Formation of unconventional standing waves at graphene edges by valley mixing and pseudospin rotation.

abstract：:In a primitive chordate model of natural chimerism, one chimeric partner is often eliminated in a process of allogeneic resorption. Here, we identify the cellular framework underlying loss of tolerance to one partner within a natural Botryllus schlosseri chimera. We show that the principal cell type mediating chimeric...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Corey DM,Rosental B,Kowarsky M,Sinha R,Ishizuka KJ,Palmeri KJ,Quake SR,Voskoboynik A,Weissman IL

更新日期：2016-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA of the attenuator region of the histidine operon of Escherichia coli has been transcribed in a purified in vitro system and found to synthesize two major RNA transcripts. The first one, 180 nucleotides long, has been identified as the histidine-specific leader RNA. It contains the coding sequence for the leade...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frunzio R,Bruni CB,Blasi F

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterio-opsin gene was introduced into a "blind" Halobacterium salinarium mutant that (i) lacked all the four retinal proteins [bacteriorhodopsin (BR), halorhodopsin, and sensory rhodopsins (SRs) I and II] and the transducer protein for SRI and (ii) showed neither attractant response to long wavelength light nor ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bibikov SI,Grishanin RN,Kaulen AD,Marwan W,Oesterhelt D,Skulachev VP

更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent cloning of a second member of the nerve growth factor family, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has prompted investigation into the cells that express this factor's mRNA and protein. In the present study, antibodies raised against unique peptide sequences within the porcine BDNF protein detect BDNF-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wetmore C,Cao YH,Pettersson RF,Olson L

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we defined the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARdelta) in metabolic homeostasis by using subtype selective agonists. Analysis of rat L6 myotubes treated with the PPARdelta subtype-selective agonist, GW501516, by the Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays revealed that P...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tanaka T,Yamamoto J,Iwasaki S,Asaba H,Hamura H,Ikeda Y,Watanabe M,Magoori K,Ioka RX,Tachibana K,Watanabe Y,Uchiyama Y,Sumi K,Iguchi H,Ito S,Doi T,Hamakubo T,Naito M,Auwerx J,Yanagisawa M,Kodama T,Sakai J

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Measles still remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Measles virus (MV) vaccines are highly successful, but the mechanism underlying their efficacy has been unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the MV attachment protein, hemagglutinin, responsible for MV entry. The receptor-b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hashiguchi T,Kajikawa M,Maita N,Takeda M,Kuroki K,Sasaki K,Kohda D,Yanagi Y,Maenaka K

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In typical force spectroscopy experiments, a small biomolecule is attached to a soft polymer linker that is pulled with a relatively large bead or cantilever. At constant force, the total extension stochastically changes between two (or more) values, indicating that the biomolecule undergoes transitions between two (o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cossio P,Hummer G,Szabo A

更新日期：2015-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast genome becomes unstable during stress, which often results in adaptive aneuploidy, allowing rapid activation of protective mechanisms that restore cellular homeostasis. In this study, we performed a genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify genome adaptations that confer resistance to tunicamyci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beaupere C,Dinatto L,Wasko BM,Chen RB,VanValkenburg L,Kiflezghi MG,Lee MB,Promislow DEL,Dang W,Kaeberlein M,Labunskyy VM

更新日期：2018-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomes exhibit diverse patterns of species-specific GC content, GC and AT skews, codon bias, and mutation bias. Despite intensive investigations and the rapid accumulation of sequence data, the causes of these a priori different genome biases have not been agreed on and seem multifactorial and idiosyncratic. We show ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vetsigian K,Goldenfeld N

更新日期：2009-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Swiftlets are small insectivorous birds, many of which nest in caves and are known to echolocate. Due to a lack of distinguishing morphological characters, the taxonomy of swiftlets is primarily based on the presence or absence of echolocating ability, together with nest characters. To test the reliability of these be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee PL,Clayton DH,Griffiths R,Page RD

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Unit-resolution mass spectra have been obtained for peptides as large as 17 kDa, providing information on impurities and adduct ions, as well as accurate molecular weight values. Electrospray ionization produces many multiply-charged species of the same mass; isotopic peak resolution provides direct charge state assig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loo JA,Quinn JP,Ryu SI,Henry KD,Senko MW,McLafferty FW

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence based on a study of alanine-resistant (Alar), constitutive mutants of CHO-K1 cells and the conditions that favor stimulation of the A system of amino acid activity supports the model that the A system of amino acid transport in these cells is repressible and under negative control of regulatory gene R1. In th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moffett J,Périer F,Jones M,Englesberg E

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We synthesized a series of octapeptide analogs of somatostatin, containing N-terminal tryptophan or another amino acid followed by the hexapeptide sequences Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys or Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys and a C-terminal threoninamide or tryptophanamide. After purification by HPLC, the inhibitory activities of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cai RZ,Karashima T,Guoth J,Szoke B,Olsen D,Schally AV

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleoside triphosphates ATP, GTP, TTP, and CTP induce conformational changes in histone IV at concentrations that are of the same magnitude as the histone concentration. The purine nucleoside triphosphates are much more effective than the pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wickett R,Isenberg I

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a motility mechanism that may result in the displacement of objects within the cell. The mechanism, which we call polymer-guided diffusion, involves a microscopic cycle of polymer association and dissociation from a lateral binding site. Reassociation occurs at the polymer subunit adjacent to that which has...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garel JR,Job D,Margolis RL

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that regulates the binding of coat proteins to membranes and is required for several stages of vesicular transport. ARF also stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which can alter the lipid content of membranes by conversion of p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ktistakis NT,Brown HA,Sternweis PC,Roth MG

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We solve a discrete version of the classic Plateau problem, which asks for a minimal surface spanning a given curve. Our algorithm is based on a network-flow formulation that finds minimal slabs, intuitively corresponding to minimal "surfaces" of prescribed thickness. We let the slab thickness approach zero in order t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu TC,Kahng AB,Robins G

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With 13C NMR, phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9) is shown to produce mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) slowly from a much more rapidly catalyzed equilibrium between glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P). The identity of M6P and its formation from G6P plus F6P a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seeholzer SH

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Contingency models of feeding compare the energy per unit time gained from utilizing a resource unit of a particular kind (food types, habitat patches, time periods) against that energy/time expected if the unit is skipped. Optimally, an animal should reject the particular unit if and only if the former energy/time is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schoener TW

更新日期：1974-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An extracellular patch electrode was used to record ionic currents from individual complement-induced channels in the membranes of antibody-coated skeletal muscle. The amplitude of the single-channel currents leads to an estimate of 90 pS for the unit conductance. The kinetics of channel opening and closing show marke...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jackson MB,Stephens CL,Lecar H

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory information from the external world is inherently ambiguous, necessitating prior experience as a constraint on perception. Prolonged experience (adaptation) induces perception of ambiguous morph faces as a category different from the adapted category, suggesting sensitivity in underlying neural codes to differ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Furl N,van Rijsbergen NJ,Treves A,Friston KJ,Dolan RJ

更新日期：2007-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:AB-type toxins, like other bacterial toxins, are notably opportunistic molecules. They rely on target cell receptors to reach the appropriate location within the target cell where translocation of their enzymatic subunits occurs. The anthrax toxin, however, times its own uptake, suggesting that toxin binding triggers ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abrami L,Kunz B,van der Goot FG

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical research should conform to high standards of ethical and scientific integrity, given that human lives are at stake. However, economic incentives can generate conflicts of interest for investigators, who may be inclined to withhold unfavorable results or even tamper with data in order to achieve desired outcom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adda J,Decker C,Ottaviani M

更新日期：2020-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Feasting is one of humanity's most universal and unique social behaviors. Although evidence for feasting is common in the early agricultural societies of the Neolithic, evidence in pre-Neolithic contexts is more elusive. We found clear evidence for feasting on wild cattle and tortoises at Hilazon Tachtit cave, a Late ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Munro ND,Grosman L

更新日期：2010-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The gamma-aminobutyrate-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) is a major target of autoantibodies associated with both early and late stages of pancreatic beta-cell destruction and development of type 1 diabetes. We have used five monoclonal anti-islet-cell antibod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richter W,Shi Y,Baekkeskov S

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comprehensive mapping of interactions among Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins and interactions of EBV proteins with human proteins should provide specific hypotheses and a broad perspective on EBV strategies for replication and persistence. Interactions of EBV proteins with each other and with human proteins were as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calderwood MA,Venkatesan K,Xing L,Chase MR,Vazquez A,Holthaus AM,Ewence AE,Li N,Hirozane-Kishikawa T,Hill DE,Vidal M,Kieff E,Johannsen E

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many physical and chemical properties of the light rare-earths and actinides are governed by the active role of f electrons, and despite intensive efforts the details of the mechanisms of phase stability and transformation are not fully understood. A prominent example which has attracted a lot of interest, both experi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krisch M,Farber DL,Xu R,Antonangeli D,Aracne CM,Beraud A,Chiang TC,Zarestky J,Kim DY,Isaev EI,Ahuja R,Johansson B

更新日期：2011-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas the laws of thermodynamics prohibit extraction of useful work from the Brownian motion of particles in equilibrium, these motions can be "rectified" under nonequilibrium conditions, for example, in the presence of asymmetric geometrical obstacles. Here, we describe a class of systems in which aerobic bacteria ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sokolov A,Apodaca MM,Grzybowski BA,Aranson IS

更新日期：2010-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a mediator of host immunity and functions as a high, upstream activator of cells within the innate and the adaptive immunological systems. Recent studies have suggested a potentially broader role for MIF in growth regulation because of its ability to antagonize p53-media...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fingerle-Rowson G,Petrenko O,Metz CN,Forsthuber TG,Mitchell R,Huss R,Moll U,Müller W,Bucala R

更新日期：2003-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox genes encode transcription factors widely used for diversifying animal body plans in development and evolution. To achieve functional specificity, Hox proteins associate with PBC class proteins, Pre-B cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx) in vertebrates, and Extradenticle (Exd) in Drosophila, and were thought to use a uniq...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saadaoui M,Merabet S,Litim-Mecheri I,Arbeille E,Sambrani N,Damen W,Brena C,Pradel J,Graba Y

更新日期：2011-02-08 00:00:00