Dietary pesticides (99.99% all natural).

abstract：:A Raleigh, NC, population of Drosophila melanogaster was sampled for the presence of enzyme null alleles at 25 loci. No nulls were found at any of five X-linked loci. Nulls were recovered at 13 of 20 autosomal loci; the weighted mean frequency for all 20 autosomal loci was estimated to be 0.0025. A consideration of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Voelker RA,Langley CH,Brown AJ,Ohnishi S,Dickson B,Montgomery E,Smith SC

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast flora found in the major substrates of Drosophila mojavensis and in larval guts was studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative studies show that, in four of the five substrates tested, the larvae did not contain a random sample of the yeasts present in the substrates. One widely distributed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fogleman JC,Starmer WT,Heed WB

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A sensitive target binding assay has recently been shown to detect natural killer (NK) cells in the mouse. Preincubation of NK cells with detergent-solubilized cell-surface proteins of YAC lymphoma cells prevented subsequent binding to intact YAC targets. The NK target structures (NK-TS) consisted of three molecular s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roder JC,Rosén A,Fenyö EM,Troy FA

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate immunity can facilitate nervous system regeneration, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial cell wall component, or the fungal cell wall extract zymosan both lead to rapid and comparable intra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baldwin KT,Carbajal KS,Segal BM,Giger RJ

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionizing radiation has been used to selectively separate the circadian oscillator function of the eye of Aplysia from some of its other functions--synchronous compound action potential (CAP) generation, the light response, synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and output neurons, and the bursting pacemaker mech...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Woolum JC,Strumwasser F

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytochrome P-450 superfamily of enzymes catalyzes the oxidative metabolism of innumerable lipophilic compounds (e.g., drugs, carcinogens, steroids). Although the three-dimensional structure of a soluble bacterial P-450 (P-450cam) has been solved, little is known about the structures of the membrane-bound mammalian...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kronbach T,Larabee TM,Johnson EF

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Refinement of neural circuits in the mammalian cerebral cortex shapes brain function during development and in the adult. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the synapse-specific shrinkage and loss of spiny synapses when neural circuits are remodeled remain poorly defined. Here, we show that low-frequency glu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oh WC,Hill TC,Zito K

更新日期：2013-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) play pivotal roles in signal transduction leading to apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation and inflammation. Here we identify and characterize human and mouse CARD protein 6 (CARD6), CARD-containing proteins of unique structure. CARD6 associates with microtubules an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dufner A,Pownall S,Mak TW

更新日期：2006-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective lodgement or homing of transplanted hemopoietic stem cells in the recipient's bone marrow (BM) is a critical step in the establishment of long-term hemopoiesis after BM transplantation. However, despite its biologic and clinical significance, little is understood about the process of homing. In the present s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Papayannopoulou T,Craddock C,Nakamoto B,Priestley GV,Wolf NS

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Higher plants process two distinct, nuclear gene-encoded glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) proteins, a Calvin-cycle enzyme active within chloroplasts and a glycolytic enzyme active within the cytosol. The gene for the chloroplast enzyme was previously suggested to be of endosymbiotic origin. Since the a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martin W,Brinkmann H,Savonna C,Cerff R

更新日期：1993-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1950, John Nash contributed a remarkable one-page PNAS article that defined and characterized a notion of equilibrium for n- person games. This notion, now called the "Nash equilibrium," has been widely applied and adapted in economics and other behavioral sciences. Indeed, game theory, with the Nash equilibrium as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holt CA,Roth AE

更新日期：2004-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Tangier disease is a familial disorder characterized by orange tonsils, cholesterol ester deposition in reticuloendothelial cells, abnormal chylomicron remnants, and a marked reduction in high density lipoproteins. Plasma concentrations of the apolipoproteins apo-A-I and apoA-II in patients with Tangier disease are ap...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kay LL,Ronan R,Schaefer EJ,Brewer HB Jr

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) catalyzes three reactions in the fatty acid β-oxidation process. Mutations in the two TFP subunits cause mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and acute fatty liver of pregnancy that can lead to death. Here we report a 4.2-Å cryo-electron microscopy α2β2 tetrameri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang K,Li N,Wang X,Dai J,Liu P,Wang C,Chen XW,Gao N,Xiao J

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The HLA class II-associated invariant chain (Ii)-derived peptide (CLIP) occupies the peptide binding groove during assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum, travels with HLA class II to endosomal compartments, and is subsequently released to allow binding of antigenic peptides. We investigated whether the exchange of CLI...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Bergen J,Schoenberger SP,Verreck F,Amons R,Offringa R,Koning F

更新日期：1997-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The matrix-2 (M2) protein from influenza A virus is a tetrameric, integral transmembrane (TM) protein that plays a vital role in viral replication by proton flux into the virus. The His37 tetrad is a pH sensor in the center of the M2 TM helix that activates the channel in response to the low endosomal pH. M2 consists ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Torabifard H,Panahi A,Brooks CL 3rd

更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Ho endonuclease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a homing endonuclease that makes a site-specific double-strand break in the MAT gene in late G(1). Here we show that Ho is rapidly degraded via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system through two ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC2(Rad6) and UBC3(Cdc34). UBC2(Rad6) is complexe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaplun L,Ivantsiv Y,Kornitzer D,Raveh D

更新日期：2000-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro studies have demonstrated that glia can express functional receptors for a variety of neurotransmitters. To determine whether similar neurotransmitter receptors are also expressed by glia in vivo, we examined the glial scar in the transected optic nerve of the albino rabbit by quantitative receptor autoradiog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mantyh PW,Johnson DJ,Boehmer CG,Catton MD,Vinters HV,Maggio JE,Too HP,Vigna SR

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A polypeptide was isolated from acid extracts of porcine hypothalami on the basis of its high ability to stimulate the release of corticotropin from superfused rat pituitary cells. After an initial separation by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, further purification was carried out by reversed-phase HPLC. The isolated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patthy M,Horvath J,Mason-Garcia M,Szoke B,Schlesinger DH,Schally AV

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Earth's water cycle enables the incorporation of water (hydration) in mantle minerals that can influence the physical properties of the mantle. Lattice thermal conductivity of mantle minerals is critical for controlling the temperature profile and dynamics of the mantle and subducting slabs. However, the effect of hyd...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang YY,Hsieh WP,Tan E,Chen J

更新日期：2017-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular morphogenesis relies partly on cell polarization by the cytoskeleton. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, it is well established that microtubules (MTs) deliver the spatial cue Tea1, a kelch repeat protein, to the tip regions to direct the growth machinery at the cell tips driving the linear exten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scheffler K,Recouvreux P,Paoletti A,Tran PT

更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:With every pair of bounded self-adjoint operators {U,V} on Hilbert space such that VU - UV = (1/pii)C, where C is trace class, there is associated a certain function of two complex variables called the determining function of the pair. It was previously shown how the determining function can be obtained as the solutio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pincus JD

更新日期：1971-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IFN-gamma is well known as the signature cytokine of CD4+ T helper 1, CD8+, and natural killer cells, but recent studies demonstrate that antigen-presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells (DCs), are another potent source for this proinflammatory cytokine. T-bet, a transcription factor that controls IFN-gamma exp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lugo-Villarino G,Maldonado-Lopez R,Possemato R,Penaranda C,Glimcher LH

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Contractile forces are essential for many developmental processes involving cell shape change and tissue deformation. Recent experiments on reconstituted actomyosin networks, the major component of the contractile machinery, have shown that active contractility occurs above a threshold motor concentration and within a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang S,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in hippocampal function seem critical for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although there is eventual loss of synapses in both AD and animal models of AD, deficits in spatial memory and inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) precede morphological alterations in the models, suggesting earli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vitolo OV,Sant'Angelo A,Costanzo V,Battaglia F,Arancio O,Shelanski M

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A metabolic mechanism for oxalic acid biosynthesis in the wood-rotting basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris has been proposed on the basis of biochemical analyses of glucose metabolism. There was a strong correlation between glucose consumption and oxalate production. Oxalic acid was found to accumulate in the culture f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Munir E,Yoon JJ,Tokimatsu T,Hattori T,Shimada M

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome duplication followed by massive gene loss has permanently shaped the genomes of many higher eukaryotes, particularly angiosperms. It has long been believed that a primary advantage of genome duplication is the opportunity for the evolution of genes with new functions by modification of duplicated genes. If so, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chapman BA,Bowers JE,Feltus FA,Paterson AH

更新日期：2006-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The amount of information that can be stored in working memory is limited but may be improved with practice. The basis of improved efficiency at the level of neural activity is unknown. To investigate this question, we trained monkeys to perform a working memory task that required memory for multiple stimuli. Performa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tang H,Qi XL,Riley MR,Constantinidis C

更新日期：2019-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:As root symbionts of cycad trees, cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc produce beta-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid. The biomagnification of BMAA through the Guam ecosystem fits a classic triangle of increasing concentrations of toxic compounds up the food chain. However, because BMAA is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murch SJ,Cox PA,Banack SA

更新日期：2004-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Spreading depression (SD), a slow diffusion-mediated self-sustained wave of depolarization that severely disrupts neuronal function, has been implicated as a cause of cellular injury in a number of central nervous system pathologies, including blind spots in the retina. Here we show that in the hypoglycemic chicken re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu Y,Santos LM,Mattiace LA,Costa ML,Ferreira LC,Benabou K,Kim AH,Abrahams J,Bennett MV,Rozental R

更新日期：2012-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells are nonequilibrium systems that exchange matter and energy with the environment to sustain their metabolic needs. The nonequilibrium nature of this system presents considerable challenges to developing a general theory describing its behavior; however, when studied at appropriate spatiotemporal scales, the behav...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang AY,Marshall WF

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00