Abstract:
:Oral fluid (OF) is increasingly used for clinical, forensic and workplace drug testing as an alternative to urine. Uncertainties surrounding OF collection device performance, drug stability and testing reproducibility may be partially responsible for delays in the implementation of OF testing in regulated drug testing programs. Stability of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) fortified and authentic specimens was examined after routine collection, transport and laboratory testing. Acceptable recovery and stability were observed when THC-fortified OF (1.5 and 4.5 ng/mL) was applied to Oral-Eze devices. Neat OF samples collected with Oral-Eze, processed per the package insert, and fortified with THC (3 and 6 ng/mL) were stable (±20%) at room temperature (21-25°C), refrigerated (2-8°C) and frozen (-25 to -15°C) conditions up to 1 month, while samples collected with Intercept devices showed decreases at refrigerated and room temperatures. After long-term refrigerated or frozen storage, maximum reductions in THC concentrations were 42% for Oral-Eze and 69% for Intercept. After ≥1 year frozen storage, 80.7% of laboratory specimens positive for THC (3 ng/mL cut-off) by GC-MS were reconfirmed positive (within 25%), with an average THC decrease of 4.2%. Specimens (n = 47) processed with Oral-Eze (diluted) and tested via enzyme immunoassay were concordant with LC-MS-MS results and showed 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Paired specimens collected with Oral-Eze and Intercept exhibited 98% overall agreement between the immunoassay test systems. Collectively, these data demonstrate consistent and reproducible recovery and stability of THC in OF after collection, transport and laboratory testing using the Oral-Eze OF Collection System.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Samano KL,Anne L,Johnson T,Tang K,Sample RHdoi
10.1093/jat/bkv093subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
648-54issue
8eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403pii
bkv093journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bisphenol S (BPS) has been detected in personal care products, water, food and indoor house dust, demonstrating the potential for human exposure. Due to limited data to characterize the hazard of BPS, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) is investigating the toxicity of BPS in rodent models. Generating systemic expos...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkab008
更新日期:2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the simultaneous extraction of the hallucinogens psilocin, bufotenine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as well as iso-LSD, nor-LSD and O-H-LSD from hair with hydrochloride acid and methanol is presented. Clean-up of the hair extracts is performed with solid phase extraction using a mixed-mode cation exch...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku141
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and sensitive solid-phase extraction method for the lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD) was developed for use in a forensic laboratory. The method uses a positive-pressure manifold anion-exchange polymer-based solid-phase extraction with subsequent analysis by liquid chrom...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/27.7.459
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript reviews data available in the scientific literature relative to drug testing for the five mandated drug classes and circumstances other than abuse of the drug itself that could result in a positive test. For marijuana, passive inhalation, unknowing oral ingestion, and the use of Marinol are discussed. ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.6.450
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and efficient high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a reversed-phase eluent of methanol-water with butylamine on a silica column was developed for the separation and quantitation of clomipramine (CMI), its demethylated metabolites (desmethyl-clomipramine and didesmethyl-clomipramine [DDCMI]), an...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.2.101
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS-MS) method was developed for quantitating the urinary metabolites of the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin, soman, tabun (GA), VX, and GF. Urine samples were concentrated by codistillation with acetonitrile, derivatized by methylation with diazo...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.1.6
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selectivity of analytical methods used to determine ethanol in body fluids has always been an important concern in connection with chemical testing for intoxication. Allegations of false high breath-alcohol readings obtained because of the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) other than ethanol is a well-...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.7.522
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hair screening method has been developed for the detection of methamphetamine using an immunoassay analyzer (AxSYM) with a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) technique. The method consisted of washing, cutting and digesting a hair sample (5 mg) with an enzymatic digestion solution. The digested hair sample...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt011
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports the impact of diuresis on urinary excretion of ethanol in seven healthy volunteers who drank 1000 mL of export beer (44 g ethanol) in 30 min and, 120 min later, ingested 500 or 1000 mL of water within 5 min. Urine was voided before drinking started and every 30-60 min for 360 min after the start o...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.7.565
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene glycol (EG), a relatively infrequent cause of fatal intoxication, presents an analytical challenge for forensic confirmation in postmortem toxicology. We report EG and glycolic acid (GA) quantification in postmortem blood by gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using a m...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/33.8.508
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The post mortem findings of pentazocine and tripelennamine ("T's and Blues") in abusers dying in the City of St. Louis between July 1, 1979 and July 30, 1981 are presented. Thirty-three deaths were homicides; 30 black males, ages 21-38; one white male, age 26, died from gunshot wounds; and two black females, age 18 an...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/6.3.109
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), a recently scheduled designer drug, in the rat has been studied by analyzing its urinary metabolites. p-Hydroxy-BZP (p-OH-BZP) was unequivocally identified as the main metabolite along with a minor metabolite m-hydroxy-BZP (m-OH-BZP), using gas chromatography-mass spectromet...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.1.38
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and efficient method, based on the adsorption properties of octadecasilane bonded silica, is described for the rapid extraction of acidic drugs from whole post mortem blood. The blood was diluted, passed through an extraction column containing the bonded silica and the absorbed drugs were eluted with methanol...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/7.3.116
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of chemical agents were evaluated to determine their effects on fluorescence polarization immunoassays for drugs of abuse. Sixteen different agents, at concentrations up to 10%, were tested against urine assays for cannabinoids, cocaine (metabolite), amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), and barbiturat...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/17.1.14
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this project was to validate a new high-throughput homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (HEIA) for the rapid detection of carisoprodol in human urine. Carisoprodol (Soma(®)) and meprobamate are widely prescribed as musculoskeletal pain relief drugs and are listed as one of the 10 most frequently identified ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/anatox/35.2.108
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uncertainty is an inherent property of all measurements. The magnitude of this uncertainty will determine the number of meaningful digits that should be reported in a measurement result. Several statistical arguments are considered providing evidence that three digit truncated results are more appropriate than two sin...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkv025
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes two relatively simple methods for the microdetermination of urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and urinary nickel (U-Ni) using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Reduction of nonspecific absorption interferences was achieved by temperature programming and background correction using a deuterium ar...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/14.1.29
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been used to identify ethanol in vivo and to detect other exogenous low molecular weight volatiles in human serum. 1H MRS was used to detect and quantitate 15 human sera containing various concentrations and combinations of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/17.5.273
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method to measure metabolites of atrazine, phenylurea, and sulfonylurea herbicides in human urine. The metabolites measured in the method include atrazine mercapturate, desethyl atrazine, and desisopropyl atrazine as markers of...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.4.181
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was used to test for opiates (morphine, hydromorphone, and codeine) in extracts of blood, bile, and tissue homogenates. All immunoassay opiate positive specimens were then tested by a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic procedure using electrochemical detection (LCEC...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/8.2.78
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart blood free oxycodone concentrations in oxycodone-related and mixed drug overdose deaths were compared with those found incidentally at autopsy in medical examiner cases. Between 2000 and 2005, 67 oxycodone-positive postmortem cases were identified. Thirty of 67 cases (44.8%) were determined to be drug overdoses....
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/32.8.673
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study of the urinary concentration of fentanyl (F) and its major metabolite norfentanyl (NF) in chronic pain patients treated with the Duragesic continuous release transdermal patches is presented. These patches are available in 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm(2) sizes releasing 25, 50, 75, and 100 microg/h F, respectively. F...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/jat/28.6.422
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hop-derived iso-α-acid (IAA) ingredient congeners are specific to beer. Concentrations of IAAs were determined in blood of five volunteers over 6 h following the consumption of small volumes of beer containing relatively high (Pale Ale beer) or low (wheat beer) concentrations of IAAs. IAAs were quickly absorbed with p...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku038
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been numerous reports of lead poisoning resulting from the ingestion of foreign bodies. A case involving the ingestion of spent air rifle pellets is described. No clinical symptoms were observed, despite the fact that the young child exhibited elevated blood lead levels as high as 2.7 micromol/L (56 microg/...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.6.370
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Niflumic acid is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely prescribed in Greece. We recently noticed that this drug cross-reacts for cannabinoids in a kinetic interaction of microparticles in a solution (KIMS) immunoassay method but does not in an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) immunoassay method. ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/34.4.229
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic transformation of zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin which can contaminate both food and feed, results in the formation of five metabolites, one of them being zeranol (α-ZAL), which can be abused in farm animals as a growth promoter. To the best of our knowledge, there is no analytical method that can distinguis...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bky069
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radioactive methadone, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam were easily and efficiently removed from human urine samples by adsorption on C18 bonded silica phases. These techniques were simpler than conventional extractions at pH 9.3 or 5.2 with dichloromethane, XAD-2 and methanol, or Celite 560 and dichloromethane....
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/9.6.269
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitreous humor is a fluid contained in the eye that is largely composed of water. The advantages of vitreous humor as a specimen for postmortem drug analysis include its relatively low susceptibility to contamination and the ability to analyze vitreous humor with little or no pretreatment. The postmortem analysis of e...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.8.537
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gelsemium plants are highly poisonous but toxicological evaluation of suspected poisoning cases has been hampered by the chemical complexity of the gelsemium toxins involved. A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry protocol was optimized for the collective detection of gelsemine and related alkaloid...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/33.1.56
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bupropion is a "second generation" antidepressant agent structurally related to the phenethylamines. Postmortem toxicology data are presented from three suicidal drug overdoses in which bupropion was detected. In two cases in which bupropion was the major toxicology finding, peripheral blood levels of the parent drug ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/17.7.436
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00