Effector triggered immunity.

abstract：:Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an emerging healthcare crisis. Infections due to CRE are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in critically ill patients. Due to the multi-drug resistant nature of these infections only limited treatment options are available. Antimicrobials that ha...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Neuner EA,Gallagher JC

更新日期：2017-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, we examined prolonged infection after antigenic co-stimulation by inoculation of the fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi at two different sites in three mouse strains (BALB/c, Swiss, and C57BL/6). Using this murine model of infection, we showed that antigen induction of infection at more than one site led ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Machado AP,Silva MR,Fischman O

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial IgA1 proteases are thought to be important virulence factors in respiratory tract infections. These proteolytic enzymes specifically cleave one of several post-proline peptide bonds within the hinge region of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). Human IgA1 was cleaved with an IgA1 protease purified from an isolat...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Mistry DV,Stockley RA

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial eukaryotic-like serine threonine kinases (eSTKs) and serine threonine phosphatases (eSTPs) have emerged as important signaling elements that are indispensable for pathogenesis. Differing considerably from their histidine kinase counterparts, few eSTK genes are encoded within the average bacterial genome, and...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Wright DP,Ulijasz AT

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction between pathogens and their host plants is a ubiquitous process. Some plant fungal pathogens can form a specific infection structure, such as an appressorium, which is formed by the accumulation of a large amount of glycerin and thereby the creation of an extremely high intracellular turgor pressure, w...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Zhu XM,Li L,Wu M,Liang S,Shi HB,Liu XH,Lin FC

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent bacterial pathogen that is easily aerosolized and has a low infectious dose. As an intracellular pathogen, entry of Francisella into host cells is critical for its survival and virulence. However, the initial steps of attachment and internalization of Francisella into host c...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Moreau GB,Mann BJ

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs such as linezolid that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis may be beneficial in treating infections caused by toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus. As protein synthesis inhibitors have no effect on preformed toxins, neutralization of pathogenic exotoxins with anti-toxin antibodies may be beneficial in conjunction wit...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Karau MJ,Tilahun ME,Krogman A,Osborne BA,Goldsby RA,David CS,Mandrekar JN,Patel R,Rajagopalan G

更新日期：2017-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Bloodstream infections (BSI) carry a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality in modern internal medicine wards (IMW). These wards are often filled with elderly subjects with several risk factors for BSI, such as multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy, immunosuppression, and indwelling devices. Diagnosing BSI in such a s...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Del Bono V,Giacobbe DR

更新日期：2016-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune cell compartments in HIV-infected patients are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These alterations define the immunological age of individuals and are likely to participate to the decline of immune competence with HIV d...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Appay V,Sauce D

更新日期：2017-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Current treatment for combatting Chagas disease, a life-threatening illness caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is inadequate, and thus the discovery of new antiparasitic compounds is of prime importance. Previous studies identified the indirubins, a class of ATP kinase inhibitors, as pote...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Efstathiou A,Meira CS,Gaboriaud-Kolar N,Bastos TM,Rocha VPC,Vougogiannopoulou K,Skaltsounis AL,Smirlis D,Soares MBP

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) do not have a well-defined and stable 3-dimensional fold. Some IDPs can function as either transient or permanent binders of other proteins and may interact with an array of ligands by adopting different conformations. A novel outer membrane lipoprotein, bacterial interleukin r...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Ahlstrand T,Tuominen H,Beklen A,Torittu A,Oscarsson J,Sormunen R,Pöllänen MT,Permi P,Ihalin R

更新日期：2017-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial pathogens release a number of toxins that are able to form pores in target host cells, which can result in their destruction. Due to this property of this subgroup of toxins, they are considered virulence factors. A lesser known ability of these toxins when present at lower concentrations that are insufficie...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Yoong P

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae(hvKp) is an increasingly important pathogen. Tracking its epidemiology and evolving antimicrobial resistance will facilitate care. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted in two hospitals. We collected the clinical data. Antimicrobial and virulence-associated phenotyp...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Liu C,Du P,Xiao N,Ji F,Russo TA,Guo J

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) evolve from low pathogenic (LP) precursors after circulation in poultry by reassortment and/or single mutations in different gene segments including that encoding NS1. The carboxyl terminal end (CTE) of NS1 exhibits deletions between amino acid 202 and 230 with stil...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Abdelwhab el-SM,Veits J,Breithaupt A,Gohrbandt S,Ziller M,Teifke JP,Stech J,Mettenleiter TC

更新日期：2016-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes phenotypical changes during host infection in order to promote persistence and survival. Studies have demonstrated that such adaptations require alterations in gene transcription networks by distinct mechanisms. Drugs such as the histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) Sodium Butyrate...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Brandão FA,Derengowski LS,Albuquerque P,Nicola AM,Silva-Pereira I,Poças-Fonseca MJ

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, epithelial cells have been a largely ignored component of host responses to microbes. However, this has been largely overturned over the last decade as an ever increasing number of studies have highlighted the key role that these cells play in many of our interactions with our microbiota and pathogens....

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Moyes DL,Richardson JP,Naglik JR

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of abundant mobile genetic elements called retrotransposons reverse transcribe RNA to generate DNA for insertion into eukaryotic genomes. Non-long-terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons represent a major class of retrotransposons, and transposons that move by target-primed reverse transcription lack LTRs ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Jiang J,Zhao L,Yan L,Zhang L,Cao Y,Wang Y,Jiang Y,Yan T,Cao Y

更新日期：2014-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent finding that the formation of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food is very different from that in cultures of pure Staphylococcus aureus sheds new light on, and brings into question, traditional microbial risk assessment methods based on planktonic liquid cultures. In fact, most bacteria in food appear to be...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Schelin J,Wallin-Carlquist N,Cohn MT,Lindqvist R,Barker GC,Rådström P

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. It is caused by the formation of subgingival biofilms on the surface of the tooth. Characteristic bacteria associated with subgingival biofilms are the Gram-negative anaerobes Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Belibasakis GN,Kast JI,Thurnheer T,Akdis CA,Bostanci N

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multi-antibiotic drug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli are becoming a major threat to the standard care of septic patients. Empiric antimicrobial drug regimens to cover likely bacterial pathogens have to be altered in keeping with the spread of MDR pathogens in the health care setting and in the community. Reliab...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Pop-Vicas A,Opal SM

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction between the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. One molecule implicated in the P. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 pr...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Marcos CM,Silva Jde F,Oliveira HC,Assato PA,Singulani Jde L,Lopez AM,Tamayo DP,Hernandez-Ruiz O,McEwen JG,Mendes-Giannini MJ,Fusco-Almeida AM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a zoonotic pathogen that is relatively common throughout the world and may cause life threatening diseases in animals and humans. There are many PCR-based assays in use for the detection of B. anthracis. While most of the developed assays rely on unique markers pr...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Ågren J,Hamidjaja RA,Hansen T,Ruuls R,Thierry S,Vigre H,Janse I,Sundström A,Segerman B,Koene M,Löfström C,Van Rotterdam B,Derzelle S

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) infections are a leading cause of serious infections both in hospitals and the community. The mortality remains high despite potent antimicrobials and modern supportive care. In the last decade invasive GNB have become increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics, and attempts to i...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Cross AS

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus infections are becoming a major global health issue due to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to prevent and control these infections. In order to develop a universal immunization strategy, we constructed a mutant...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Moscoso M,García P,Cabral MP,Rumbo C,Bou G

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a young woman with profound anemia whose serum iron studies were incongruous with what we expected from iron deficiency anemia. Her high serum iron was not fully explainable until we examined the patient and noticed a large black tattoo on her left flank area. Apparently iron oxide in the ink used for the ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Fircanis S,Shields R,Castillo J,Mega A,Schiffman F

更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reports show that more than 20 million infants world-wide are born prematurely with 95% of all pre-term births occurring in developing countries. Oral colonization of gram-negative anaerobes has been implicated as a risk factor for preterm delivery of low birth weight infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This stu...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Africa C,Kayitenkore J,Bayingana C

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodegenerative human CJD and sheep scrapie are diseases caused by several different transmissible encephalopathy (TSE) agents. These infectious agents provoke innate immune responses in the brain, including late-onset abnormal prion protein (PrP-res) amyloid. Agent particles that lack detectable PrP sequences by de...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Botsios S,Tittman S,Manuelidis L

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In immune-competent hosts, adenoviruses (Ads) are mild pathogens that cause mainly infections of the respiratory and ocular tracks. The advent of Ad-based gene transfer vectors made the understanding of their interaction with the host cellular machinery an intensive field of research over the last decade. As studies f...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Henaff D,Salinas S

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retrotransposons constitute a major part of the genome in a number of eukaryotes. Long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are one type of the retrotransposons. Candida albicans have 34 distinct LTR-retrotransposon families. They respectively belong to the Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy groups which have been extensively ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Zhang L,Yan L,Jiang J,Wang Y,Jiang Y,Yan T,Cao Y

更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoplasmas persist in the host for a long time, suggesting that they possess mechanisms for immune evasion. Factor H is a negative regulator of the complement system, which binds to host cells to avoid unexpected complement activation. In this study, we revealed that many mycoplasmas, such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Yu Y,Wang J,Han R,Wang L,Zhang L,Zhang AY,Xin J,Li S,Zeng Y,Shao G,Feng Z,Xiong Q

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00