Abstract：
:Neurons are extremely polarised cells in which the cytoskeleton, composed of microtubules, microfilaments and neurofilaments, plays a crucial role in maintaining structure and function. Neurofilaments, the 10-nm intermediate filaments of neurons, provide structure and mechanoresistance but also provide a scaffolding for the organization of the nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and ER. Disruption of neurofilament organization and expression or metabolism of neurofilament proteins is characteristic of certain neurological syndromes including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth sensorimotor neuropathies and Giant Axonal Neuropathy. Microfluorometric live imaging techniques have been instrumental in revealing the dynamics of neurofilament assembly and transport and their functions in organizing intracellular organelle networks. The insolubility of neurofilament proteins has limited identifying interactors by conventional biochemical techniques but yeast two-hybrid experiments have revealed new roles for oligomeric, nonfilamentous structures including vesicular trafficking. Although having long half-lives, new evidence points to degradation of subunits by the ubiquitin-proteasome system as a mechanism of normal turnover. Although certain E3-ligases ubiquitinating neurofilament proteins have been identified, the overall process of neurofilament degradation is not well understood. We review these mechanisms of neurofilament homeostasis and abnormalities in motor neuron and peripheral nerve disorders. Much remains to discover about the disruption of processes that leads to their pathological aggregation and accumulation and the relevance to pathogenesis. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies.
journal_name
Cell Tissue Resjournal_title
Cell and tissue researchauthors
Gentil BJ,Tibshirani M,Durham HDdoi
10.1007/s00441-014-2082-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-01 00:00:00pages
609-20issue
3eissn
0302-766Xissn
1432-0878journal_volume
360pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily comprises a group of non-selective cation channels that have been implicated in both receptor and store-operated channel functions. The family of the classical TRPs (TRPCs) consists of seven members (TRPC1-7). The presence of TRPC1 and TRPC5 mRNA in the brain has prev...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-005-0004-4
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The orderly arrangement of fibroblasts and collagen in tendons and ligaments suggests that these cells may have precise relationships with one another and with the collagen fibrils. The spatial organization of rat tail tendon was therefore examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by reconstruct...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00217304
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructural localisation of acid phosphatases (AcPhs) during the normal daily breakdown of rhabdomere membrane in Dinopis has been examined using beta-glycerophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrates. Results are related to the classification of organelles in the receptors given by Blest, Powell and ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236082
更新日期：1979-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Steroid hormones intervene in the structural and functional regulation of neuronal processes during development and thus determine brain differentiation. The effects of estrogens are mediated by two transcription factors, namely estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and estrogen receptor β (ER-β), that regulate the expression of...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-014-2023-5
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortisone-treated Buffalo rats have been parabiosed with untreated controls of the same age. The optical and electron microscopy, including histochemistry, of costal cartilage of these rats has been compared with that in single cortisone treated rats, single controls, and control parabiosed with control rats, at 14 an...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00223122
更新日期：1978-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：:This review summarizes findings concerning the unique developmental characteristics of mouse head muscles (mainly the masticatory and tongue muscles) and compares their characteristics with those of other muscles. The developmental origin of the masticatory muscles is the somitomeres, whereas the tongue and other musc...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-005-0019-x
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The skeletal body muscle of vertebrates is derived from segmentally arranged mesodermal structures, the somites. Only the dorsal epithelial half of the somite, the dermomyotome, gives rise to muscle cells during normal development. Head muscle takes its origin from the somites, the unsegmented paraxial head mesoderm a...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s004410051281
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous nerve fibres containing acetylcholinesterase and noradrenaline, as well as avian pancreatic polypeptide-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, or substance P-like immunoreactivity are observed around arteries in the external carotid rete of the cat. The nerves are located in the adventitial layer close to the medi...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00218360
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytotrophoblastic cell columns and trophoblastic shell of macaque placentas accumulate progressively greater amounts of intercellular material during early gestation. We studied the composition of this material in placentas collected from 22-34 days of gestation by using immunoperoxidase techniques directed to the...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00328009
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry analyses have shown that the Ciona intestinalis tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (CiTNFalpha), which has been previously cloned and sequenced, is expressed either during the inflammatory pharynx response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or during the swimming larval phase of ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-010-0993-5
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ossification of calvariae from day-21 rat fetuses was reinvestigated by electron microscopy using different fixation techniques (glutaraldehyde/OsO4, tannic acid, ruthenium red, K-pyroantimonate). An osteoid layer with scattered mineral deposits was found at the mineralization front. Directly beyond this layer, a shee...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00318693
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal differentiation is characterized by stereotypical sequences of membrane channel and receptor acquisition. This is regulated by the coordinated interactions of a variety of developmental mechanisms, one of which is the control by steroid hormones. We have used the metamorphosis of the holometabolous insect, Ma...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-006-0175-7
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of adult brown bullheads Ictalurus nebulosus (120-450 g) to environmental hypercapnia (2% carbon dioxide in air) and subsequent recovery caused transient changes in whole body net sodium flux (JnetNa+) and net chloride flux (JnetCl-) resulting largely from changes in whole body sodium influx (JNa+in) and chlo...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00319161
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells binding anti-bovine TASH beta serum were found exclusively in the rostral lobe of the adenohypophysis of the drake using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex unlabelled antibody method. The specificity of the binding of the anti-serum to TSH cells was established by relating the morphology and relative abundanc...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00234834
更新日期：1979-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Elevated target-derived smooth muscle nerve growth factor (NGF) and resultant neurogenic plasticity are associated with both hypertension and hyperactive voiding in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs: hypertensive, behaviorally hyperactive). In culture, vascular (VSMCs) and bladder (BSMCs) smooth muscle cells deriv...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410051194
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thin sections after bile duct ligation showed that the depth of tight junctions appeared to increase and that the distance between individual punctate contacts appeared to become irregular and wider than in controls. The freeze fracture replicas clearly demonstrated these changes in the tight junction morphology. Chan...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236724
更新日期：1978-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Type-A spermatogonia can be found in different locations throughout the germinal epithelium of human seminiferous tubules. Generally they represent the population of germ cells adjacent to the basal lamina, but under special conditions they may be located in the adluminal compartment. This aberrant location is found n...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00216510
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three types of sensilla occurring on the lips and on the antennae of Peripatopsis moseleyi have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. On the lips sensory spines can be found which contain numerous cilia originating from bipolar receptor cells. They reach the tip of the spine where the cut...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00220613
更新日期：1977-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the pharmacological properties and distribution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive calcium stores vary considerably among tissues, studies of its localization have been devoted mostly to the central nervous system. In this report we have analyzed the localization of IP3 receptors in diverse non-n...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410050641
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fine structure of boar Leydig cells is re-examined in samples post-fixed with OSO4-K4Fe(CN)6, an elective method to preserve the ultrastructural detail of the endocrine testis. The cells show a pleomorphic arrangement of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Large "vesicle-like" dilatations are interspersed in the tub...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00211483
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although cartilage is considered to be devoid of innervation, axons occur in the perichondrium and during development in cartilage canals, thereby having a relatively close spatial relationship to chondroblasts and chondrocytes. The present study locates the source of the sensory innervation of the femoral cartilagino...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004419900142
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stem cells with their distinct ability of self-renewal and differentiation are considered an innovation in wound healing. However, there is lack of studies comparing the differential effect of the type and administration route of stem cells in the wound healing context. Thus, the current study has been designed to...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-018-2879-x
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serine proteases, cysteine proteases, aspartic proteases and matrix metalloproteinases play an essential role in extracellular matrix remodeling and turnover through their proteolytic action on collagens, proteoglycans, fibronectin, elastin and laminin. Proteases can also act on chemokines, receptors and anti-microbia...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-012-1390-z
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was localized in nerve cell bodies and nerve terminals in the cat coeliac ganglion. Two types of somatostatin-immunoreactive cell bodies were revealed, the first being large (diameter 35 microns), numerous and weakly labelled, whereas the second was considerably smaller (diameter 10....
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00327290
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructure of immunoreactive somatotrophs and lactotrophs in pituitaries of fetal rats at 19, 20 and 21 days of gestation and on the day of birth was studied. Somatotrophs, first detectable at 19 days of gestation, undergo only minor modifications before reaching the structure described for adults. In particul...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00213955
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive cells were identified within the epithelium of distal conducting airways in the human fetus and infant. Several peptides and amines, including calcitonin, have been identified previously within a specific population of airway epithelial cells. These cells, referred to as ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00218949
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chemical nature of the thickened plasma membrane of cornified cells in stratified squamous epithelium was investigated in comparison with that in noncornified epithelium. Localizations of transglutaminase, molecular weight 92,000 daltons, and detection of epidermal cysteine proteinase inhibitor were effected with ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00215516
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The otoconia of Amphibia, especially of the frog Rana esculenta, were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM studies showed that the membranous labyrinth of Amphibia contains two populations of crystals, which can easily be distinguished by their forms. The X-ray diffraction data ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00222230
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The medial preoptic nucleus of the Japanese quail is a testosterone-sensitive structure that is involved in the control of male copulatory behavior. The full understanding of the role played by this nucleus in the control of reproduction requires the identification of its afferent and efferent connections. In order to...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00343944
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaptogyrins are conserved components of the exocytic apparatus and function as regulators of Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis. The synaptogyrin family comprises three isoforms: two neuronal (synaptogyrin-1 and -3) and one ubiquitous (synaptogyrin-2) form. Although the expression patterns of the exocytic proteins synaptot...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-013-1629-3
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
