Gamma glutamyl transferase.

abstract：:Microcytic red blood cell states are common clinical problems in both adult and pediatric age groups. The recent widespread availability of electronic blood cell counters for performing routine blood counts has increased the detection of microcytic red blood cells. Physicians must workup both symptomatic and asymptoma...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Marsh WL Jr,Koenig HM

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiotoxicity, including acute and late-onset cardiotoxicity, is a well-known adverse effect of many types of antitumor agents. Early identification of patients with cardiotoxicity is important to ensure prompt treatment and minimize toxic effects. The etiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is multifactorial...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Cao L,Zhu W,Wagar EA,Meng QH

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regarding the widespread progression of diabetes, its related complications and detrimental effects on human health, investigations on this subject seems compulsory. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a key player in energy metabolism regulation. AMPK is also considered as a prime tar...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Momtaz S,Salek-Maghsoudi A,Abdolghaffari AH,Jasemi E,Rezazadeh S,Hassani S,Ziaee M,Abdollahi M,Behzad S,Nabavi SM

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoelectric focusing (IEF) as a method for differentiating macromolecules with minor differences in isoelectric points has demonstrated an increase in the degree of genetic polymorphisms of the blood. Studies over the last 5 to 6 years have shown that genetic marker systems such as transferrin (TF), phosphoglucomutase...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Dykes DD,Polesky HF

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Dalmasso AP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants with very low birthweights (less than 1250g) are immunocompromised and have immature hematopoietic systems. They require frequent blood transfusions and have an increased susceptibility to infection. These very low birthweight infants who lack passively acquired antibody against CMV, acquire transfusion-associ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Adler SP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, highly sensitive and specific technique that provides complete information on the chemical composition of biological samples. The technique both can offer fundamental structural information and serve as a quantitative analysis tool...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： De Bruyne S,Speeckaert MM,Delanghe JR

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of secondary hypertension can be underestimated if appropriate tests are not performed. The importance of selecting patients with a high pre-test probability of secondary forms of hypertension is first discussed. The laboratory tests currently used for seeking a cause of hypertension are critically revi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Rossi GP,Seccia TM,Pessina AC

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manife...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Ghayour-Mobarhan M,Ferns GA,Moghbeli M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of risk factors for atherogenesis has changed significantly over the last decade. In addition to better grasp of the mechanism of action of the "classic" (causal) risk factors, a number of potentially important new factors has emerged. In this review we briefly summarize the evidence of the relation ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Frohlich J,Dobiasova M,Lear S,Lee KW

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this review is to summarize present evidence of an association between circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cancer risk, and to evaluate whether elevated circulating CRP levels cause cancer. Additionally, the review provides background information on the acute-phase response, chronic inflammat...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Allin KH,Nordestgaard BG

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patien...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Stuart J,Nash GB

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoforms of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) protein, which lack the transmembrane and the signaling (soluble RAGE or sRAGE) domains are hypothesized to counteract the detrimental action of the full-length receptor by acting as a decoy, and they provide a potential tool to treat RAGE-associated d...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Steenbeke M,De Bruyne S,De Buyzere M,Lapauw B,Speeckaert R,Petrovic M,Delanghe JR,Speeckaert MM

更新日期：2020-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This manuscript offers a broad overview of the state of emergency toxicology testing in clinical laboratories. We summarize the specific challenges of performing emergency toxicology testing, introduce a variety of currently used methods including mass spectrometry, and compare and contrast the utility of different ty...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Van Wijk XMR,Goodnough R,Colby JM

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The constrained economic context leads laboratories to centralize their routine analyses on high-throughput platforms, to which blood collection tubes are sent from peripheral sampling sites that are sometimes distantly located. Providing biochemistry results as quickly as possible implies to consolidate the maximum n...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lima-Oliveira G,Monneret D,Guerber F,Guidi GC

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes can be used as models to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for maintaining/controlling vascular tone. In fact, the study of patients with these syndromes provides important insights into mechanistic details of the most relevant pathways of vascular tone. So far, several ex...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Calò L,Davis PA,Semplicini A

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma protein that mediates platelet adhesion as well as platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury and acts as a carrier of factor VIII. Although acquired or inherited VWF deficiency is associated with a bleeding tendency, there is increasing evidence that VWF has a ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Franchini M,Lippi G

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lianidou ES,Strati A,Markou A

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. They play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Some of these genes are found to be altered in human cancers, i.e., mutated, amplified, deleted, translocated, or abnormally regulated. Recently, the ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Diamandis EP

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reviewed are the phosphorylation events reporting activation of protein kinases and the key substrates critical for the DNA damage signaling (DDS). These DDS events are detected immunocytochemically using phospho-specific Abs; flow cytometry or image-assisted cytometry provide the means to quantitatively assess them o...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Darzynkiewicz Z,Zhao H,Halicka HD,Rybak P,Dobrucki J,Wlodkowic D

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction to what is sometimes an otherwise ordinary infection, and it probably represents a pattern of response by the immune system to injury. A hyper-inflammatory response is followed by an immunosuppressive phase during which multiple organ dysfunction is present and the patient is sus...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Faix JD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteocalcin is a small (Mr 5800), very interesting bone specific protein, synthesized by osteoblasts and measured in plasma as a biochemical indicator of bone formation. Many immunoassays for osteocalcin have been developed, including radio- and enzymoimmunoassays, with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies....

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Power MJ,Fottrell PF

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The coupling of hematologic data with radionuclide studies of the spleen has provided information as to the functioning of the organ in a variety of disease states. The major radionuclide studies have been presented in terms of the type of information derivable and the various conditions that can result in fairly simi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Spencer RP,Gupta SM

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low molecular-mass plasma proteins play a key role in health and disease. Cystatin C is an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the type 2 cystatin superfamily. The mature, active form of human cystatin C is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 120 amino acid residues, with a mole...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Mussap M,Plebani M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two principal forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Animal studies show that bacteria are involved in the etiology of IBD, and much is now known about the inflammatory processes associated with CD and UC, as well as the underlying genetic, environmental, an...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Macfarlane S,Steed H,Macfarlane GT

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been numerous reports of spectrophotometric and volume problems caused by elevated levels of lipids in blood. The offending lipids, primarily triglycerides, not only cause turbidity leading to optical aberrations when added to analytical reagents, but also result in short-sampling errors leading to the meas...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Artiss JD,Zak B

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of hepatic steatosis not due to excess alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD is up to 30% in developed countries and nearly 10% in developing nations, making NAFLD the most common liver condition in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is rela...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Smith BW,Adams LA

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas, which might extend to local and distant extrapancreatic tissues. The global incidence varies between 17.5 and 73.4 cases per 100,000 and the pathogenesis recognizes alcohol exposure and biliary tract disease as the leading causes, ahead of post-end...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lippi G,Valentino M,Cervellin G

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Sarkar S,Hewison M,Studzinski GP,Li YC,Kalia V

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most clinical chemical analytes vary in a random manner around a homeostatic set point. Replicate analyses of a series of specimens collected from a group of subjects allows estimation of analytical, within and between subject components of variation. The preferred experimental procedures and statistical methods for e...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Fraser CG,Harris EK

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00