Abstract:
:Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a zoonotic pathogen that is relatively common throughout the world and may cause life threatening diseases in animals and humans. There are many PCR-based assays in use for the detection of B. anthracis. While most of the developed assays rely on unique markers present on virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, relatively few assays incorporate chromosomal DNA markers due to the close relatedness of B. anthracis to the B. cereus group strains. For the detection of chromosomal DNA, different genes have been used, such as BA813, rpoB, gyrA, plcR, S-layer, and prophage-lambda. Following a review of the literature, an in silico analysis of all signature sequences reported for identification of B. anthracis was conducted. Published primer and probe sequences were compared for specificity against 134 available Bacillus spp. genomes. Although many of the chromosomal targets evaluated are claimed to be specific to B. anthracis, cross-reactions with closely related B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains were often observed. Of the 35 investigated PCR assays, only 4 were 100% specific for the B. anthracis chromosome. An interlaboratory ring trial among five European laboratories was then performed to evaluate six assays, including the WHO recommended procedures, using a collection of 90 Bacillus strains. Three assays performed adequately, yielding no false positive or negative results. All three assays target chromosomal markers located within the lambdaBa03 prophage region (PL3, BA5345, and BA5357). Detection limit was further assessed for one of these highly specific assays.
journal_name
Virulencejournal_title
Virulenceauthors
Ågren J,Hamidjaja RA,Hansen T,Ruuls R,Thierry S,Vigre H,Janse I,Sundström A,Segerman B,Koene M,Löfström C,Van Rotterdam B,Derzelle Sdoi
10.4161/viru.26288subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-15 00:00:00pages
671-85issue
8eissn
2150-5594issn
2150-5608pii
26288journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Virulence文献大全abstract::Maternal antibodies induced by vaccination during pregnancy cross the placental barrier and can close the susceptibility gap to pertussis in young infants up to the start of primary immunization. As not only the quantity but also the quality of circulating antibodies is important for protection, we assessed whether ma...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2017.1296998
更新日期:2017-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Retrotransposons constitute a major part of the genome in a number of eukaryotes. Long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are one type of the retrotransposons. Candida albicans have 34 distinct LTR-retrotransposon families. They respectively belong to the Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy groups which have been extensively ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.32180
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria interact with their host through protein secretion systems and surface structures. Pathogenic bacteria encode protein secretion systems that promote the invasion of the host's tissue, the evasion of the host's immune response, the thwarting microbial competitors, and ultimately survival within the host. For m...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1080/21505594.2017.1421829
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial pathogenicity deeply depends on the ability to secrete virulence factors that bind specific targets on host cells and manipulate host responses. The Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is a human foodborne pathogen that remains a serious public health concern. To transport proteins across its cell...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1244589
更新日期:2017-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria requires new therapies for combating bacterial infections. Targeting the biogenesis of virulence factors could be an alternative strategy instead of killing bacteria with antibiotics. The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as a physical barrier. At...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1278333
更新日期:2017-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Particle size dictates where aerosolized pathogens deposit in the respiratory tract, thereafter the pathogens potential to cause disease is influenced by tissue tropism, clearance kinetics and the host immunological response. This interplay brings pathogens into contact with a range of tissues spanning the respiratory...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.27172
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila is the primary respiratory pathogen and mostly transmitted to human through water cooling systems and cause mild to severe pneumonia with high mortality rate especially in elderly both in hospitals and community. However, current Legionella risk assessments may be compromised by uncertainties in...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1170944
更新日期:2016-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Novel approaches to treat carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections are urgently needed and anti-virulence drugs represent promising alternatives, but our knowledge on potential targets is scarce. We searched for potential A. baumannii virulence factors by whole-genome sequencing-based comparisons...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1855912
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have found that abnormalities in the proportion and differentiation of CD4+ T cells (Th cells) are closely related to the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis (VMC). Our previous research indicates that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) attenuates the inflammatory response of VMC and downregula...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2018.1482179
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroquine (CQ) was the best and most heavily used drug in the fight against malaria. However, the effectiveness of CQ has declined with the emergence and spread of CQ-resistant (CQR) Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The primary determinant of CQ resistance in P. falciparum is mutations in the parasite's 'chloroquine...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.1.4.12012
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral infections of the respiratory tract can be complicated by bacterial superinfection, resulting in a significantly longer duration of illness and even a fatal outcome. In this review, we focused on interactions between S. aureus and non-influenza viruses. Clinical data evidenced that rhinovirus infection may incre...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21505594.2018.1504561
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exploration of epidemic dynamics on dynamically evolving ("adaptive") networks poses nontrivial challenges to the modeler, such as the determination of a small number of informative statistics of the detailed network state (that is, a few "good observables") that usefully summarize the overall (macroscopic, system...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1121357
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daptomycin resistance (DAP(R)) in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with mutations in genes that are also implicated in staphylococcal pathogenesis. Using a laboratory-derived series of DAP exposed strains, we showed a relationship between increasing DAP MIC and reduced virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection m...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1011532
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes phenotypical changes during host infection in order to promote persistence and survival. Studies have demonstrated that such adaptations require alterations in gene transcription networks by distinct mechanisms. Drugs such as the histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) Sodium Butyrate...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1038014
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In immune-competent hosts, adenoviruses (Ads) are mild pathogens that cause mainly infections of the respiratory and ocular tracks. The advent of Ad-based gene transfer vectors made the understanding of their interaction with the host cellular machinery an intensive field of research over the last decade. As studies f...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.1.3.11379
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Gram-negative enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis possesses a number of regulatory systems that detect cell envelope damage caused by noxious extracytoplasmic stresses. The CpxA sensor kinase and CpxR response regulator two-component regulatory system is one such pathway. Active Cpx signalling upregulates v...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2018.1556151
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthrax toxins and capsule are the major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis. They are encoded by genes located on the plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, respectively. The vaccine strain Pasteur II was produced from high temperature subcultures of B. anthracis, which resulted in virulence attenuation through the loss of the ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1164366
更新日期:2016-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. One molecule implicated in the P. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 pr...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1122166
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B Streptococcus (GBS), infects diverse hosts including humans and economically important species such as cattle and fishes. In the context of human health, GBS is a major cause of neonatal infections and an emerging cause of invasive disease in adults and of foodborne disease in Sout...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2019.1631660
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth or honeycomb moth) has been introduced as an alternative model to study microbial infections. G. mellonella larvae can be easily and inexpensively obtained in large numbers and are simple to use as they don't require special lab equipment. There are no ethical constraints and thei...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1135289
更新日期:2016-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we examined prolonged infection after antigenic co-stimulation by inoculation of the fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi at two different sites in three mouse strains (BALB/c, Swiss, and C57BL/6). Using this murine model of infection, we showed that antigen induction of infection at more than one site led ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.1.1.9920
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quorum-sensing (QS), the regulation of bacterial gene expression in response to changes in cell density, involves pathways that synthesize signaling molecules (auto-inducers). The luxS/AI-2-mediated QS system has been identified in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agen...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.1.2.10752
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus neoformans: (H99W) was serially passaged in the invertebrate wax moth Galleria mellonella fifteen times to study how fungal virulence evolves under selection and whether those adaptations affect virulence. The G. mellonella passaged strain (P15) and the pre-passage H99W strains were used to infect three d...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1831332
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of abundant mobile genetic elements called retrotransposons reverse transcribe RNA to generate DNA for insertion into eukaryotic genomes. Non-long-terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons represent a major class of retrotransposons, and transposons that move by target-primed reverse transcription lack LTRs ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.27278
更新日期:2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::We recently developed a method that allows fast differentiation between Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) strains. The method named phage profiling (PP) is based on a simple assumption that a regular PCR reaction with Taq polymerase and relatively short elongation time is not able to yield long DNA fragment, such as ~40-50...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.21887
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial IgA1 proteases are thought to be important virulence factors in respiratory tract infections. These proteolytic enzymes specifically cleave one of several post-proline peptide bonds within the hinge region of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). Human IgA1 was cleaved with an IgA1 protease purified from an isolat...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.2.2.15401
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We described an association between a strain of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, i.e. KT0001, and the bacteria Serratia sp. SCBI (South African Caenorhabditis briggsae isolate), which was able to kill the insect Galleria. Here we show that the Serratia sp. SCBI lines the gut of the nematode, similar to the Hetero...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.2.2.15337
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative human CJD and sheep scrapie are diseases caused by several different transmissible encephalopathy (TSE) agents. These infectious agents provoke innate immune responses in the brain, including late-onset abnormal prion protein (PrP-res) amyloid. Agent particles that lack detectable PrP sequences by de...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1098804
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. It is caused by the formation of subgingival biofilms on the surface of the tooth. Characteristic bacteria associated with subgingival biofilms are the Gram-negative anaerobes Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1081731
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing intestinal murine pathogen which shares similar virulence strategies with the human pathogens enteropathogenic- and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli to infect their host. C. rodentium is spontaneously cleared by healthy wild-type (WT) mice whereas mice lacking Muc2 ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2019.1635417
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00