The laboratory evaluation of microcytic red blood cells.

abstract：:Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, as negative co-stimulatory molecules, are indispensable for regulating both physiological and pathological immune responses. The PD-1/PD-L1-mediated signaling pathway has been studied extensively in cancer research and has become a hotspot for biopharmaceutical...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Wang X,Wu M,Cao Y,Zhang Z,Guo F,Li X,Zhang Y

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review provides specific information concerning the interpretation and usefulness of antidepressant drug monitoring. Fifteen antidepressants (ADs) were selected based on their importance in the 7 major markets (Japan, USA, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Germany) according to the Cognos Plus Study #11. Lite...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Wille SM,Cooreman SG,Neels HM,Lambert WE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemophilia care depends on several factors for the production of purified FVIII: plasma procurement, plasma logistics, production method, and efficacy. The latter two are restrictive factors, both for the supply and the safety of FVIII preparations. Conventional production methodology unavoidably recovers only 10 to 2...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Smit Sibinga CT

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a group of immunologically mediated lung diseases caused by the inhalation of environmental agents in susceptible individuals. Most HP patients are non-smokers and have been exposed to organic dusts from vegetable or animal products. Some HP cases are associated with exposures to r...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Yi ES

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants involved in defense against different types of stress. Extracts containing these compounds have been used for thousands of years in traditional eastern medicine. Polyphenols act on multiple targets in pathways and mechanisms related to carcinogenesis, tumor cell ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Asensi M,Ortega A,Mena S,Feddi F,Estrela JM

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrone sulfate (E1S) is the most abundant circulating estrogen and it has the potential to be used as a biomarker in certain conditions where estimation of low levels of estrogen or changes in relative levels of estrogens are important. This review will critically consider the role of estimating E1S for clinical labo...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Rezvanpour A,Don-Wauchope AC

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homologous blood transfusion has been implicated as a modulator of the host immune system in a number of clinical settings. Improved renal allograft survival is observed in patients receiving pretransplant transfusions. Decreased recurrence of active inflammatory bowel disease has been recently reported in transfused ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Triulzi DJ,Blumberg N,Heal JM

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) represent the largest family of serine proteases within the human genome and are expressed in various tissues. Although they regulate several important physiological functions, KLKs have also been implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer. Growing ev...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Filippou PS,Karagiannis GS,Musrap N,Diamandis EP

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substrate spectrum of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) proteins includes the glucuronidation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapeutics, steroid hormones, bile acids, and bilirubin. The unique genetic organization of the human UGT1A gene locus, and an increasing number...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Strassburg CP,Kalthoff S,Ehmer U

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction to what is sometimes an otherwise ordinary infection, and it probably represents a pattern of response by the immune system to injury. A hyper-inflammatory response is followed by an immunosuppressive phase during which multiple organ dysfunction is present and the patient is sus...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Faix JD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite great progress in prevention strategies, pharmacotherapy and interventional treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiovascular events still constitute the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the modern world. Traditional risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity,...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Krintus M,Kozinski M,Kubica J,Sypniewska G

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation now has an established place in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Major problems to be overcome in transplantation in patients with aplastic anemia are marrow graft rejection and graft vs. host disease. Results are better in younger patients and in patie...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Weiden PL

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The CK-BB isoenzyme is ubiquitous in neoplastic tissue, but with low activity. Accordingly, it might be a nonspecific and insensitive tumor marker. Evaluation of BB isoenzyme in serum might indicate the extent of diseases or the response to therapy. The presence of CK-MB in patients with cancers may cause confusion wi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Tsung JS

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manife...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Ghayour-Mobarhan M,Ferns GA,Moghbeli M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas, which might extend to local and distant extrapancreatic tissues. The global incidence varies between 17.5 and 73.4 cases per 100,000 and the pathogenesis recognizes alcohol exposure and biliary tract disease as the leading causes, ahead of post-end...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lippi G,Valentino M,Cervellin G

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac diseases have been extensively studied following diabetes and altered metabolism has been implicated in its initiation. In this context, there is a shift from glucose utilization to predominantly fatty acid metabolism. We have focused on the micro- and macro-environments that the heart uses to provide fatty ac...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Puthanveetil P,Wan A,Rodrigues B

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle wasting in patients with sepsis, severe injury, and cancer is associated with increased transcription of several genes regulating different proteolytic pathways. The involvement of gene activation in muscle wasting suggests that transcription factors and nuclear cofactors play important roles in the regulation ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Aversa Z,Alamdari N,Hasselgren PO

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute leukemias (ALs) are often associated with chromosomal translocations, in particular, KMT2A/MLL gene rearrangements. Identification or confirmation of these translocations is carried out by a number of genetic and molecular methods, some of which are routinely used in clinical practice, while others are primarily...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lomov N,Zerkalenkova E,Lebedeva S,Viushkov V,Rubtsov MA

更新日期：2020-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:High-density lipoprotein (HDL), the most abundant human plasma lipoprotein, plays a major role in reverse cholesterol transport, which recycles cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver. HDL constitutes a heterogeneous group of particles differing in density, size, electrophoretic mobility, and apolipoprotein con...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Tailleux A,Fruchart JC

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Dalmasso AP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A wide range of protein cancer biomarkers is currently recommended in international guidelines for monitoring the growth and regression of solid tumors. However, a number of these markers are also present in low concentrations in blood obtained from healthy individuals and from patients with benign diseases. In contra...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Kristiansen S,Nielsen D,Sölétormos G

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been major advances in our understanding of thrombosis and antithrombotic drugs. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of thrombus formation and antithrombotic therapy. Molecules involved in arterial thrombosis are derived from inflammatory cells in the atherosclerotic plaque and blood platelets. The...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Wu KK,Matijevic-Aleksic N

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Sarkar S,Hewison M,Studzinski GP,Li YC,Kalia V

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low molecular-mass plasma proteins play a key role in health and disease. Cystatin C is an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the type 2 cystatin superfamily. The mature, active form of human cystatin C is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 120 amino acid residues, with a mole...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Mussap M,Plebani M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disorder in which the activity of the bone/liver/kidney or tissue nonspecific form of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is reduced. The clinical expression of the disease is highly variable, but in early life the severity tends to reflect the age of onset. Accordingly, the disease is ofte...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Caswell AM,Whyte MP,Russell RG

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Lianidou ES,Strati A,Markou A

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of chronic diseases represents a leading health and economic issue worldwide. Biomarkers are critical for the diagnosis and management of both communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases, and mobile health (mHealth) technologies are about to change the "game" with regard to the management of patients...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Gruson D,Ko G

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. They play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Some of these genes are found to be altered in human cancers, i.e., mutated, amplified, deleted, translocated, or abnormally regulated. Recently, the ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Diamandis EP

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 are expressed, usually together, at high levels by the pancreas but also by many other normal and malignant tissues. The present review describes studies on the expression and putative functions of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in the human body. The clinical aspects are discussed...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Paju A,Stenman UH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants with very low birthweights (less than 1250g) are immunocompromised and have immature hematopoietic systems. They require frequent blood transfusions and have an increased susceptibility to infection. These very low birthweight infants who lack passively acquired antibody against CMV, acquire transfusion-associ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences

authors： Adler SP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00