Abstract:
:In recent years, several synthetic cannabinoid compounds have become popular recreational drugs of abuse because of their psychoactive properties. This paper presents toxicological findings of synthetic cannabinoids in whole blood from some cases of severe intoxication including quantitative data from recreational users and a fatal intoxication. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a scheduled multiple reaction mode after a basic liquid extraction. Twenty-nine synthetic cannabinoids were included in the method. In our data set of ~3000 cases, 28% were found positive for one or more synthetic cannabinoid(s). The most common finding was AM-2201. Most of the analytes had median concentrations of <0.5 ng/g in agreement with other published data. The emerging drugs MAM-2201 (n = 151) and UR-144 (n = 181) had mean (median) concentrations of 1.04 (0.37) and 1.26 (0.34), respectively. The toxicity of the synthetic cannabinoids seems to be worse than that of natural cannabis, probably owing to the higher potency and perhaps also to the presence of several different cannabinoids in the smoked incense and the difficulties of proper dosing. The acute toxic effects may under certain circumstances contribute to death.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Kronstrand R,Roman M,Andersson M,Eklund Adoi
10.1093/jat/bkt068subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-10-01 00:00:00pages
534-41issue
8eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403pii
bkt068journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To evaluate liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) for urine toxicology screening, 29 analytes were quantitated in 152 urine specimens from patients with chronic pain using two unique mass spectrometry platforms. De-identified specimens were quantitated in April of 2011 by liquid chromatogr...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bks071
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenazepam and etizolam were the first uncontrolled benzodiazepines available for sale in the UK. Pyrazolam, flubromazepam and diclazepam are not used medicinally anywhere in the world; they are produced exclusively for the uncontrolled, recreational market. It is important to know whether potentially abused drugs lik...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkv122
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous compound, but its presence in postmortem blood presents a challenge when interpreting elevated levels as GHB is misused as a recreational drug and is also produced postmortem. A total of 387 postmortem cases (273 male and 114 female) submitted to the toxicology laboratory b...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku088
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is an effective component of several insect repellent products. A 19-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department following ingestion of 15-25 mL 95% diethyltoluamide (Muscol). Serum and urine toxicology screening tests were negative except for detection of DEET. DEET was qual...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.3.197
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of methiopropamine (MPA), a synthetic metamfetamine analog, has been detected since 2011 in Europe, but there is limited information on its acute toxicity. A 30-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department in a confused state, with paranoid delusion, auditory and visual hallucinatory experiences, and inco...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw073
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and a one-step derivatization are combined with gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry to simplify a previously reported method for the determination of naltrexone and its metabolite, 6-beta-naltrexol, in human plasma. Deuterated isotopomers of naltrexone and...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/21.4.252
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increased availability of nitrite-containing commercial products that are used for the adulteration of urine samples in the workplace, it is necessary for laboratories to be able to detect and confirm the presence of nitrite in these samples. We have developed a method to confirm the presence of nitrite in ur...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.3.137
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in oral fluid has gained increasing interest in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories. New medicinal and/or recreational cannabinoid products require laboratories to distinguish different patterns of cannabinoid use. This study validated a high-performa...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa184
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a major public health problem, primarily due to the increased number of acute poisoning cases. Detection of these substances is a challenge. The aim of this research was to develop and validate a sensitive screening method for 104 drugs of abuse, including synthetic cannabinoids, ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa089
更新日期:2020-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::A quantitative analysis was developed for the determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and cocaethylene in oral fluid using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After internal standardization and solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase column by gradient elution...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.8.655
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, specific and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography assay procedure is described for the determination of ICI 125, 211, (I), a guanidino-thiazole H2-receptor antagonist, in small samples of animal plasma. A 0.2 mL aliquot of plasma is extracted at pH 9 with ethyl acetate. After reconstitution in ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.5.244
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An online automatic sample cleanup system was developed for use with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS) for the quantitative detection of the benzene exposure biomarker S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in human urine. The sample clean-up system was constructed with an autosampling device, a r...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.4.205
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for the rapid quantitation of atropine (AT) in blood is presented. A 2.0-mL blood specimen containing deuterated N-methyl-atropine as the internal standard was alkaline-hydrolyzed to convert atropine to tropine. The tropine was extracted by organic solvent which ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/13.5.296
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards), in cooperation with the College of American Pathologists (CAP), has certified the concentrations of phencyclidine (PCP) in two new reference materials (RMs). One of these materials is Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1511,...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.1.43
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of lethal overdose by prilocaine, a local anaesthetic, is presented. The patient died in the dental office during treatment, and the time course of events was documented. The drug concentration in blood, urine, and liver was measured. ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/10.2.75
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of thin-layer chromatographic analysis for the detection of strychnine and crimidine in biological samples, a rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method with densitometry is described. Fortified dog serum and stomach content samples were an...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.3.185
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case report involving a 34-year-old white male who was found dead at home by his roommate is presented. At the time of his death, he was being treated with tramadol/acetaminophen, metaxalone, oxycodone, and amitriptyline. The decedent's mother stated that he had been taking increasing amounts of pain medication in o...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/29.5.401
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anticoagulant rodenticides are the largest group of poisons used to kill harmful rodents. Their fundamental mode of action consists in the inhibition of the vitamin K epoxide reductase, which causes blood-clotting alteration, ultimately leading to hemorrhagic events as the cause of death. In this study, we developed a...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw019
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of long-term room temperature storage on the stability of ethanol in whole blood specimens was investigated. One hundred and seventeen preserved whole blood case samples (110 of 117 with two tubes of blood in each case) were used for this study. One tube from each case was initially tested for blood alcohol...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkv037
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of D,L-methadone (MD) and its metabolites, D,L-2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3, 3-diphenylpyrrolinium (EDDP) and D,L-2-ethyl-5-methyl-3, 3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP), in hair has been developed. Deuterated internal standards of MD, EMDP, and EDDP were added to...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.6.355
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes a possible suicide by overdosage with diltiazem. The decreased, a 39-year-old male who had been under treatment for an unidentified heart condition, was discovered on the bathroom floor in his residence. Comprehensive drug screens performed on available postmortem specimens revealed the presence ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/18.3.180
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feces are a possible medium to be used for horse doping control. Efficient methods for detecting drugs in feces collected from various animals are routinely applied in institutes of food safety in Belgium. We have already tested whether they are applicable to horse feces. In this report, accelerated solvent extraction...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.5.323
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the end of 2010, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) used its emergency scheduling authority to temporarily control five chemicals, JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-200, CP-47497, and cannabicyclohexanol (CP-47497 C8), often referred to as "Spice", K2, or "synthetic cannabinoids" because of their reported cannabis-...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/anatox/35.7.424
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and robust ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of acetaminophen, dexchlorpheniramine, caffeine, cotinine and salicylic acid in postmortem blood samples from children younger than 4 years. The sample was prepare...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx089
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, reproducible and sensitive reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the identification and semi-quantitative confirmation of stimulants in urine. The method is capable of separating compounds such as cocaine and metabolites, amphetamines, substituted cathin...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bks091
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to achieve accurate quantitation of drugs and metabolites (analytes) in complex matrices, 2H- (and less commonly 13C-) labeled analogues of the analytes are now routinely adapted as the internal standards (IS) using linear calibration models to fit data generated by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/25.3.179
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacogenomics is the study of the linkage between an individual's genotype and the disposition of drugs in the body. The first association between adverse drug reactions and inherited variations was recognized in the 1950s, and since then, pharmacogenomics has come a long way. The importance of pharmacogenomics is ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jat/30.2.65
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Europe, the compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy, Adam), in addition to cannabis, is the most abused illicit drug at all-night "techno" parties. Methods for the determination of MDMA and its metabolites, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), 3,4-dihydroxy-methamphetamine (HHMA), 3,4-methyl...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/20.6.432
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unknown compounds that were not amenable to GC/MS were found during routine benzodiazepine HPLC screening in a postmortem case. The apparent thermolability made the application of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry mandatory. The moving-belt interface was used because of its value for identification based on...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/13.1.8
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that drug concentrations in blood can change during storage, especially at room temperature, but even labile drugs such as cocaine may be stable in dried blood spots (DBS). A new method has been developed for the analysis of hydrolytically labile drugs in blood spots on filter paper in orde...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/32.7.511
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00