Abstract:
:Estrone sulfate (E1S) is the most abundant circulating estrogen and it has the potential to be used as a biomarker in certain conditions where estimation of low levels of estrogen or changes in relative levels of estrogens are important. This review will critically consider the role of estimating E1S for clinical laboratory practice. As E1S is an estrogen, a wider discussion of estrogens is included to contextualize the review. Assays have been available for a number of years for these estrogens and they have been measured in a number of clinical research studies. However, E1S remains a rarely ordered test. This review highlights the literature that suggests the possible advantages of measuring E1S in addition to, or possibly in place of, the more commonly measured estradiol (E2) and the less commonly measured estrone (E1). The potential biomarker role of E1S in risk stratification for breast cancer, in promotion of proliferation of endometrial cancer, in prognostic information in advanced prostatic carcinoma, and in the monitoring of response to certain hormonal therapy for malignancy is discussed. The methods available for the measurement of E1S are reviewed and the limitations of the current methodologies are described. In conclusion, E1S has some interesting potential applications in clinical laboratory medicine that require further investigation.
journal_name
Crit Rev Clin Lab Scijournal_title
Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciencesauthors
Rezvanpour A,Don-Wauchope ACdoi
10.1080/10408363.2016.1252310subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-01 00:00:00pages
73-86issue
2eissn
1040-8363issn
1549-781Xjournal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) comprises a group of inherited disorders of iron metabolism that can result in progressive iron overload, morbidity, and mortality, generally in adulthood. HFE-related HH is the most common type of HH and will form the core of this discussion. The discovery of new proteins and gene muta...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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doi:10.1080/10408360802335716
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abstract::Fluoride has the potential to increase skeletal mass to a greater extent than any other pharmacologic agent, yet it has proven difficult to translate this into therapeutic benefit for patients with low bone mass in diseases such as osteoporosis. This apparent paradox can be explained in part by toxic actions of the io...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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doi:10.3109/10408369609083059
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abstract::Infants with very low birthweights (less than 1250g) are immunocompromised and have immature hematopoietic systems. They require frequent blood transfusions and have an increased susceptibility to infection. These very low birthweight infants who lack passively acquired antibody against CMV, acquire transfusion-associ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Vitamin D has been attributed roles in the pathogenesis and prevention of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism and autoimmune diseases. The concomitant expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase and of the vitamin D3 receptor in animal and human tissu...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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doi:10.3109/10408363.2014.901291
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abstract::The substrate spectrum of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) proteins includes the glucuronidation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapeutics, steroid hormones, bile acids, and bilirubin. The unique genetic organization of the human UGT1A gene locus, and an increasing number...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::There have been numerous reports of spectrophotometric and volume problems caused by elevated levels of lipids in blood. The offending lipids, primarily triglycerides, not only cause turbidity leading to optical aberrations when added to analytical reagents, but also result in short-sampling errors leading to the meas...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a group of immunologically mediated lung diseases caused by the inhalation of environmental agents in susceptible individuals. Most HP patients are non-smokers and have been exposed to organic dusts from vegetable or animal products. Some HP cases are associated with exposures to r...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 are expressed, usually together, at high levels by the pancreas but also by many other normal and malignant tissues. The present review describes studies on the expression and putative functions of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in the human body. The clinical aspects are discussed...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Microcytic red blood cell states are common clinical problems in both adult and pediatric age groups. The recent widespread availability of electronic blood cell counters for performing routine blood counts has increased the detection of microcytic red blood cells. Physicians must workup both symptomatic and asymptoma...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) constitute a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies that share the ability to bind phospholipids (PL) alone, protein-PL complexes, or PL-binding proteins. They have been detected in isolation, in association with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and durin...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Acute leukemias (ALs) are often associated with chromosomal translocations, in particular, KMT2A/MLL gene rearrangements. Identification or confirmation of these translocations is carried out by a number of genetic and molecular methods, some of which are routinely used in clinical practice, while others are primarily...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408363.2020.1844135
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journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2012.738808
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on the laboratory biochemical tests that are useful in the diagnostic approach to the hypertensive patient. A "minimal" diagnostic laboratory work-up, including a small number of tests that are simple and relatively inexpensive, is first described. Because these tests provide basic information on t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408363.2014.896316
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368609110272
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abstract::International standards and practice guidelines recommend the use of delta check alerts for laboratory test result interpretation and quality control. The value of contemporary applications of simple univariate delta checks determined as an absolute change, percentage change, or rate of change to recognize specimen mi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408363.2018.1540536
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coupling of hematologic data with radionuclide studies of the spleen has provided information as to the functioning of the organ in a variety of disease states. The major radionuclide studies have been presented in terms of the type of information derivable and the various conditions that can result in fairly simi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368909105717
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abstract::The physical properties and chemical composition of urine are highly variable and are determined in large measure by the quantity and the type of food consumed. The specific gravity is the ratio of the density to that of water, and it is dependent on the number and weight of solute particles and on the temperature of ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368809105890
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abstract::Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been widely used as an index of liver dysfunction and marker of alcohol intake. The last few years have seen improvements in these areas and advances in understanding of its physiological role in counteracting oxidative stress by breaking down extracellular glutathione and ma...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Urine drug testing is one of the objective tools available to assess adherence. To monitor adherence, quantitative urinary results can assist in differentiating "new" drug use from "previous" (historical) drug use. "Spikes" in urinary concentration can assist in identifying patterns of drug use. Coupled chromatographi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Most clinical chemical analytes vary in a random manner around a homeostatic set point. Replicate analyses of a series of specimens collected from a group of subjects allows estimation of analytical, within and between subject components of variation. The preferred experimental procedures and statistical methods for e...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408368909106595
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abstract::Osteocalcin is a small (Mr 5800), very interesting bone specific protein, synthesized by osteoblasts and measured in plasma as a biochemical indicator of bone formation. Many immunoassays for osteocalcin have been developed, including radio- and enzymoimmunoassays, with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies....
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two principal forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Animal studies show that bacteria are involved in the etiology of IBD, and much is now known about the inflammatory processes associated with CD and UC, as well as the underlying genetic, environmental, an...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma protein that mediates platelet adhesion as well as platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury and acts as a carrier of factor VIII. Although acquired or inherited VWF deficiency is associated with a bleeding tendency, there is increasing evidence that VWF has a ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::The aim of this review is to summarize present evidence of an association between circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cancer risk, and to evaluate whether elevated circulating CRP levels cause cancer. Additionally, the review provides background information on the acute-phase response, chronic inflammat...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Hemophilia care depends on several factors for the production of purified FVIII: plasma procurement, plasma logistics, production method, and efficacy. The latter two are restrictive factors, both for the supply and the safety of FVIII preparations. Conventional production methodology unavoidably recovers only 10 to 2...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is rela...
journal_title:Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences
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abstract::Cancer is a major and increasing public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, the diagnosis and staging of cancer, as well as the evaluation of response to therapy have been primarily based on morphology, with relatively few cancer biomarkers currently in use. Conventional biomarker studies have been focused on sin...
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