On artifacts in single-molecule force spectroscopy.

abstract：:One of the critical issues regarding proteins with a four-helix bundle motif is which interactions play the major role in stabilizing this type of folded structure: the interaction among the four alpha-helices or the interaction between the loop and helix segments. To answer this question, an energetic analysis has be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chou KC,Maggiora GM,Scheraga HA

更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly purified globin mRNA from ducks was copied with RNA-directed DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus into anti-messenger DNA. With excess RNA, more than 90% of this DNA annealed back to its template with a C(o)t/2 value of 7.5 x 10(-4) mol.sec. liter(-1); the melting temperature of the hybrid was 86 degr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Imaizumi T,Diggelmann H,Scherrer K

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Communication about prescription drugs ought to be a paragon of public science communication. Unfortunately, it is not. Consumers see $4 billion of direct-to-consumer advertising annually, which typically fails to present data about how well drugs work. The professional label--the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schwartz LM,Woloshin S

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of predator intimidation on habitat use and behavior of prey species are rarely quantified for large marine vertebrates over ecologically relevant scales. Using state space movement models followed by a series of step selection functions, we analyzed movement data of concurrently tracked prey, bowhead whal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matthews CJD,Breed GA,LeBlanc B,Ferguson SH

更新日期：2020-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The MAL6 locus is one of five closely related unlinked loci, any one of which is sufficient for fermentation of maltose in Saccharomyces. Previous genetic analysis indicated that this locus is defined by two complementation groups, MALp and MALg. MALp reportedly is a regulatory gene required for inducible synthesis of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Needleman RB,Kaback DB,Dubin RA,Perkins EL,Rosenberg NG,Sutherland KA,Forrest DB,Michels CA

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intrinsic role of endogenous IL-17A in spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis has not been addressed previously to our knowledge. Ablation of IL-17A significantly reduced tumor development in mice bearing a heterozygote mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene (Apc(Min/+) mice). There was also a decreas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chae WJ,Gibson TF,Zelterman D,Hao L,Henegariu O,Bothwell AL

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The term amyloid defines a group of proteins that aggregate into plaques or fibers. Amyloid fibers gained their fame mostly due to their relation with neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, secreted by lower organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, amyloid fibers play a functional role: for example, when they se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lester-Zer N,Ghrayeb M,Chai L

更新日期：2019-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Far-red radiation (FR) reflected by green tissues is a key signal that plants use to detect the proximity of future competitors. Perception of increased levels of FR elicits a suite of responses collectively known as the shade-avoidance syndrome, which includes increased stem elongation, production of erect leaves, an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Izaguirre MM,Mazza CA,Biondini M,Baldwin IT,Ballaré CL

更新日期：2006-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides a unique molecular fingerprint of tissue from endogenous sources of light absorption; however, specific molecular components of the overall FTIR signature of precancer have not been characterized. In attenuated total reflectance mode, infrared light penetrates on...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang TD,Triadafilopoulos G,Crawford JM,Dixon LR,Bhandari T,Sahbaie P,Friedland S,Soetikno R,Contag CH

更新日期：2007-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The gap junctional protein connexin32 is expressed in hepatocytes, exocrine pancreatic cells, Schwann cells, and other cell types. We have inactivated the connexin32 gene by homologous recombination in the mouse genome and have generated homozygous connexin32-deficient mice that were viable and fertile but weighed on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nelles E,Bützler C,Jung D,Temme A,Gabriel HD,Dahl U,Traub O,Stümpel F,Jungermann K,Zielasek J,Toyka KV,Dermietzel R,Willecke K

更新日期：1996-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental property of ecosystems is a tradeoff between the number and size of habitats: as the number of habitats within a fixed area increases, the average area per habitat must decrease. This tradeoff is termed the "area-heterogeneity tradeoff." Theoretical models suggest that the reduction in habitat sizes unde...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ben-Hur E,Kadmon R

更新日期：2020-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmids have been constructed to generate substrates for the study of proteinases 2A and 3C of poliovirus. They contain the P1 (capsomer precursor) region of the poliovirus genome or P1 and part of P2 (a nonstructural precursor), which can be transcribed and translated in vitro. A transcript containing the entire 5' ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nicklin MJ,Kräusslich HG,Toyoda H,Dunn JJ,Wimmer E

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The functions of individual basal transcription factors during the formation of an initiation complex by RNA polymerase II remain largely unknown. Transcription factor IIE (TFIIE) has recently been shown to bind to multiple targets in the initiation complex. To assess the role of zinc binding in basal transcription, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maxon ME,Tjian R

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that intracellular Ca2+ is an essential component of the intracellular mechanism of insulin action in the adipocyte was evaluated. Cells were loaded with the Ca2+ chelator quin-2, by preincubating them with quin-2 AM, the tetrakis(acetoxymethyl) ester of quin-2. Quin-2 loading inhibited insulin-stimulat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pershadsingh HA,Shade DL,Delfert DM,McDonald JM

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The maspin protein has tumor suppressor activity in breast and prostate cancers. It inhibits cell motility and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. Maspin is structurally a member of the serpin (serine protease inhibitors) superfamily but deviates somewhat from classical serpins. We find tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sheng S,Truong B,Fredrickson D,Wu R,Pardee AB,Sager R

更新日期：1998-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously have shown that proliferating lymphoid cells contain an extractable cytoplasmic protein that is capable of inducing DNA synthesis in isolated quiescent nuclei (activator of DNA replication, ADR). ADR is present in continuously proliferating (transformed) lymphoblastoid cell lines and in mitogen- or inter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gutowski JK,West A,Cohen S

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated thiol-Sepharose [agarose-(glutathione-2-pyridyl disulfide) conjugate] has been used to immobilize proteins with a single or a few thiol groups via disulfide bridges. The immobilized proteins were subsequently proteolytically degraded. After washing, the thiol-containing peptides were eluted with a reducing a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Egorov TA,Svenson A,Rydén L,Carlsson J

更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in nuclear K+ electrochemical activity and total nuclear K+ content in salivary glands of Chironomus tentans were measured with ion-selective microelectrodes based on valinomycin and with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The K+ activity increased by a factor of 2.6 and the total K+, by a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wuhrmann P,Ineichen H,Riesen-Willi U,Lezzi M

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of the present study was to make use of efficient molecular marker systems to reveal genetic relationships in traditional and evolved Basmati (EB) and semidwarf non-Basmati (NB) rice varieties. A subset of three rice groups was analyzed by using 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and 12 inter-SSR-PCR p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagaraju J,Kathirvel M,Kumar RR,Siddiq EA,Hasnain SE

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Rising sea levels and increased storminess are expected to accelerate the erosion of soft-cliff coastlines, threatening coastal infrastructure and livelihoods. To develop predictive models of future coastal change we need fundamentally to know how rapidly coasts have been eroding in the past, and to understand the dri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hurst MD,Rood DH,Ellis MA,Anderson RS,Dornbusch U

更新日期：2016-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 knockout (Trex1-/-) mice suffer from systemic inflammation caused largely by chronic activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase-interferon regulatory factor 3 (cGAS-STING-TBK1-IRF3) signaling pathway. We showed previously that Trex1-def...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hasan M,Gonugunta VK,Dobbs N,Ali A,Palchik G,Calvaruso MA,DeBerardinis RJ,Yan N

更新日期：2017-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used a soluble in vitro RNA polymerase II transcription system to define the site of initiation of Moloney murine leukemia viral RNA synthesis. Molecularly cloned integrated and unintegrated Moloney murine leukemia virus DNAs were used as templates. The 5' ends of in vitro transcripts and virion RNA of Moloney...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fuhrman SA,Van Beveren C,Verma IM

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquitoes are major disease vectors because most species must feed on blood from a vertebrate host to produce eggs. Blood feeding by the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti triggers the release of two neurohormones, ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (OEH) and insulin-like peptides (ILPs), which activate multiple processes re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vogel KJ,Brown MR,Strand MR

更新日期：2015-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic mAbs must not only bind to their target but must also be free from "developability issues" such as poor stability or high levels of aggregation. While small-molecule drug discovery benefits from Lipinski's rule of five to guide the selection of molecules with appropriate biophysical properties, there is cu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raybould MIJ,Marks C,Krawczyk K,Taddese B,Nowak J,Lewis AP,Bujotzek A,Shi J,Deane CM

更新日期：2019-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased clouds and precipitation normally decrease the diurnal temperature range (DTR) and thus have commonly been offered as explanation for the trend of reduced DTR observed for many land areas over the last several decades. Observations show, however, that the DTR was reduced most in dry regions and especially in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou L,Dickinson RE,Tian Y,Vose RS,Dai Y

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The drug resistance factor RP4, originally isolated in Pseudomonas, was transferred to Rhizobium meliloti. In that strain, RP4 promotes conjugational transfer of chromosomal markers to form haploid recombinants. This mating system has been used to construct a linkage map of R. meliloti. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meade HM,Signer ER

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Levinthal's paradox is that finding the native folded state of a protein by a random search among all possible configurations can take an enormously long time. Yet proteins can fold in seconds or less. Mathematical analysis of a simple model shows that a small and physically reasonable energy bias against locally unfa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zwanzig R,Szabo A,Bagchi B

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Migraine is characterized by severe headaches that can be preceded by an aura likely caused by cortical spreading depression (SD). The antiepileptic pregabalin (Lyrica) shows clinical promise for migraine therapy, although its efficacy and mechanism of action are unclear. As detected by diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cain SM,Bohnet B,LeDue J,Yung AC,Garcia E,Tyson JR,Alles SR,Han H,van den Maagdenberg AM,Kozlowski P,MacVicar BA,Snutch TP

更新日期：2017-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that pregnancy early in life reduces the risk of breast cancer in women and that this effect is universal. This phenomenon of parity protection against mammary cancer is also observed in rodents. Earlier studies have demonstrated that short-term administration of estradiol (E) in combination wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rajkumar L,Guzman RC,Yang J,Thordarson G,Talamantes F,Nandi S

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The involvement of epigenetic alterations in mediating effects of estrogens on memory is unknown. The present study determined whether histone acetylation and DNA methylation are critical for the potent estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) to enhance object recognition memory. We show that dorsal hippocampal E(2) infusion...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao Z,Fan L,Frick KM

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00