Inhalation pressure distributions for medical gas mixtures calculated in an infant airway morphology model.

Abstract:

:A numerical pressure loss model previously used for adult human airways has been modified to simulate the inhalation pressure distribution in a healthy 9-month-old infant lung morphology model. Pressure distributions are calculated for air as well as helium and xenon mixtures with oxygen to investigate the effects of gas density and viscosity variations for this age group. The results indicate that there are significant pressure losses in infant extrathoracic airways due to inertial effects leading to much higher pressures to drive nominal flows in the infant airway model than for an adult airway model. For example, the pressure drop through the nasopharynx model of the infant is much greater than that for the nasopharynx model of the adult; that is, for the adult-versus-child the pressure differences are 0.08 cm H2O versus 0.4 cm H2O, 0.16 cm H2O versus 1.9 cm H2O and 0.4 cm H2O versus 7.7 cm H2O, breathing helium-oxygen (78/22%), nitrogen-oxygen (78/22%) and xenon-oxygen (60/40%), respectively. Within the healthy lung, viscous losses are of the same order for the three gas mixtures, so the differences in pressure distribution are relatively small.

authors

Gouinaud L,Katz I,Martin A,Hazebroucq J,Texereau J,Caillibotte G

doi

10.1080/10255842.2014.903932

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-01-01 00:00:00

pages

1358-66

issue

12

eissn

1025-5842

issn

1476-8259

journal_volume

18

pub_type

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