Abstract：
:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating neurological disease that predominantly affects young adults resulting in severe personal and economic impact. The majority of therapies for this disease were developed in, or are beneficial in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. While known to target adaptive anti-CNS immune responses, they also target, the innate immune arm. This mini-review focuses on the role of dendritic cells (DCs), the professional antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system. The evidence for a role for DCs in the appropriate regulation of anti-CNS autoimmune responses and their role in MS disease susceptibility and possible therapeutic utility are discussed. Additionally, the current controversy regarding the evidence for the presence of functional DCs in the normal CNS is reviewed. Furthermore, the role of CNS DCs and potential routes of their intercourse between the CNS and cervical lymph nodes are considered. Finally, the future role that this nexus between the CNS and the cervical lymph nodes might play in site directed molecular and cellular therapy for MS is outlined.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Mohammad MG,Hassanpour M,Tsai VW,Li H,Ruitenberg MJ,Booth DW,Serrats J,Hart PH,Symonds GP,Sawchenko PE,Breit SN,Brown DAdoi
10.3390/ijms14010547subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-27 00:00:00pages
547-62issue
1issn
1422-0067pii
ijms14010547journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Protein aggregation into insoluble amyloid fibrils is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, chief among them Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Although caused by different proteins, these pathologies share some basic molecular mechanisms with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), a rare hereditary neurop...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17091428
更新日期：2016-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) activation is critical in breast cancer development. HER2 promotes cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, and metastasis by activation of PI3K/Akt, Ras/MEK/ERK, and JAK/STAT pathways. However, beyond these signaling molecules, the key proteins underlining HER2-media...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092223
更新日期：2019-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as promising therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders because they can reduce underlying pathology and also repair damaged tissues. Regarding the delivery of MSCs into the brain, intravenous and intra-arterial routes may be less feasible than intraparenchymal and ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21041272
更新日期：2020-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:CA125 is the most widely used tumour marker in ovarian cancer with unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity especially at early stage. It is quantified by antibody-based immunoassays; however different molecular weight isoforms have been described in the literature which have never been validated by mass spectrometr...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13089942
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is a multifaceted pathophysiological condition that has been associated with lipid accumulation, adipocyte dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and an altered metabolic profile. Redox imbalance and excessive release of inflammatory mediators have been intricately linked in obesity-associated phenotyp...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21010087
更新日期：2019-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Besides an antigen-presenting function and ability to induce antitumor immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) possess a direct tumoricidal activity. We previously reported that monocyte-derived IFNα-induced DCs (IFN-DCs) of glioblastoma multiforme patients express low levels of membrane TNFα molecule (mTNFα) and have...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21082898
更新日期：2020-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs), a major class of nonionic surfactants, can easily enter into aquatic environments through various pathways due to their wide applications, which leads to the extensive existence of their relative stable metabolites, namely nonylphenol (NP) and mono- to tri-ethoxylates. This study ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15011255
更新日期：2014-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The adsorption of amyloidogenic peptides, amyloid beta 1-40 (Aβ1-40), alpha-synuclein (α-syn), and beta 2 microglobulin (β2m), was attempted over the surface of nano-gold colloidal particles, ranging from d = 10 to 100 nm in diameter (d). The spectroscopic inspection between pH 2 and pH 12 successfully extracted the c...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215354
更新日期：2019-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Colon cancer constitutes 33% of all cancer cases in humans and the majority of patients with metastatic colon cancer still have poor prognosis. An important role in cancer development is the communication between cancer and normal cells. This may occur, among others, through extracellular vesicles (including microvesi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21051826
更新日期：2020-03-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate and adaptive immunity are both involved in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. The main cellular players in the innate immune system are macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and natural killer (NK), which offer antigen-independent defense against infection. Helicobacter pylo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17010109
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs, which play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, various reports revealed that miRNAs could be transmitted between species to mediate cross-kingdom regulation by integrating into a specific target gene-mediated regulatory pathway to ex...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19072007
更新日期：2018-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that contribute to immune protection by cytosis, cytokine secretion, and regulation of adaptive responses of T cells. NK cells distinguish between healthy and ill cells, and generate a cytotoxic response, being cumulatively regulated by environmental signals delivered t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20030646
更新日期：2019-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-regulated cellular mechanisms are involved in a variety of (patho-) physiological processes. One of the main effector molecules in this system, proteinkinase G (PKG), serves as a molecular switch by phosphorylating different target proteins and thereby turning the...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19041180
更新日期：2018-04-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) is a global epidemic caused by the infection of human macrophages with the world's most deadly single bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). M.tb resides in a phagosomal niche within macrophages, where trace element concentrations impact the immune response, bacterial metal metabolism...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18112375
更新日期：2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, the importance of the gut-liver-adipose tissue axis has become evident. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic disease of a systemic metabolic disorder that radiates from energy-surplus induced adiposopathy. The gut microbiota has tremendous influences in our whole-body metabolism, and is cr...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17040481
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease in which prolonged, non-resolutive inflammation of the lung may lead to metabolic and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Previous studies have reported that individuals coursing pulmonary TB experience cognitive or behavioural changes; however, the pathogenic substrate of suc...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21249483
更新日期：2020-12-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is a characteristic feature of dyslipidemia in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, abnormality in serum triglyceride (TG) has not been fully investigated. To clarify the impact of HCV genotype 1b (G1b) infection and advanced fibrosis on serum TG p...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms160920576
更新日期：2015-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Rett syndrome (RTT) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects females, resulting in severe cognitive and physical disabilities, and is one of the most prevalent causes of intellectual disability in females. More than fifty years after the first publication on Rett syndrome, and almost two de...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20163925
更新日期：2019-08-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in multiple blood cells, and the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. The role of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in hematopoiesis is very important, as the fusion of RARα gene with PML gene initiat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18061323
更新日期：2017-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Wt% of aragonite, a CaCO(3) polymorph, increased with higher hydraulic activity ( degrees C) of limestone in precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from the lime-soda process (Ca(OH)(2)-NaOH-Na(2)CO(3)). Only calcite, the most stable polymorph, was crystallized at hydraulic activity under 10 degrees C, whereas aragonite...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms10114954
更新日期：2009-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanoemulsions are feasible delivery systems of lipophilic compounds, showing potential as edible coatings with enhanced functional properties. The aim of this work was to study the effect of emulsifier type (stearic acid (SA), Tween 80 (T80) or Tween 80/Span 60 (T80/S60)) and emulsification process (homogenization, ul...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18122712
更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide displaying neuroprotective actions, on glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) was investigated. PEA inhibited the Ca²⁺-dependent release of glutamate, which was triggered by exposing synaptosomes to the potassi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms16035555
更新日期：2015-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Death associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a calcium/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine kinase; its main function is to regulate cell death. DAPK family proteins consist of DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, DAPK-related apoptosis-inducing protein kinases (DRAK)-1 and DRAK-2. In this review, we discuss the roles and regulatory me...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19103031
更新日期：2018-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum microRNAs are emerging as a clinically useful tool for early and non-invasive detection of various cancer types including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Based on our previous results, we performed the study to analyze circulating serum miR-378 and miR-210 in patients with various histological subtypes of RCC. RNA w...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms161023382
更新日期：2015-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of sustained arrhythmia in humans often characterized by devastating alterations to the cardiac conduction system as well as the structure of the atria. AF can lead to decreased cardiac function, heart failure, and other complications. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21155424
更新日期：2020-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a widely applied traditional Chinese medicine ingredient which can be used for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this experiment, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of chlorogenic acid on thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and explored the underlying mechanisms that hav...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20133160
更新日期：2019-06-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors playing pivotal roles. While many genes associated with the risk of diabetes have been identified to date, the mechanisms by which external triggers contribute to the genetic predisposition remain unclear. Here, we derived e...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21165743
更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Manganese oxidizing bacteria can produce biogenic manganese oxides (BMO) on their cell surface and have been applied in the fields of agriculture, bioremediation, and drinking water treatment to remove toxic contaminants based on their remarkable chemical reactivity. Herein, we report for the first time the synthetic ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21051709
更新日期：2020-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the genetic polymorphism of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) is associated with higher mortality of liver allograft recipients, the role of SDF-1 in the modulation of renal allograft outcomes is unclear. Between March 2000 and January 2008, we recruited 252 non-diabetic renal transplant recipients (RTRs)...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms150712495
更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is an endosomal receptor recognizing bacterial DNA/CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). Blocking CpG ODN/TLR9 activity represents a strategy for therapeutic prevention of immune system overactivation. Herein, we report that a synthetic peptide (SP) representing the leucine-rich re...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17020242
更新日期：2016-02-22 00:00:00
