The effects of type 1 diabetes on the hypothalamic, pituitary and testes axis.

Abstract:

:Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a lack of insulin production by the beta cells of the pancreas. This lack of insulin causes a variety of systemic effects on whole-body metabolism. Poorly managed type 1 diabetes can lead to cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Increasingly, even well-managed type 1 diabetic patients show damage to peripheral organs related to complications from the disease. The central role of insulin in energy homeostasis also renders it an important signaling factor in the reproductive tract. type 1 diabetes has now been demonstrated to cause defects in sperm and testes. The aim of this review is to present the known effects of insulin's role in the function of the male reproductive tract. These effects might be mediated through hormonal alterations in the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis or through the direct interaction of insulin on the testes and sperm cells. Although fertility complications also occur in type 2 diabetic males, this review will focus on the defects specifically linked with the lack of insulin seen in type 1 diabetes.

journal_name

Cell Tissue Res

journal_title

Cell and tissue research

authors

Schoeller EL,Schon S,Moley KH

doi

10.1007/s00441-012-1387-7

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-09-01 00:00:00

pages

839-47

issue

3

eissn

0302-766X

issn

1432-0878

journal_volume

349

pub_type

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