Abstract：
:Kokartus honorarius from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Kyrgyzstan is one of the oldest salamanders in the fossil record, characterized by a mixture of plesiomorphic morphological features and characters shared with crown-group salamanders. Here we present a detailed histological analysis of its long bones. The analysis of a growth series demonstrates a significant histological maturation during ontogeny, expressed by the progressive appearance of longitudinally oriented primary vascular canals, primary osteons, growth marks, remodelling features in primary bone tissues, as well as progressive resorption of the calcified cartilage, formation of endochondral bone and development of cartilaginous to bony trabeculae in the epiphyses. Apart from the presence of secondary osteons, the long bone histology of Kokartus is very similar to that of miniaturized temnospondyls, other Jurassic stem salamanders, miniaturized seymouriamorphs and modern crown-group salamanders. We propose that the presence of secondary osteons in Kokartus honorarius is a plesiomorphic feature, and the loss of secondary osteons in the long bones of crown-group salamanders as well as in those of miniaturized temnospondyls is the result of miniaturization processes. Hitherto, all stem salamander long bong histology (Kokartus, Marmorerpeton and 'salamander A') has been generally described as having paedomorphic features (i.e. the presence of Katschenko's Line and a layer of calcified cartilage), these taxa were thus most likely neotenic forms. The absence of clear lines of arrested growth and annuli in long bones of Kokartus honorarius suggests that the animals lived in an environment with stable local conditions.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Skutschas P,Stein Kdoi
10.1111/joa.12281subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
334-47issue
4eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
226pub_type
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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doi：
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
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更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
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