Hominids adapted to metabolize ethanol long before human-directed fermentation.

abstract：:We prepared a stable cell line expressing the glucagon receptor to characterize the effect of G(s)-coupled receptor stimulation on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity. Glucagon treatment of the cell line caused a dose-dependent increase in cAMP concentration, activation of cAMP-dependen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang Y,Cypess AM,Muse ED,Wu CR,Unson CG,Merrifield RB,Sakmar TP

更新日期：2001-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Annealed metals are surprisingly difficult to cut, involving high forces and an unusually thick "chip." This anomaly has long been explained, based on ex situ observations, using a model of smooth plastic flow with uniform shear to describe material removal by chip formation. Here we show that this phenomenon is actua...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeung H,Viswanathan K,Compton WD,Chandrasekar S

更新日期：2015-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The recognition of carrier proteins by multiple catalytic partners occurs in every cycle of chain elongation in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and of the pharmacologically important polyketide and nonribosomal peptide natural products. To dissect the features of carrier proteins that determine specific recognition at...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou Z,Lai JR,Walsh CT

更新日期：2007-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine how presentations of organ donation cases in the media may affect people's willingness to sign organ donation commitment cards, donate the organs of a deceased relative, support the transition to an "opt-out" policy, or donate a kidney while alive. We found that providing identifying information about the p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harel I,Kogut T,Pinchas M,Slovic P

更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The anti-hapten responses to the dinitrophenyl (Dnp) conjugate of the random linear terpolymers poly(L-Glu,LLys,LPhe), GLphi, or poly(LGlu,LLys,LAla), GLA, are of highly restricted heterogeneity. Thus, individual mice of most responder strains express an average of two to four anti-Dnp clones to Dnp-GLphi or Dnp-GLA, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kipps TJ,Benacerraf B,Dorf ME

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Figure-ground discrimination refers to the perception of an object, the figure, against a nondescript background. Neural mechanisms of figure-ground detection have been associated with feedback interactions between higher centers and primary visual cortex and have been held to index the effect of global analysis on lo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones HE,Andolina IM,Shipp SD,Adams DL,Cudeiro J,Salt TE,Sillito AM

更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In an earlier report, evidence was presented that the down-regulation of beta-actin mRNA during myogenesis was controlled by a region 3' to the promoter of the gene. In this paper we report the location of this regulatory sequence, determined by deletion analysis and the use of chimeric genes, transfected stably into ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DePonti-Zilli L,Seiler-Tuyns A,Paterson BM

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 1H NMR signal from oxymyoglobin, a low-concentration diamagnetic protein, is visible in myocardial tissue. The methyl group of the Val-E11 resonates in a clear spectral region at -2.76 ppm and responds to dynamic changes in cellular oxygenation. With CO, the signal shifts to -2.4 ppm. The Val-E11 peak assignment a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kreutzer U,Wang DS,Jue T

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is a 749-amino acid type II integral membrane protein that has been identified recently as the neutral endopeptidase 24.11 [NEP (EC 3.4.24.11)]. Herein, we characterize the organization of the human CALLA/NEP gene and show that it spans more than 80 kilobases (kb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： D'Adamio L,Shipp MA,Masteller EL,Reinherz EL

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Learning and memory rely on dopamine and downstream cAMP-dependent plasticity across diverse organisms. Despite the central role of cAMP signaling, it is not known how cAMP-dependent plasticity drives coherent changes in neuronal physiology that encode the memory trace, or engram. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Louis T,Stahl A,Boto T,Tomchik SM

更新日期：2018-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoamines, including dopamine (DA), have been linked to aggression in various species. However, the precise role or roles served by the amine in aggression have been difficult to define because dopaminergic systems influence many behaviors, and all can be altered by changing the function of dopaminergic neurons. In t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alekseyenko OV,Chan YB,Li R,Kravitz EA

更新日期：2013-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Fusions with the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase followed by P-element-mediated germ-line transformation in Drosophila have permitted localization of the DNA sequence that confers a high degree of developmental specificity on a pair of silkmoth eggshell (chorion) genes. The short, 272-base-pair, 5...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitsialis SA,Spoerel N,Leviten M,Kafatos FC

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colloidal particles with directional interactions are key in the realization of new colloidal materials with possibly unconventional phase behaviors. Here we exploit DNA self-assembly to produce bulk quantities of "DNA stars" with three or four sticky terminals, mimicking molecules with controlled limited valence. Sol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biffi S,Cerbino R,Bomboi F,Paraboschi EM,Asselta R,Sciortino F,Bellini T

更新日期：2013-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to be synchronized by light-dark cycles is a fundamental property of circadian clocks. Although there are indications that circadian clocks are extremely light-sensitive and that they can be set by the low irradiances that occur at dawn and dusk, this has not been shown on the cellular level. Here, we demo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bachleitner W,Kempinger L,Wülbeck C,Rieger D,Helfrich-Förster C

更新日期：2007-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of the dodecanucleotide d(CGCAAGCTGGCG) has been determined to a resolution of 2.5 A and refined to an R factor of 19.3% for 1710 reflections. The sequence crystallizes as a B-type double helix, with two G(anti).A(syn) base pairs. These are stabilized by three-center hydrogen bonds to pyrimidines...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Webster GD,Sanderson MR,Skelly JV,Neidle S,Swann PF,Li BF,Tickle IJ

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Langerhans cells are a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) found in the human epidermis with unique morphological and molecular properties that enable their function as "sentinels" of the immune system. DCs are pivotal in the initiation and regulation of primary MHC class I restricted T lymphocyte immune responses and are...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： MacAry PA,Lindsay M,Scott MA,Craig JI,Luzio JP,Lehner PJ

更新日期：2001-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA from tumors of Nicotiana glauca initiated by strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was shown to contain sequences that are homologous to the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid of the bacterium. Two independently established tumor lines contained a similar portion of the Ri-plasmid. The Ri-plasmid also hybridized to DNA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： White FF,Ghidossi G,Gordon MP,Nester EW

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A loss-of-function mutation in the APC gene initiates colorectal carcinogenesis. Although the molecular mechanism of tumor initiation is complex, several modifier genes have been identified using mouse models, including the ApcMin mouse. Among the familial adenomatous polyposis mouse lines carrying a truncation mutati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shibata H,Takano H,Ito M,Shioya H,Hirota M,Matsumoto H,Kakudo Y,Ishioka C,Akiyama T,Kanegae Y,Saito I,Noda T

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A 6.1-kilobase insertion into the rudimentary (r) gene was cloned and partially sequenced. The insertion consists of a 703-base-pair (bp) P element next to a 5.4-kilobase single-copy sequence. The normal position of the single-copy sequence is near the tip of the X chromosome. Upon insertion into the r gene, this chim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsubota SI,Huong DV

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial outer membrane porins have a robust beta-barrel structure and therefore show potential for use as stochastic sensors based on single-molecule detection. The monomeric porin OmpG is especially attractive compared with multisubunit proteins because appropriate modifications of the pore can be easily achieved b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen M,Khalid S,Sansom MS,Bayley H

更新日期：2008-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A sensitive test for kinetic unfolding intermediates in ribonuclease A (EC 3.1.27.5) is performed under conditions where the enzyme unfolds slowly (10 degrees C, pH 8.0, 4.5 M guanidinium chloride). Exchange of peptide NH protons (2H-1H) is used to monitor structural opening of individual hydrogen bonds during unfoldi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiefhaber T,Baldwin RL

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of temperature on biological processes are complex. Diffusion is less affected than the diverse enzymatic reactions that have distinct individual temperature profiles. Hence thermal fluctuations pose a formidable challenge to ectothermic organisms in which body temperature is largely dictated by the ambient te...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radermacher PT,Myachina F,Bosshardt F,Pandey R,Mariappa D,Müller HA,Lehner CF

更新日期：2014-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly([14C]adenosine diphosphate ribose) was synthesized from [14C]NAD+ with calf thymus nuclei. The fraction containing poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) eluted with 0.22--0.40 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) from a hydroxylapatite column, was completely hydrolyzed with venom phosphodiesterase, and was separated by DEAE-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miwa M,Saikawa N,Yamaizumi Z,Nishimura S,Sugimura T

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis has been shown to be a significant form of cell loss in many diseases. Detachment of photoreceptors from the retinal pigment epithelium, as seen in various retinal disorders, causes photoreceptor loss and subsequent vision decline. Although caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways are activated after retinal det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trichonas G,Murakami Y,Thanos A,Morizane Y,Kayama M,Debouck CM,Hisatomi T,Miller JW,Vavvas DG

更新日期：2010-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A human collagenase inhibitor (CI) of Mr 28,500 has been extensively characterized in skin fibroblasts and identified in a variety of connective tissues. Because human alveolar macrophages synthesize and secrete both a collagenase and CI that are immunologically and functionally identical to their counterparts in fibr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bar-Shavit Z,Teitelbaum SL,Stricklin GP,Eisen AZ,Kahn AJ,Welgus HG

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using a comprehensive transcriptome analysis, a Z chromosome-linked chicken homolog of hemogen (cHEMGN) was identified and shown to be specifically involved in testis differentiation in early chicken embryos. Hemogen [Hemgn in mice, EDAG (erythroid differentiation-associated gene protein) in humans] was recently chara...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakata T,Ishiguro M,Aduma N,Izumi H,Kuroiwa A

更新日期：2013-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1) hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond at a DNA 3'-end linked to a tyrosyl moiety and has been implicated in the repair of topoisomerase I (Top1)-DNA covalent complexes. TDP1 can also hydrolyze other 3'-end DNA alterations including 3'-phosphoglycolate and 3'-abasic sites, and ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Das BB,Dexheimer TS,Maddali K,Pommier Y

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:New advances in polarized light microscopy were used to image Congo red-stained cerebral amyloidosis in sharp relief. The rotating-polarizer method was used to separate the optical effects of transmission, linear birefringence, extinction, linear dichroism, and orientation of the electric dipole transition moments and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin LW,Claborn KA,Kurimoto M,Geday MA,Maezawa I,Sohraby F,Estrada M,Kaminksy W,Kahr B

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Transitions in dealing with the root causes of environmental problems are advocated to achieve environmental sustainability. These transformations include (i) a demographic transition, (ii) a technology transition that includes the "green" automobile, (iii) an economic transition to one in which prices reflect full en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Speth JG

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The search for ever deeper relationships among the World's languages is bedeviled by the fact that most words evolve too rapidly to preserve evidence of their ancestry beyond 5,000 to 9,000 y. On the other hand, quantitative modeling indicates that some "ultraconserved" words exist that might be used to find evidence ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pagel M,Atkinson QD,S Calude A,Meade A

更新日期：2013-05-21 00:00:00