Abstract:
:Targeting and innervation of the cerebral cortex by thalamic afferents is a key event in the specification of cortical areas. The molecular targets of thalamic regulation, however, have remained elusive. We now demonstrate that thalamic afferents regulate the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in developing rat neocortex, leading to the area-specific expression of receptor subtypes in the primary visual (V1) and somatosensory (S1) areas. Most strikingly, the alpha1- and alpha5-GABAA receptors exhibited a reciprocal expression pattern, which precisely reflected the distribution of thalamocortical afferents at postnatal day 7. Following unilateral lesions at the birth of the thalamic nuclei innervating V1 and S1 (lateral geniculate nucleus and ventrobasal complex, respectively), profound changes in subunit expression were detected 1 week later in the deprived cortical territories (layers III-IV of V1 and S1). The expression of the alpha1 subunit was strongly down-regulated in these layers to a level comparable to that in neighboring areas. Conversely, the alpha5 subunit was up-regulated and areal boundaries were no longer discernible in the lesioned hemisphere. Changes similar to the alpha5 subunit were also seen for the alpha2 and alpha3 subunits. These results indicate that the differential expression of GABAA receptor subtypes in developing neocortex is dependent on thalamic innervation, contributing to the emergence of functionally distinct areas.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Paysan J,Kossel A,Bolz J,Fritschy JMdoi
10.1073/pnas.94.13.6995subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-06-24 00:00:00pages
6995-7000issue
13eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A panel of rat monoclonal antibodies was used to classify mouse mast cells from four different sources on the basis of their surface determinants. Three populations of mast cells were derived by culturing normal bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood cells, whereas the fourth population was isolated directly from t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.19.5916
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive flexibility depends on a fast neural learning mechanism for enhancing momentary relevant over irrelevant information. A possible neural mechanism realizing this enhancement uses fast spiking interneurons (FSIs) in the striatum to train striatal projection neurons to gate relevant and suppress distracting cor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2001348117
更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::The role of endocytosis in the control of EGF receptor (EGFR) activation and cell signaling was explored by using mouse fibroblasts in which dynamin was conditionally depleted. Dynamin is a GTPase shown to play an important role in the control clathrin mediated endocytosis of EGFR and other cell surface receptors. In ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1200164109
更新日期:2012-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::The N-terminal 392 amino acids of the Drosophila kinesin alpha subunit (designated DKH392) form a dimer in solution that releases only one of its two tightly bound ADP molecules on association with a microtubule, whereas a shorter monomeric construct (designated DKH340) releases > or = 95% of its one bound ADP on asso...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6865
更新日期:1994-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Global warming is expected to lead to a large increase in atmospheric water vapor content and to changes in the hydrological cycle, which include an intensification of precipitation extremes. The intensity of precipitation extremes is widely held to increase proportionately to the increase in atmospheric water vapor c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907610106
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Economic experiments are often used to study if humans altruistically value the welfare of others. A canonical result from public-good games is that humans vary in how they value the welfare of others, dividing into fair-minded conditional cooperators, who match the cooperation of others, and selfish noncooperators. H...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1509740113
更新日期:2016-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::An equation for the bond angles OC-M-CO for tetracarbonyl groups in which the transition metal atom M is enneacovalent, derived from the simple theory of hybrid sp(3)d(5) bond orbitals, is tested by comparison of the calculated values of the angles with the experimental values reported for many compounds containing M(...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.2.569
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies may bind to bacterial pathogens or their toxins to control infections, and their effector activity is mediated through the recruitment of complement component C1q or the engagement with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). For bacterial pathogens that rely on a single toxin to cause disease, immunity correlates with toxi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2003621117
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Generation of nanomechanical cantilever motion from biomolecular interactions can have wide applications, ranging from high-throughput biomolecular detection to bioactuation. Although it has been suggested that such motion is caused by changes in surface stress of a cantilever beam, the origin of the surface-stress ch...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.031362498
更新日期:2001-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear exosome-targeting (NEXT) complex functions as an RNA exosome cofactor and is involved in surveillance and turnover of aberrant transcripts and noncoding RNAs. NEXT is a ternary complex composed of the RNA-binding protein RBM7, the scaffold zinc-knuckle protein ZCCHC8, and the helicase MTR4. While RNA inter...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1803530115
更新日期:2018-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Innate immunity can facilitate nervous system regeneration, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial cell wall component, or the fungal cell wall extract zymosan both lead to rapid and comparable intra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1423221112
更新日期:2015-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Species expanding into new habitats as a result of climate change or human introductions will frequently encounter resident competitors. Theoretical models suggest that such interspecific competition can alter the speed of expansion and the shape of expanding range boundaries. However, competitive interactions are rar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2009701117
更新日期:2020-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key modulators of immune tolerance, capable of suppressing inflammatory immune responses and promoting nonlymphoid tissue homeostasis. Helios, a transcription factor (TF) that is selectively expressed by Tregs, has been shown to be essential for the maintenance of Treg lineage stability ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720447115
更新日期:2018-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied a naturally occurring small-molecule antimitotic called diazonamide A. Diazonamide A is highly effective at blocking spindle assembly in mammalian cell culture and does so through a unique mechanism. A biotinylated form of diazonamide A affinity purifies ornithine delta-amino transferase (OAT), a mitoc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0610832104
更新日期:2007-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The matrix-2 (M2) protein from influenza A virus is a tetrameric, integral transmembrane (TM) protein that plays a vital role in viral replication by proton flux into the virus. The His37 tetrad is a pH sensor in the center of the M2 TM helix that activates the channel in response to the low endosomal pH. M2 consists ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1913385117
更新日期:2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::In Drosophila, multiple isoforms of alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (sn-glycerol-3-phosphate: NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.8) are produced in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. To understand the underlying molecular basis of these isoforms, we have sequenced a 5.8-kilobase region of the Drosophila genome...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.13.5020
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously identified and purified a cell surface glycoprotein from retina and brain, called neural cell adhesion molecule or N-CAM, that appears to be involved in neural cell--cell adhesion, the fasciculation of neurites, and the formation of normal tissue patterns in the retina. The present studies reveal th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.2.685
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major apolipoprotein in human high density lipoproteins, is involved in the disease atherosclerosis. Cloned apo A-I cDNA (pA1-3) was used as a probe in chromosome mapping studies to detect the human apo A-I structural gene sequence in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. Southern blot ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.2.508
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superhydrophobic surfaces display water contact angles greater than 150 degrees in conjunction with low contact angle hysteresis. Microscopic pockets of air trapped beneath the water droplets placed on these surfaces lead to a composite solid-liquid-air interface in thermodynamic equilibrium. Previous experimental and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804872105
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::The adult repertoire of antibody specificities is acquired in a developmentally programmed fashion that, in mouse and man, parallels the ordered rearrangement of a limited number of germ-line heavy chain variable region (VH) gene segments during development. It has been hypothesized that this developmental bias is a c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10430
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Energetics of resting and evoked fMRI signals were related to localized ensemble firing rates (nu) measured by electrophysiology in rats. Two different unstimulated, or baseline, states were established by anesthesia. Halothane and alpha-chloralose established baseline states of high and low energy, respectively, in w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709515104
更新日期:2007-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::The histidine periplasmic permease of Salmonella typhimurium has been partially purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. In this in vitro preparation, transport activity is completely dependent on the presence of all four permease proteins (HisJ, HisQ, HisM, and HisP) and on internal ATP. The reconstituted sys...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.6953
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small-component origins of herpes simplex virus 1 DNA synthesis are transcribed late in infection by an RNA with heterogeneous initiation sites approximately 290-360 base pairs from the origins. We report that cellular proteins react with a labeled RNA probe representing the 5' terminus of a subset of this RNA but...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.17.6518
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The broad negative consequences of habitat degradation on biodiversity have been studied, but the complex effects of natural-agricultural landscape matrices remain poorly understood. Here we used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to detect changes in mammal resource and habitat use and trophic structure between pres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1904384116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::This study challenges the paradigm that salt marsh plants prevent lateral wave-induced erosion along wetland edges by binding soil with live roots and clarifies the role of vegetation in protecting the coast. In both laboratory flume studies and controlled field experiments, we show that common salt marsh plants do no...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901297106
更新日期:2009-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Conjugation of drugs with antibodies to surface endothelial antigens is a potential strategy for drug delivery to endothelium. We studied antibodies to platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1, a stably expressed endothelial antigen) as carriers for vascular immunotargeting. Although 125I-labeled anti-PECAM b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2379
更新日期:1999-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Biological carbon fixation is limited by the supply of Fe in vast regions of the global ocean. Dissolved Fe in seawater is primarily sourced from continental mineral dust, submarine hydrothermalism, and sediment dissolution along continental margins. However, the relative contributions of these three sources to the Fe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1420188112
更新日期:2015-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) plays a major role in the cellular response to amino acid limitation. Although maintenance of amino acid homeostasis is critical for tumor growth, the contribution of GCN2 to cancer cell survival and proliferation is poorly understood. In this study, we generated GCN2 inhibito...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1805523115
更新日期:2018-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms by which macrophages discriminate between "mature-self" and "senescent-self" were investigated using the human red blood cell (RBC) system as a model. Conditions simulating those encountered in situ were adhered to as closely as possible by using short term culture techniques and incubating with autologous ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.9.3521
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular mechanism of tolerance to opiate drugs is poorly understood. We have used single-channel patch-clamp recordings to study opiate receptor effects on dissociated neurons from rat amygdala, a limbic region implicated in addiction processes. A 130-pS inwardly rectifying K(+)-preferring cation channel was act...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14692
更新日期:2000-12-19 00:00:00