive tumor marker. Evaluation of BB isoenzyme in serum might indicate the extent of diseases or the response to therapy. The presence of CK-MB in patients with cancers may cause confusion wi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368609165795
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problems of assessment of human zinc status are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the limitations to each of the current available measurements. The advantages and limitations of leukocytes are then described. Methods of preparation and potential problems in the assay for zinc are described in detail. The data...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10408368409165771
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most clinical chemical analytes vary in a random manner around a homeostatic set point. Replicate analyses of a series of specimens collected from a group of subjects allows estimation of analytical, within and between subject components of variation. The preferred experimental procedures and statistical methods for e...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368909106595
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manife...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408363.2019.1657061
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing emergency toxicology testing, introduce a variety of currently used methods including mass spectrometry, and compare and contrast the utility of different ty...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408363.2019.1585415
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) continues to find increasing applications in the characterization of microorganisms and the diseases associated with them. GLC has been used to characterize microorganisms through qualitative and quantitative analyses of cellular structural components and soluble extracts and metabolic ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368109106453
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is rela...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2011.596521
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the primary interface between the blood and various tissues of the body, the vascular endothelium exhibits a diverse range of roles and activities, all of which contribute to the overall health and function of the cardiovascular system. In this focused review, we discuss several key aspects of endothelial function,...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408363.2017.1394267
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world and represents a major challenge for public health, notably in terms of morbidity and mortality. It remains largely under-diagnosed due to the low level of exploration and the absence of international harmonization for biological tests and thresh...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408363.2019.1653820
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patien...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408369009105898
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::International standards and practice guidelines recommend the use of delta check alerts for laboratory test result interpretation and quality control. The value of contemporary applications of simple univariate delta checks determined as an absolute change, percentage change, or rate of change to recognize specimen mi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408363.2018.1540536
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been numerous reports of spectrophotometric and volume problems caused by elevated levels of lipids in blood. The offending lipids, primarily triglycerides, not only cause turbidity leading to optical aberrations when added to analytical reagents, but also result in short-sampling errors leading to the meas...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368709105876
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2015.1094443
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, as negative co-stimulatory molecules, are indispensable for regulating both physiological and pathological immune responses. The PD-1/PD-L1-mediated signaling pathway has been studied extensively in cancer research and has become a hotspot for biopharmaceutical...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408363.2018.1522292
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of humans, control a variety of functions involved in immune response and influence susceptibility to over 40 diseases. Theoretical studies in the development of models to determine the modes of inheritance of the HLA-ass...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408369509084684
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite great progress in prevention strategies, pharmacotherapy and interventional treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiovascular events still constitute the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the modern world. Traditional risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity,...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2014.913549
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368609110272
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) represent the largest family of serine proteases within the human genome and are expressed in various tissues. Although they regulate several important physiological functions, KLKs have also been implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer. Growing ev...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2016.1154643
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle wasting in patients with sepsis, severe injury, and cancer is associated with increased transcription of several genes regulating different proteolytic pathways. The involvement of gene activation in muscle wasting suggests that transcription factors and nuclear cofactors play important roles in the regulation ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/10408363.2011.591365
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of risk factors for atherogenesis has changed significantly over the last decade. In addition to better grasp of the mechanism of action of the "classic" (causal) risk factors, a number of potentially important new factors has emerged. In this review we briefly summarize the evidence of the relation ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/20014091084245
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma protein that mediates platelet adhesion as well as platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury and acts as a carrier of factor VIII. Although acquired or inherited VWF deficiency is associated with a bleeding tendency, there is increasing evidence that VWF has a ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408360600966753
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isoelectric focusing (IEF) as a method for differentiating macromolecules with minor differences in isoelectric points has demonstrated an increase in the degree of genetic polymorphisms of the blood. Studies over the last 5 to 6 years have shown that genetic marker systems such as transferrin (TF), phosphoglucomutase...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368409165772
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants involved in defense against different types of stress. Extracts containing these compounds have been used for thousands of years in traditional eastern medicine. Polyphenols act on multiple targets in pathways and mechanisms related to carcinogenesis, tumor cell ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2011.631268
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deoxyuridine suppression (dU) test, first described in 1964, has gained an important place both in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemias and in the study of vitamin B12 folate interrelationships in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic anemia. The test measures the integrity of the de novo synthetic pathway of DNA sy...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368409165775
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary nucleosides offer a number of useful laboratory and clinical applications in the study and analysis of leukemia. There are significant differences in the excretion of modified nucleosides between normal individuals and individuals with various forms of leukemia, as well as between leukemia patients at opposite...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368609111597
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00