Abstract:
:We examine how presentations of organ donation cases in the media may affect people's willingness to sign organ donation commitment cards, donate the organs of a deceased relative, support the transition to an "opt-out" policy, or donate a kidney while alive. We found that providing identifying information about the prospective recipient (whose life was saved by the donation) increased the participants' willingness to commit to organ donation themselves, donate the organs of a deceased relative, or support a transition to an "opt-out" policy. Conversely, identifying the deceased donor tended to induce thoughts of death rather than about saving lives, resulting in fewer participants willing to donate organs or support measures that facilitated organ donation. A study of online news revealed that identification of the donor is significantly more common than identification of the recipient in the coverage of organ donation cases-with possibly adverse effects on the incidence of organ donations.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Harel I,Kogut T,Pinchas M,Slovic Pdoi
10.1073/pnas.1703020114subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-16 00:00:00pages
5159-5164issue
20eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1703020114journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The addition of 10 mM glycine to a physiological saline bathing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is followed by a slow increase in cell volume that plateaus between 15 and 30 min at a level approximately equal to 17% greater than the control volume; this increase is not observed when glycine is added to cells suspended in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.1.279
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::TP53 (p53) is a tumor suppressor whose functions are lost or altered in most malignancies. p53 homozygous knockout (p53-/-) mice uniformly die of spontaneous malignancy, typically T-cell lymphoma. RALBP1 (RLIP76, Rlip) is a stress-protective, mercapturic acid pathway transporter protein that also functions as a Ral ef...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1719586115
更新日期:2018-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Controls of stem cell maintenance and early differentiation are known in several systems. However, the progression from stem cell self-renewal to overt signs of early differentiation is a poorly understood but important problem in stem cell biology. The Caenorhabditis elegans germ line provides a genetically defined m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912704107
更新日期:2010-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant spreading of cancer cells requires cell surface proteases that cleave the crosslinked collagenous matrix of connective tissues. From correlating the morphologically defined invasiveness of tumor cells with the presence of specific membrane-associated proteases, we have identified a malignant human melanoma c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8296
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear envelope is a unique topological structure formed by lipid membranes in eukaryotic cells. Unlike other membrane structures, the nuclear envelope comprises two concentric membrane shells fused at numerous sites with toroid-shaped pores that impart a "geometric" genus on the order of thousands. Despite the i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1604777113
更新日期:2016-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::The Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are two of the most fragmented biodiversity hotspots. Species-area relationships predict that their habitat fragments will experience a substantial loss of species. Most of these extinctions will occur over an extended time, and therefore, reconne...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705834114
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abstract::We have investigated the frequency of p53 mutations in B- and T-cell human lymphoid malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the major subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. p53 exons 5-9 were studied by using genomic DNA from 197 primary tumors and 27 cell lines by single-str...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.12.5413
更新日期:1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Reinstatement of neural activity is hypothesized to underlie our ability to mentally travel back in time to recover the context of a previous experience. We used intracranial recordings to directly examine the precise spatiotemporal extent of neural reinstatement as 32 participants with electrodes placed for seizure m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2014-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::The mRNA for organic anion transport protein (oatp) was previously shown to be present in abundance in liver and kidney, and in small amounts in brain. Data obtained from experiments with reverse transcriptase-PCR techniques and in situ hybridization analysis showed that the oatp mRNA is present within the brain, loca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.94.1.283
更新日期:1997-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Although the binding change mechanism of rotary catalysis by which F1-ATPase hydrolyzes ATP has been supported by equilibrium, kinetic, and structural observations, many questions concerning the function remain unanswered. Because of the importance of this enzyme, the search for a full understanding of its mechanism i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1334188100
更新日期:2003-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::A debate has recently surfaced concerning the degree of precommitment attained by alpha beta and gamma delta T-cell precursors prior to T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement. It has been suggested that precursors may be precommitted to rearrange either alpha or delta genes, but not both, thus giving rise to alpha b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5583
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 26S proteasome, a molecular machine responsible for regulated protein degradation, consists of a proteolytic core particle (20S CP) associated with 19S regulatory particles (19S RPs) subdivided into base and lid subcomplexes. The assembly of 19S RP base subcomplex is mediated by multiple dedicated chaperones. Amon...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1116538109
更新日期:2012-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::We predict by first principles a phase transition in alumina at approximately 3.7 Mbar and room temperature from the CaIrO(3)-type polymorph to another with the U(2)S(3)-type structure. Because alumina is used as window material in shock-wave experiments, this transformation should be important for the analysis of sho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0711925105
更新日期:2008-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Go is a specific class ("other") of signal-transducing heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that is expressed in high levels in mammalian brain. We have cloned two different rat cDNAs encoding the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha-1 and Go alpha-2) and a human Go alpha chromosomal gene. The human Go alpha gene...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.8.2974
更新日期:1991-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neonicotinoid insecticides control crop pests based on their action as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which accepts chloropyridinyl- and chlorothiazolyl-analogs almost equally well. In some cases, these compounds have also been reported to enhance plant vigor and (a)biotic stress tolerance, i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013020107
更新日期:2010-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Metastasis is the primary cause of death in human breast cancer. Metastasis to bone, lungs, liver, and brain involves dissemination of breast cancer cells via the bloodstream and requires adhesion within the vasculature. Blood cell adhesion within the vasculature depends on integrins, a family of transmembrane adhesio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1853
更新日期:2001-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Recent functional imaging studies have revealed coactivation in a distributed network of cortical regions that characterizes the resting state, or default mode, of the human brain. Among the brain regions implicated in this network, several, including the posterior cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobes, have al...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.0308627101
更新日期:2004-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Some realistic galaxy models have been found to support discrete unstable spiral modes. Here, through the study of the relevant physical mechanisms and an extensive numerical investigation of the properties of the dominant modes in a wide class of galactic equilibria, we show how spiral structures are excited with dif...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.79.12.3908
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used for treatment of cancer and other diseases, and a detailed understanding of the mechanism of their action is important for the development of improved microtubule-directed therapies. Although there is a large body of data on the interactions of different MTAs with pu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::We have investigated the effect of the v-Myc oncoprotein on gene expression in myelomonocytic cells. We find that v-Myc dramatically down-regulates the expression of myelomonocytic-specific genes, such as the chicken mim-1 and lysozyme genes, both of which are known targets for C/EBP transcription factors. We present ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6635
更新日期:1996-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::A human beta-globin gene derived from an established human lymphoblast cell line was introduced into murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells by cell fusion. The globin genes in MEL cells are inducible by dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO); induction leads to the accumulation of mouse globin mRNA and hemoglobin. Globin mRNA was not...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.6.3435
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate the roles of the pseudospin and the valley degeneracy in electron scattering at graphene edges. It is found that they are strongly correlated with charge density modulations of short-wavelength oscillations and slowly decaying beat patterns in the electronic density profile. Theoretical analyses using n...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1114548108
更新日期:2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::From endonuclease EcoRI partial libraries of DNAs from mouse embryo and MOPC 141, a gamma 2b-producing myeloma, clones were isolated by using a DNA fragment carrying the gamma 2b constant (C) region gene as a hybridization probe. One clone from MOPC 141 contained a heavy chain variable (V) gene and the C gamma 2b gene...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2138
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The functional capacities of CD8(+) T cells important for virus clearance are influenced by interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs) and CD4(+) T cells during initial selection, subsequent expansion, and development of memory. Recently, investigators have shown that polyfunctional T cells correlate best with ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Salt production and trade is thought to be critical to the development of all states and emergent empires. Until now, however, scientific evidence of early salt production has rarely been presented, and no studies of early Chinese salt production have provided unequivocal proof. Here, we report x-ray fluorescence, x-r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2011-06-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2011-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Unqualified, the statement that approximately 1.3% of the approximately 10,000 presently known bird species have become extinct since A.D. 1500 yields an estimate of approximately 26 extinctions per million species per year (or 26 E/MSY). This is higher than the benchmark rate of approximately 1 E/MSY before human imp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Natively unfolded proteins play key roles in normal and pathological biochemical processes. Despite their importance for function, this category of proteins remains beyond the reach of classical structural biology because of their inherent conformational heterogeneity. We present a description of the intrinsic conform...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506202102
更新日期:2005-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::Polyclonal antibodies reactive with a cleavage site in human proinsulin (HPI) (C-peptide-A-chain junction) have been raised (rabbit, guinea pig) using a synthetic peptide antigen coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These antisera recognize native HPI and des-31,32-HPI equally well but react 20-50 times less well w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6184
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00