Abstract:
:Numerous behavioral pain measures have been validated for young children, but none is appropriate to assess pain in emergency departments (EDs), where caregivers need a simple, easily completed scale. Our objective was to elaborate and validate a tool, relevant in any painful situation, with agitation or prostration, and for any age under 7 years. Five items (scored 0 to 3) were developed by pediatric pain and emergency caregivers. The new scale, called EVENDOL, was tested at children's arrival and after analgesics, at rest, and during mobilization. The validation study included 291 children from birth to 7 years old in 4 French EDs, and independent observations by the ED nurse and a researcher. The Cronbach coefficient was excellent (0.83 to 0.92). Construct validity was demonstrated by a decrease in scores after nalbuphine: 8.14 to 3.62 of 15 at rest (P<.0001), 11.87 to 6.65 at mobilization (P = .0011); by good correlations between EVENDOL and nurse or researcher numerical scores: 0.79 to 0.92 (P<.0001); by good correlations between children's self-assessment scores and EVENDOL in children ages 4 to 7 (0.64 to 0.93). Discriminant validity with tiredness, anxiety, and hunger was good. Interrater reliability was excellent between nurses and researcher (weighted kappa 0.7 to 0.9), and in a group of 6 nurses (simultaneous assessment of 122 videos). The treatment threshold was determined at 4 of 15. EVENDOL has excellent validity and can be used for all children under age 7 in EDs, for any age and any pain, acute as well as more prolonged.
journal_name
Painjournal_title
Painauthors
Fournier-Charrière E,Tourniaire B,Carbajal R,Cimerman P,Lassauge F,Ricard C,Reiter F,Turquin P,Lombart B,Letierce A,Falissard Bdoi
10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
1573-1582issue
8eissn
0304-3959issn
1872-6623pii
00006396-201208000-00010journal_volume
153pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PAIN文献大全abstract::Spinal synaptic plasticity is believed to drive central sensitization that underlies the persistent nature of neuropathic pain. Our recent data showed that synaptic plasticity in the dorsal horn is cell type specific: intense afferent stimulation produced long-term potentiation (LTP) in excitatory spinothalamic tract ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001014
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exacerbation of pain by chronic stress and comorbidity of pain with stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, represent significant clinical challenges. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether chronic forced swim stress (CFSS)-induced exacerb...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000827
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This open prospective study evaluated the combination of initial dose titration with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and long-term treatment with transdermal fentanyl in 50 cancer patients requiring opioids for severe pain. The delivery rate of the first transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) was calculated from the ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03254-x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous TRPV1 agonists such as oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OLAMs) and the enzymes releasing them [eg, cytochrome P450 (CYP)] are up-regulated after inflammation in the rat. However, it is not known whether such agonists are elevated in human inflammatory pain conditions. Because TRPV1 is expressed in human ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.011
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain can be endogenously modulated by heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) through a mechanism which is known as diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC). Since DNIC can be impaired in patients suffering from chronic pain, a comparable impaired itch inhibition may exist in patients suffering from chron...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.026
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assessment and development of pain in children is reviewed in the first part of a two-part series. Assessment of pain in children has relied on self-report measures that have included visual analogue procedures using concrete stimuli for ratings. Behavioral assessment procedures are more sophisticated, but researc...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(86)90206-X
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A secondary zone of cutaneous hyperalgesia in humans is characterized by increased pain to mechanical stimuli. In contrast, the perception of heat stimuli delivered to a secondary zone of hyperalgesia in humans often shows a paradoxical decrease in magnitude. A number of studies have shown that the responses of spinal...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00079-7
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disabling neuropathic pain (NeuP) is a common sequel of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). We aimed to characterise the sensory phenotype of patients with and without NeuP, assess screening tools for NeuP, and relate DPN severity to NeuP. The Pain in Neuropathy Study (PiNS) is an observational cross-sectional multi...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000491
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropathic pain may be effectively relieved by electric stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS). However, the underlying mechanisms for the ensuing pain relief are poorly understood. In a rat model of neuropathy displaying hypersensitivity to innocuous tactile stimuli, (allodynia), we have earlier demonstrated that SCS ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00077-8
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been found to be useful in the management of a variety of chronic pain conditions, although there is little published regarding the potential efficacy of this class of drug as an adjunct for the control of acute postoperative pain and related symptoms. Twenty-eight patients underg...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90166-M
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perception of pain is highly variable. It depends on bottom-up-mediated factors like stimulus intensity and top-down-mediated factors like expectations. In the brain, pain is associated with a complex pattern of neuronal responses including evoked potentials and induced responses at alpha and gamma frequencies. Al...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460309.94442.44
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of prostaglandin (PG) receptors in the spinal cord has been demonstrated, but their role in sensory processing is not yet well defined. PGE1 is widely used clinically as a vasodilator. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of intrathecally administered PGE1 on the transmission of diff...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(95)00055-0
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activated mammalian target of rapamycin (P-mTOR) has been shown to maintain the sensitivity of subsets of small-diameter primary afferent A-nociceptors. Local or systemic inhibition of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway reduced punctate mechanical and cold sensitivity in neuropathic pain and therefore offered a new a...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000197
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preliminary reports have shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) interrupts cluster headache (CH) attacks. In the present study, 6 of 7 patients with episodic cluster headache who were treated with hyperbaric oxygen experienced an interruption of the attack. In 3 of 6 responders the florid period of the cluster headache wa...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90137-E
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of referred pain observed in female patients with pain from the reproductive organs. We developed a model of inflammatory uterine pain in the rat. Inflammation of the uterus in rats pretreated with Evans Blue Dye resulted in dye extravasation in the skin over...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00112-7
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although known primarily for its role in neuronal development, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has also recently been implicated in processes mediated by the adult nervous system, such as spinal nociception. Peripheral inflammation increases expression of BDNF preferentially in dorsal root ganglion cells that...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00264-6
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work aimed to evaluate the potential role of the 5-HT(7) receptor in nociception secondary to a sensitizing stimulus in mice. For this purpose, the effects of relevant ligands (5-HT(7) receptor agonists: AS-19, MSD-5a, E-55888; 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists: SB-258719, SB-269970; 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist: F-13640...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.009
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is related to postoperative pain during the first postoperative week, but it is unknown which components of the early pain response is important. In this prospective study, 100 consecutive patients were examined preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 3, 6, and 12 mo...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.019
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzyme 3alpha-hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase (3alpha-HSOR) catalyzes the synthesis and bioavailability of 3alpha,5alpha-neurosteroids as allopregnanolone (3alpha,5alpha-THP) which activates GABA(A) receptors and blocks T-type calcium channels involved in pain mechanisms. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.004
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capsaicin elicits burning pain via the activation of the vanilloid receptor (TRPV1). Intriguingly, several reports showed that capsaicin also inhibits Na+ currents but the mechanisms remain unclear. To explore this non-TRPV1 action we applied capsaicin to HEK293 cells stably expressing inactivation-deficient rat skele...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.002
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess if the functional activation caused by painful stimuli could be detected with arterial spin labeling (ASL), which is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF). Because ASL directly measures blood flow, it is well suited to ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.021
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amitriptyline, a non-selective noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor, has recently been demonstrated to produce a peripheral antinociceptive action in an inflammatory (formalin test) and a neuropathic pain model (spinal nerve ligation). In the present study, we determined whether desipra...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00043-3
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is considerable evidence to implicate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation in the mechanisms that underly thermal hyperalgesia in the spinal cord. As many of the effects of NMDA receptor activation appear to be ultimately mediated through production of nitric oxide (NO), recent reports have begun to d...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90124-8
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind, crossover study, the effects of 75 mg amitriptyline alone during 5 weeks on pain intensity were compared with the effects of a combination of 75 mg amitriptyline and 3 mg flupentixol during 5 weeks in 34 patients with somatoform pain disorder. Both treatments resulted in a statistically significant ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(91)90007-K
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the indirect immunofluorescence method, the distribution of cyclic GMP (cGMP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was investigated in lumbar 5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of untreated rats 1, 3 and 7 days following sciatic nerve section (axotomy). Untreated and axotomized (7 days) rats were also studied after perfusi...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00124-9
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with other European countries, French laws and restrictions concerning the use of opioids are of medium severity only. Still, together with Germany, Belgium and Spain, France belongs to the group of countries with a low national consumption of morphine, calculated by the International Narcotics Control Board ...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00264-F
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristics and impact of pain were evaluated in a prospective cross-sectional survey of 438 ambulatory AIDS patients recruited from health care facilities in New York City. More than 60% of the patients reported 'frequent or persistent pain' during the 2 wks preceding the study. Patients with pain reported an...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03215-0
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main goal of current pain management approaches is to increase the patients' quality of life by improving pain coping skills and by reducing the levels of disability in daily life, often despite persistent pain. Direct measurement of quality of life is of crucial importance in economic evaluation research, in whic...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00232-2
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to investigate to what extent cortical hyper-reactivity to visual stimuli is present in upper limb amputees. Five amputees with phantom limb pain (PLP), five amputees without PLP (Non-PLP) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were investigated using a visual oddball paradigm. Two hundred visual stimul...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.03.003
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin A has non-opioid effects that can damage the spinal cord when given in high doses. Dynorphin has been shown to increase the receptive field size of spinal cord neurons and facilitate C-fiber-evoked reflexes. Furthermore, endogenous dynorphin levels increase following damage to t...
journal_title:Pain
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00046-8
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00