CD28 activation pathway regulates the production of multiple T-cell-derived lymphokines/cytokines.

abstract：:Resistance to cobalt, zinc, and cadmium specified by the czc determinant on plasmid pMOL30 in Alcaligenes eutrophus results from a cation efflux system. Five membrane-bound polypeptides that were expressed in Escherichia coli from this determinant under the control of a phage T7 promoter were assigned to four open rea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nies DH,Nies A,Chu L,Silver S

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gaseous molecular ions containing argon and perchlorethylene, Ar(n)(C(2)Cl(4))(m) (+) in which n >/= 1-29 and m >/= 1-4, are produced by electron bombardment of van der Waals clusters formed by expanding an Ar/C(2)Cl(4) mixture through a supersonic nozzle. Previous attempts to observe such ions in a high-pressure mass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Buelow SJ,Worsnop DR,Herschbach DR

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed single-crystal X-ray study of conformationally flexible sulfonimide-based dendritic molecules with systematically varied molecular architectures was undertaken. Thirteen crystal structures reported in this work include 9 structures of the second-generation dendritic sulfonimides decorated with different ary...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lukin O,Schubert D,Müller CM,Schweizer WB,Gramlich V,Schneider J,Dolgonos G,Shivanyuk A

更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Most, if not all, peptide- and protein-based hydrogels formed by self-assembly can be characterized as kinetically trapped 3D networks of fibrils. The propensity of disease-associated amyloid-forming peptides and proteins to assemble into polymorphic fibrils suggests that cross-β fibrils comprising hydrogels may also ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagy-Smith K,Moore E,Schneider J,Tycko R

更新日期：2015-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) retrovirus is regulated by binding the viral Tat protein (trans-acting transcriptional activator) to the trans-activation response (TAR) RNA sequence. Here, vacuum UV circular dichroism (VUV-CD) is used to study the structure of TAR and its complex with ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loret EP,Georgel P,Johnson WC Jr,Ho PS

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An expression for the equilibrium of the mean phenotypic value of a quantitative character is derived for a model in which the fitness of an individual depends on its own phenotype and the mean phenotypic value of a group of related individuals. When selection is weak the equilibrium mean is well predicted by Hamilton...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boyd R,Richerson PJ

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paleogenetics is an emerging field that resurrects ancestral proteins from now-extinct organisms to test, in the laboratory, models of protein function based on natural history and Darwinian evolution. Here, we resurrect digestive alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH4) from our primate ancestors to explore the history of prima...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carrigan MA,Uryasev O,Frye CB,Eckman BL,Myers CR,Hurley TD,Benner SA

更新日期：2015-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons respond to sensory stimuli associated with future rewards. When reward is delivered probabilistically, DA neurons reflect this uncertainty by increasing their firing rates in a period between the sensory cue and reward delivery time. Probability of reward, however, has been externally co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Lafuente V,Romo R

更新日期：2011-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The Abeta peptide of Alzheimer disease is derived from the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor proteins (APP), which are considered type I transmembrane glycoproteins. Recently, however, soluble forms of full-length APP were also detected in several systems including chromaffin granules. In this report we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Efthimiopoulos S,Vassilacopoulou D,Ripellino JA,Tezapsidis N,Robakis NK

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs selective for inhibition of COX-2 increase heart failure and elevate blood pressure. The COX-2 gene was floxed and crossed into merCremer mice under the alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter. Tamoxifen induced selective deletion of COX-2 in cardiomyocytes depressed cardiac output, and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang D,Patel VV,Ricciotti E,Zhou R,Levin MD,Gao E,Yu Z,Ferrari VA,Lu MM,Xu J,Zhang H,Hui Y,Cheng Y,Petrenko N,Yu Y,FitzGerald GA

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic has played a key medicinal role against a variety of ailments for several millennia, but during the past century its prominence has been displaced by modern therapeutics. Recently, attention has been drawn to arsenic by its dramatic clinical efficacy against acute promyelocytic leukemia. Although toxic reactiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chou WC,Jie C,Kenedy AA,Jones RJ,Trush MA,Dang CV

更新日期：2004-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Many thylakoid lumen proteins are synthesized outside the chloroplast as larger molecular weight precursors and then processed to their mature size during transport to the lumenal space. We have examined the post-translational processing of thylakoid lumen proteins in vivo by pulse-radiolabeling experiments with Chlam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Howe G,Merchant S

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Raf family includes three members, of which B-Raf is frequently mutated in melanoma and other tumors. We show that Raf-1 and A-Raf require Hsp90 for stability, whereas B-Raf does not. In contrast, mutated, activated B-Raf binds to an Hsp90-cdc37 complex, which is required for its stability and function. Exposure o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grbovic OM,Basso AD,Sawai A,Ye Q,Friedlander P,Solit D,Rosen N

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal specificity in retinal ganglion cells of Xenopus subserves the orderly connections of the optic nerve fibers in the tectum. This specificity derives from positional information acquired by the developing retina at embryonic stages 28-31. Here we report that ganglion cells of embryonic stage 28 eyes can acquir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hunt RK,Jacobson M

更新日期：1972-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase from Bacillus macerans (wtGLU) and the 1, 4-beta-xylanase from Bacillus subtilis (wtXYN) are both single-domain jellyroll proteins catalyzing similar enzymatic reactions. In the fusion protein GluXyn-1, the two proteins are joined by insertion of the entire XYN domain into a surface loop of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aÿ J,Götz F,Borriss R,Heinemann U

更新日期：1998-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting and innervation of the cerebral cortex by thalamic afferents is a key event in the specification of cortical areas. The molecular targets of thalamic regulation, however, have remained elusive. We now demonstrate that thalamic afferents regulate the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) recept...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paysan J,Kossel A,Bolz J,Fritschy JM

更新日期：1997-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychopathy is associated with persistent antisocial behavior and a striking lack of regret for the consequences of that behavior. Although explanatory models for psychopathy have largely focused on deficits in affective responsiveness, recent work indicates that aberrant value-based decision making may also play a ro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baskin-Sommers A,Stuppy-Sullivan AM,Buckholtz JW

更新日期：2016-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutations recovered at the fitness-1 (fit1) locus in mouse chromosome 7 cause hematopoietic abnormalities, growth retardation, and shortened life span, with varying severity of the defects in different alleles. Abnormal iron distribution and metabolism and frequent scolios...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klebig ML,Wall MD,Potter MD,Rowe EL,Carpenter DA,Rinchik EM

更新日期：2003-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenetic processes that facilitate the entry, replication, and persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the mammalian host likely include the regulated expression of specific sets of genes at different stages of infection. Identification of genes that are differentially expressed in vivo would provide in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Timm J,Post FA,Bekker LG,Walther GB,Wainwright HC,Manganelli R,Chan WT,Tsenova L,Gold B,Smith I,Kaplan G,McKinney JD

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple resistance and pH adaptation (Mrp) complexes are sophisticated cation/proton exchangers found in a vast variety of alkaliphilic and/or halophilic microorganisms, and are critical for their survival in highly challenging environments. This family of antiporters is likely to represent the ancestor of cation pum...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li B,Zhang K,Nie Y,Wang X,Zhao Y,Zhang XC,Wu XL

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A method to identify 5-methylcytosine (m5Cyt) in DNA immobilized on nitrocellulose paper by using antibody against m5Cyt raised in rabbits is described. Immobilized restriction fragments of DNA are incubated first with purified antibody against m5Cyt and then with goat anti-rabbit IgG labeled with 125I. Restriction fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sano H,Royer HD,Sager R

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological membranes contain an extraordinary diversity of lipids. Phospholipids function as major structural elements of cellular membranes, and analysis of changes in the highly heterogeneous mixtures of lipids found in eukaryotic cells is central to understanding the complex functions in which lipids participate. P...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ivanova PT,Cerda BA,Horn DM,Cohen JS,McLafferty FW,Brown HA

更新日期：2001-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We report that oxytocin (Oxt) receptors (Oxtrs), on stimulation by the ligand Oxt, translocate into the nucleus of osteoblasts, implicating this process in the action of Oxt on osteoblast maturation. Sequential immunocytochemistry of intact cells or isolated nucleoplasts stripped of the outer nuclear membrane showed p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Di Benedetto A,Sun L,Zambonin CG,Tamma R,Nico B,Calvano CD,Colaianni G,Ji Y,Mori G,Grano M,Lu P,Colucci S,Yuen T,New MI,Zallone A,Zaidi M

更新日期：2014-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A cyclic AMP-binding protein (CAP protein), cyclic AMP, and RNA polymerase holoenzyme are shown to initiate lac transcription at the lac promoter. Lac repressor appears to control transcription by preventing RNA polymerase and/or CAP protein from binding to the lac promoter. Results support the idea that the lac promo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eron L,Block R

更新日期：1971-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The paucity of knowledge about cardiomyocyte maturation is a major bottleneck in cardiac regenerative medicine. In development, cardiomyocyte maturation is characterized by orchestrated structural, transcriptional, and functional specializations that occur mainly at the perinatal stage. Sarcomeres are the key cytoskel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo Y,Cao Y,Jardin BD,Sethi I,Ma Q,Moghadaszadeh B,Troiano EC,Mazumdar N,Trembley MA,Small EM,Yuan GC,Beggs AH,Pu WT

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) per relative concentrations of its activators p35 and p25 is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. P35 has a short t½ and undergoes rapid proteasomal degradation in its membrane-bound myristoylated form. P35 is converted by calpain to p25, which, along with an exte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsai SY,Pokrass MJ,Klauer NR,Nohara H,Su TP

更新日期：2015-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The functional groups found among the RNA bases and in the phosphoribose backbone represent a limited repertoire from which to construct a ribozyme active site. This work investigates the possibility that simple RNA phosphodiester and hydroxyl functional groups could catalyze amide bond synthesis. Reaction of amine gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chamberlin SI,Merino EJ,Weeks KM

更新日期：2002-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple-choice examinations play a critical role in university admissions across the world. A key question is whether imposing penalties for wrong answers on these examinations deters guessing from women more than men, disadvantaging female test-takers. We consider data from a large-scale, high-stakes policy change t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coffman KB,Klinowski D

更新日期：2020-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect immunofluorescent analysis revealed that sera from five patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis possessed IgD antibodies directed against measles virus components in persistently infected HeLa cells. IgD levels in these sera were within the normal range. Control studies indicated that the reaction w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luster MI,Armen RC,Hallum JV,Leslie GA

更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two mutations are described that alter the pattern of inheritance of chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas. The mutant gene mat-1 linked to the mating type allele mt(-) greatly increases the frequency of exceptional zygotes, i.e., zygotes that transmit chloroplast genes from the mt(-) (male) parent. In some crosses, 80-9...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sager R,Ramanis Z

更新日期：1974-12-01 00:00:00